JP5809635B2 - 椎弓根係止装置および椎弓根係止装置を係止するシステム - Google Patents
椎弓根係止装置および椎弓根係止装置を係止するシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5809635B2 JP5809635B2 JP2012537278A JP2012537278A JP5809635B2 JP 5809635 B2 JP5809635 B2 JP 5809635B2 JP 2012537278 A JP2012537278 A JP 2012537278A JP 2012537278 A JP2012537278 A JP 2012537278A JP 5809635 B2 JP5809635 B2 JP 5809635B2
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Description
本発明は医療技術の分野に関する。特に、本発明は、椎弓根係止装置および椎弓根係止装置を係止するシステムに関し、特にインプラント、埋込み(implantation)用の器具および埋込みシステムに関する。
ねじが生体の椎骨の骨組織に係止される場合、しばしば、骨の安定性が不十分になったり、骨への係止の安定性が不十分になったりするという問題が生じる。特に、骨梁組織においては、ねじに作用する如何なる負荷もほんのわずかな骨梁にしか伝わらず、ねじと骨との接続箇所の耐荷重能力と、長期間の安定性とに対して悪影響を及ぼす。これは、特に、骨粗鬆症もしくは骨減少症の椎骨組織または脆くなった椎骨組織の場合には深刻である。
この発明の目的は、既存のペディクルスクリューおよび対応する脊柱安定方法の欠点を克服する椎弓根係止装置および椎弓根係止装置を係止するシステムを提供することである。
これらの実施例においては、軸は非円形の断面を有し得る。たとえば、軸はブレード状になるようにやや平たくてもよい。特に、軸は、椎弓根を貫通する場合、椎弓根の形状に従うように横方向よりも長手方向の方がより大きい範囲を有するようなものであってもよい。一例においては、軸は横断面に対して鋭角をなしていてもよく、これにより、遠近軸に対して垂直なより大きな範囲が、(遠近軸に対して垂直な断面において)椎弓根のより大きな範囲の対応方向にほぼ一致する方向に延在することとなる。
− 硬組織および/または硬組織置換材料における開口部または隙間に外形体を差込むステップと、
− 遠位側の停止面に液化可能な要素を押当てつつ、エネルギをこれに当てて、液化可能な要素の材料を液化させ、少なくとも1つの孔を通過させ、インプラントが係止されることとなる骨組織または他の硬組織もしくは硬組織置換材料の構造に押込み、予め形作られた補強領域をもたらすステップと、
− 外形体を除去するステップと、
− 予め形作られた補強領域の輪郭がインプラントの外形と協働してインプラントを不所望に移動しないよう固定するように、インプラントを挿入するステップとを含む。
こうして、第3の局面は、治癒を促進する薬剤を含む材料を用いて外科手術用ねじ(または同様の係止装置)を提供することを提案している。この材料は、開口部から押出されて、長手方向ボアから外方向に向かい、周囲の組織、特に海綿質骨組織に押込むことができる。このように、第3の局面に従った方法/装置により、外科手術用ねじの機能を、治癒促進薬剤を骨組織に直接投入するステップと組合せることが容易に実現可能となる。開口部から押出すことのできる材料は、付加的な係止効果を有し、特に、緩みの挙動を実質的に改善させ得る。
治癒を促進する薬剤に加えて、当該材料はポリマーおよび/またはヒドロゲルを含んでいてもよい。
− 1つ以上の水硬性セメント;
− 1つ以上の、たとえば、再吸収可能なポリマー;
− 1つ以上のヒドロゲル、のいずれかの組合せの混合物が挙げられる。
− 即時の安定化、早期の緩みの防止。これにより、インプラントの骨硬化、たとえばオッセオインテグレーションが機械的に防止されることとなる。
− 本体の近位端から延在する長手方向ボアと、当該長手方向ボアから外方に向かう1つまたは複数の孔とを有する本体の使用、ならびに、たとえば係止、薬剤送達および/または他の目的で、水硬性セメントを骨組織に投与するために、チキソトロピー効果により粘性を低下させる機械的振動。
