JP5750814B2 - 出力特性が向上した混合正極活物質及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
出力特性が向上した混合正極活物質及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 59
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVPMZCWLVVIHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Li+] BVPMZCWLVVIHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020598 Co Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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Description
[化学式1] aLi2MnO3・(1−a)LixMO2
(ここで、0<a<1であり、0.9≦x≦1.2であり、MはAl、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V及びFeからなる群で選ばれるいずれか一つの元素、又は2以上の元素が同時に適用されたものである。)
前記リチウムマンガン酸化物は、比較的大きな容量を示し、高SOC領域では出力特性もまた比較的高い方であるが、作動電圧末端、すなわち、低SOC領域では抵抗が急激に上昇し、それに応じて出力が急激に低下するとの欠点があり、初期非可逆容量が大きいという問題がある。
(充電)Li2Mn4+O3 → 2Li+ + 2e−+1/2O2 +Mn4+O2
(放電)Mn4+O2 + Li+ + e− → LiMn3+O2
[化学式1] aLi2MnO3・(1−a)LixMO2
(ここで、0<a<1であり、0.9≦x≦1.2であり、MはAl、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V及びFeからなる群で選ばれるいずれか一つの元素、又は2以上の元素が同時に適用されたものである。)
[化学式2] xMnO2・(1−x)Li2MnO3(ここで、0<a<1である。)
前記導電材は、前記混合正極活物質100重量部に対して0.5乃至15重量部含まれることを特徴とする。
下記[化学式1]で表される層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物に平坦準位を有する電圧範囲が、前記リチウムマンガン酸化物より低い第2の正極活物質を混合した混合正極材を提供する。
[化学式1] aLi2MnO3・(1−a)LixMO2
(ここで、0<a<1であり、0.9≦x≦1.2であり、MはAl、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V及びFeからなる群で選ばれるいずれか一つの元素、又は2以上の元素が同時に適用されたものである。)
(充電)Li2Mn4 +O3 → 2Li+ + 2e−+1/2O2 +Mn4 +O2
(放電)Mn4 + O2 + Li+ + e− → LiMn3 +O2
[化学式2] xMnO2・(1−x)Li2MnO3(ここで、0<x<1である。)
正極活物質であって、0.5Li2MnO3・0.5LiMn1/3Ni1/3Col/3O2(85重量%)と、0.5MnO2・0.5Li2MnO3(15重量%)からなる混合物90重量%、導電材であるデンカブラック6重量%、バインダーであるPVDF4重量%とともにNMPに添加してスラーリを作った。これを正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)箔上にコーティングして圧延及び乾燥してリチウム二次電池用正極を製造した。
前記のように製造された正極と黒鉛系負極との間に多孔性ポリエチレンの分離膜を介在して、リチウム電解液を注入し、ポリマータイプのリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として0.5Li2MnO3・0.5LiMn1/3Ni1/3Col/3O2のみを用いたことを除いては、実施例と同じである。
前記実施例及び比較例によって製造されたフルセル(full cell)リチウム二次電池に対して、4.7V〜2.0Vの電圧範囲で電池の容量とSOCによる抵抗、出力の変化を測定し、図1乃至図3に記載したものであり、非可逆容量は、下記表1に記載した。
結局、本発明によるリチウム二次電池は、高容量を有するMn−richにCDMOのような第2の正極活物質を混合することにより、低SOC区間でMn−richの低出力を補うことにより、広いSOC領域において必要出力以上に維持することができ、利用可能なSOC区間が広く安全性が向上しリチウム二次電池を提供することができることを確認した。
Claims (11)
- 下記化学式1で表されるリチウムマンガン酸化物と、及び
2.5Vないし3.3Vで平坦準位の電圧プロファイルを有する下記化学式2で表される第2の正極活物質とを含んでなる、混合正極活物質。
aLi2MnO3・(1−a)LixMO2 [化学式1]
〔前記化学式1において、
0<a<1であり、
0.9≦x≦1.2であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V及びFeからなる群から選択されてなる一又は二以上の元素が同時に適用されたものであり、Mnの含量がリチウムを除いた他の金属の含量より多い。〕
xMnO2・(1−x)Li2MnO3 [化学式2]
〔前記化学式2において、0<x<1である。〕 - 前記第2の正極活物質が、前記混合正極活物質100重量部に対して5乃至50重量部含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の混合正極活物質。
- 前記混合正極活物質が、シリーズ方式PHEV用バッテリーに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の混合正極活物質。
- 前記混合正極活物質が、EV用バッテリーに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の混合正極活物質。
- 前記混合正極活物質が、前記リチウムマンガン酸化物と第2の正極活物質以外に導電材をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の混合正極活物質。
- 前記導電材が、黒鉛及び導電性炭素からなることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の混合正極活物質。
- 前記導電性炭素が、アセチレンブラック、チャンネルブラック、ファーネスブラック、ランプブラック及びサーマルブラックからなるカーボンブラック又は結晶構造がグラフェンやグラファイトを含む物質からなる群から選ばれる一つ又はそれ以上が混合された物質であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の混合正極活物質。
- 前記導電材が、前記混合正極活物質100重量部に対して0.5乃至15重量部含まれることを特徴とする、請求項5〜7の何れか一項に記載の混合正極活物質。
- 請求項1〜8の何れか一項に記載の混合正極活物質が、集電体上に塗布されていることを特徴とする、正極。
- 請求項9による正極を備えてなることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池が、SOC20乃至40%区間での出力がSOC50%での出力対比20%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR20110014960 | 2011-02-21 | ||
KR10-2011-0014960 | 2011-02-21 | ||
PCT/KR2012/001258 WO2012115411A2 (ko) | 2011-02-21 | 2012-02-20 | 출력 특성이 향상된 혼합된 양극활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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JP2014509043A JP2014509043A (ja) | 2014-04-10 |
JP5750814B2 true JP5750814B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