− 再吸収可能なPLAなどの熱可塑性ポリマーからなる管要素を用いて、(水に分散したセメント粉などの)液状セメント混合物を保持し、次いで、(機械的振動などの)機械的エネルギを用いて、たとえば骨組織に接触させて熱可塑性ポリマーを液化し、これによりセメント混合物を周囲の骨組織に放出し、その後、硬化させ得る。
以下において、本発明および実施例を実行するための方法を、添付の図面を参照して説明する。図面は大部分が概略的に図示される。図面においては、同じ参照番号は同じまたは類似の要素を指す。
図1に示される装置は、椎弓根係止装置の椎弓根係止装置本体であるペディクルスクリュー11の第1の例である。装置本体11は、被覆要素の近位側に開いた長手方向ボア13を囲む近位側の壁部分11.1を備えた被覆要素として形成される。遠位端部分11.2は、遠位側で長手方向ボアの終端をなす。鍔部分11.3は近位側の頭部として機能し、ここにさらなる要素を固定することができる。
この明細書中に記載された、第1の液化プロセスを用いる多層的な係止または補強は、被覆要素または初めは別個である挿入要素の第1の方向付け構造で行われ、その後(液化した材料が少なくとも部分的に再度凝固した後)、付加的に(第2の)挿入要素のさらなる方向付け構造で行われ、次いで第2の液化が行われるものであり、これは、本発明の局面とは無関係に適用され得る。
− 長手方向ボア13は貫通ボアであり、これにより、低侵襲手術時にワイヤによって案内されるのに適した装置が得られる。貫通ボアは、肩部11.5が構築されるように遠位側に向かって狭くなっている。肩部は挿入要素18のための停止構造としての役割を果たす。この挿入要素18は、遠位側にある液化可能な要素のための長手方向の開口部の終端をなし、壁15および傾斜部分12を含む方向付け構造を備える。挿入要素は、肩部11.5と共に協働して圧力嵌めを形成する遠位側の先細部分19を含む。
Claims (6)
- 椎弓根係止装置(101)であって、前記椎弓根係止装置は、その遠位部分が堆骨の堆体にめり込むように、概して背側方向から堆骨の椎弓根のうち1つを通って人または動物の堆骨(121)に埋込まれるためのものであり、椎弓根係止装置は、脊柱を安定させるための整形外科用装置を固定するための近位側の頭部(102)と、堆骨に係止することができる遠位側の軸部分(103)とを備えた装置本体を含み、該装置本体はさらに、近位端から遠位側に延在する長手方向ボア(13)と、長手方向ボアから外方に向かう少なくとも1つの孔(14,19)とを含み、椎弓根係止装置は液化可能な要素をさらに含み、前記液化可能な要素は、長手方向ボアに挿入可能であるかまたは挿入されており、近位側から衝突するエネルギの衝撃によって少なくとも部分的に液化可能であり、このため、液化した材料は、少なくとも1つの孔を通り長手方向ボアから出て、硬組織および/または硬組織置換材料の構造へと流れ込み、
軸部分(103)がねじ切りされておらず、非円形の断面を有し、
軸部分(103)が、前記椎弓根係止装置の全長にわたって10°から270°のねじれ角度で螺旋状にねじられており、
軸部分(103)のうち少なくとも一部は平らであって、2つの平坦な側部を規定しており、長手方向ボアから外方に向かう少なくとも2つの孔(14)を含み、各々の平坦な側部に前記孔(14)の1つが配置される、椎弓根係止装置。 - 頭部(102)は雌ねじを含む、請求項1に記載の椎弓根係止装置。
- 前記装置本体は、エネルギの衝突中に液化可能な要素が押当てられ得るボアの遠位端面を有する、請求項1または2に記載の椎弓根係止装置。
- 長手方向ボアから遠位端に至る軸方向に延在する付加的な遠位孔(19)を含み、遠位孔は、長手方向ボア(13)の直径よりも小さい直径を有する、請求項1または2に記載の椎弓根係止装置。
- 遠位側の端面は、液化可能な材料の別々の部分を、それぞれ、別々の孔に方向付けるよう角度を付けて構造化される、請求項1または2に記載の椎弓根係止装置。
- 椎弓根係止装置を係止するシステムであって、前記システムは、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の椎弓根係止装置と、堆骨に挿入された前記椎弓根係止装置の椎弓根係止装置本体の長手方向ボアに遠位側へ向かって押込まれる液化可能な要素と、長手方向ボアに押込まれた前記液化可能な要素にエネルギを結合する装置とを備え、前記装置は、液化可能な要素の部分を液化させ、液化した部分は少なくとも1つの孔から押出されて骨組織に押込まれ、再度凝固して付加的なアンカーを設ける、システム。
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