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KR101515678B1 (ko) | 2011-12-07 | 2015-04-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 출력특성이 향상된 복합 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
KR101382665B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-04-07 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | 리튬이온 이차전지용 양극활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이것을 포함하는 리튬이온 이차전지 |
CN104685367B (zh) * | 2012-11-29 | 2017-09-08 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 用于估计包括混合正极材料的二次电池的功率的设备和方法 |
JP6130051B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-29 | 2017-05-17 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | エネルギー密度が向上した電極活物質及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
US10218002B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2019-02-26 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Positive electrode mix for secondary batteries including irreversible additive |
WO2015016621A1 (ko) | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법 |
KR101692795B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-31 | 2017-01-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지의 제조방법 및 이를 사용하여 제조되는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR101646994B1 (ko) | 2013-11-29 | 2016-08-10 | 울산과학기술원 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이들의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR102192085B1 (ko) | 2013-12-06 | 2020-12-16 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 양극활물질, 이를 채용한 양극과 리튬전지 및 그 제조방법 |
JP6469450B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-27 | 2019-02-13 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP6195118B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-02 | 2017-09-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池 |
CN108933242B (zh) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-12-10 | 江西迪比科股份有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池混合正极的制备方法 |
CN109301158B (zh) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-11-05 | 浙江永高电池股份有限公司 | 一种阴极浆料的制备方法 |
EP4156370A4 (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2024-08-28 | Nissan Motor | RECOVERY CONTROL METHOD FOR SECONDARY BATTERY, RECOVERY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SECONDARY BATTERY, AND VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM |
KR20240037783A (ko) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-22 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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KR20240037782A (ko) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-22 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 및 이의 작동 방법 |
KR20240066590A (ko) | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-16 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 |
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US20050048366A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-03-03 | Bowden William L. | Cathode material and method of manufacturing |
CN103762342A (zh) * | 2004-09-03 | 2014-04-30 | 芝加哥大学阿尔贡有限责任公司 | 锂电池用氧化锰复合电极 |
CN102136574B (zh) * | 2005-08-16 | 2015-08-05 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 阴极活性材料及包含该阴极活性材料的锂二次电池 |
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JP5103961B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-14 | 2012-12-19 | パナソニック株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
KR101328986B1 (ko) | 2007-06-12 | 2013-11-13 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 활물질을 포함하는 캐소드 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지 |
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US8835027B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2014-09-16 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Positive electrodes for lithium batteries |
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KR101369951B1 (ko) | 2014-03-06 |
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