JP5740466B2 - フルオロスルホニルイミド塩の製造方法 - Google Patents
フルオロスルホニルイミド塩の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5740466B2 JP5740466B2 JP2013502286A JP2013502286A JP5740466B2 JP 5740466 B2 JP5740466 B2 JP 5740466B2 JP 2013502286 A JP2013502286 A JP 2013502286A JP 2013502286 A JP2013502286 A JP 2013502286A JP 5740466 B2 JP5740466 B2 JP 5740466B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- fluorosulfonyl
- cation
- imide
- bromide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title description 60
- -1 fluorosulfonyl imide ammonium salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 529
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 44
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 41
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 35
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- NRZWQKGABZFFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsulfonium Chemical compound C[S+](C)C NRZWQKGABZFFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- REITYCXGQIGALX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical class CC[N+]1=CC=CC(C)=C1 REITYCXGQIGALX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OGLIVJFAKNJZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical class CCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 OGLIVJFAKNJZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RZWDVVAASLNVBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-4-propylmorpholin-4-ium Chemical class CCC[N+]1(C)CCOCC1 RZWDVVAASLNVBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005277 cation exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRJWRGBVPUUDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonyl isocyanate Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)N=C=O WRJWRGBVPUUDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DADKKHHMGSWSPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical class CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC(C)=C1 DADKKHHMGSWSPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNLHWTTWXYBJBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical class CCCC[N+]1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NNLHWTTWXYBJBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical class CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCOC1=O VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CC1COCO1 SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical class NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Cs+] LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NFCRBQADEGXVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 NFCRBQADEGXVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 2
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHYNXXDQQHTCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JHYNXXDQQHTCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003784 fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEHBURLTIWGHEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinium chlorochromate Chemical compound [O-][Cr](Cl)(=O)=O.C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 LEHBURLTIWGHEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Rb+] JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Rb+] FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NRWCNEBHECBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(propyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC[N+](C)(C)C NRWCNEBHECBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-O trimethylammonium Chemical compound C[NH+](C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWXUAJJMSQGND-UHFFFAOYSA-M (1-ethylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methanol;ethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS([O-])(=O)=O.CC[N+]1=CC=CC(CO)=C1 CIWXUAJJMSQGND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FWBSWSPGFNAXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M (2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWBSWSPGFNAXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VRAAQIWOSHYDHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M (2-chlorophenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].ClC1=CC=CC=C1C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VRAAQIWOSHYDHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VJVZPTPOYCJFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-M (2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(=O)OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 VJVZPTPOYCJFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FKKZGQXMWVGPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].OC1=CC=CC=C1C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FKKZGQXMWVGPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCWBQLMDSMSVRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M (2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 VCWBQLMDSMSVRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RAHOAHBOOHXRDY-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4-chlorophenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RAHOAHBOOHXRDY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MZBKKJRCQNVENM-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZBKKJRCQNVENM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- SXYFAZGVNNYGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCl)C1=CC=CC=C1 SXYFAZGVNNYGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Cu+2] GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ARPLQAMUUDIHIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanomethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ARPLQAMUUDIHIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HCKMSHYCAFVSGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C1CCCCC1 HCKMSHYCAFVSGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMJKBSXAXLLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyclohexyl(trimethyl)azanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)C1CCCCC1 AMJKBSXAXLLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MMQWEMMTKXBCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyclohexyl(trimethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C1CCCCC1 MMQWEMMTKXBCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OXGUSHVFNQIABV-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyclohexyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C1CCCCC1 OXGUSHVFNQIABV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BOJVBUAAMUYEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyclohexyl(trimethyl)azanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[N+](C)(C)C1CCCCC1 BOJVBUAAMUYEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ULCLAZIZQKZJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyclohexyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydron;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C[N+](C)(C)C1CCCCC1 ULCLAZIZQKZJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GWEYVXCWRZZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyclohexyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C1CCCCC1 GWEYVXCWRZZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HMKDAISOYWVXCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyclohexyl(trimethyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C1CCCCC1 HMKDAISOYWVXCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XMPWFKHMCNRJCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyclopropyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1CC1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMPWFKHMCNRJCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazenium Chemical compound [NH2+]=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical compound [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVJGXASKFYUUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC AVJGXASKFYUUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HVXWWBWNJNDMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC HVXWWBWNJNDMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORBIYPATJRMROW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC ORBIYPATJRMROW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZHMXZWGOZSQOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC KZHMXZWGOZSQOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FHMRGLJKAZCYET-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC FHMRGLJKAZCYET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JLFVMLUGHPBHAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC JLFVMLUGHPBHAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000006001 difluoroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VRAYVWUMBAJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethenyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 VRAYVWUMBAJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLAFUPJSGFVWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 SLAFUPJSGFVWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005817 fluorobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005816 fluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OFZKYQYOBLPIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=N OFZKYQYOBLPIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(N)=[NH2+] PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCZSOHSGMBVYFW-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 WCZSOHSGMBVYFW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWDFZWZPWFYFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 PWDFZWZPWFYFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BEGQGLXNDYZRLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C[N+](C)(C)CCO BEGQGLXNDYZRLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QZOFFMRDIRXGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;4-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylpyridine;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].C1=CC=CC=[N+]1C1=CC=NC=C1 QZOFFMRDIRXGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HNWWAWKDVFVJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;6-hydroxy-1h-pyridin-2-one;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OC1=CC=CC(=O)N1 HNWWAWKDVFVJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWSPFHZPVVWJCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;methyl(trioctyl)azanium;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC MWSPFHZPVVWJCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VIPHVHVAGBKHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride;chloride Chemical compound Cl.ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 VIPHVHVAGBKHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNTRVUUJBGBGLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;pyridine-4-carbonyl chloride;chloride Chemical compound Cl.ClC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 BNTRVUUJBGBGLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNSSMACLOIPZBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;trimethyl(propyl)azanium;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.CCC[N+](C)(C)C DNSSMACLOIPZBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RCBVKBFIWMOMHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy-(hydroxy(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium;pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1.O[Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O RCBVKBFIWMOMHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QBZXOWQOWPHHRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;ethane Chemical compound [Li+].[CH2-]C QBZXOWQOWPHHRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKZFRMNXBLFDNN-UHFFFAOYSA-K meso-tetrakis(n-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine tetrakis(p-toluenesulfonate) Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(N=1)=C(C=1C=C[N+](C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N1)C(C=1C=C[N+](C)=CC=1)=C1C=CC(N1)=C1C=2C=C[N+](C)=CC=2)=C2N=C1C=C2 AKZFRMNXBLFDNN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SJFNDMHZXCUXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-M methoxymethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(COC)C1=CC=CC=C1 SJFNDMHZXCUXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NGEAJXXGUZQCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl 1-ethylpyridin-1-ium-4-carboxylate;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+]1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 NGEAJXXGUZQCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GVXHSMAJJFVLGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)N=C2C(C(=O)OC)=CSC2=C1C(F)(F)F GVXHSMAJJFVLGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPJMVXJOGCCDPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(trioctyl)azanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZPJMVXJOGCCDPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NVVLMKLCGJCBMM-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(trioctyl)azanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC NVVLMKLCGJCBMM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZFIUCZXOGNIMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(trioctyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZFIUCZXOGNIMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSEFCHWGJNHZNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LSEFCHWGJNHZNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JNMIXMFEVJHFNY-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JNMIXMFEVJHFNY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- VDCLSGXZVUDARN-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular bromine;pyridine;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.BrBr.C1=CC=NC=C1 VDCLSGXZVUDARN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEOQPNRYUCROGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylbutan-1-amine;hydrobromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[NH+](CCCC)CCCC ZEOQPNRYUCROGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBXMWVQMHYGKQY-UHFFFAOYSA-M n,n-diethyl-4-[(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)diazenyl]aniline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1 FBXMWVQMHYGKQY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SYSMUNIWXNOGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M n,n-diethyl-4-[[1-[(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]pyridin-1-ium-4-yl]diazenyl]aniline;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1N=NC(C=C1)=CC=[N+]1CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 SYSMUNIWXNOGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NPZHJIVCTBHAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M n,n-dimethyl-1-tritylpyridin-1-ium-4-amine;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=[N+]1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPZHJIVCTBHAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NTDJWYOOOCEBTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-4-amine;hydrobromide Chemical compound [Br-].CN(C)C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 NTDJWYOOOCEBTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOYSMPXSEXYEJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalen-1-ylmethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MOYSMPXSEXYEJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JDRCAGKFDGHRNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(3+) Chemical compound [Ni+3] JDRCAGKFDGHRNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical class CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L paraquat dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1 FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VAUKWMSXUKODHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M pentyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 VAUKWMSXUKODHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005008 perfluoropentyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- AEHDSYHVTDJGDN-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenacyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AEHDSYHVTDJGDN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIGSLXSBYYMVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pralidoxime chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1\C=N\O HIGSLXSBYYMVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N protonated dimethyl amine Natural products CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NDRLPYIMWROJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M pyridin-1-ium-1-amine;iodide Chemical compound [I-].N[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 NDRLPYIMWROJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BBFCIBZLAVOLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound Br.C1=CC=NC=C1 BBFCIBZLAVOLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWVYZMVYXAVAKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F YWVYZMVYXAVAKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRKMAJIKIXINSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-yl acetate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=N1 VRKMAJIKIXINSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCTGJJZEWJRHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-3-yl acetate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=O)OC1=CC=CN=C1 PCTGJJZEWJRHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFAFXVOPGDBAOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-carbonyloxidanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 HFAFXVOPGDBAOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002151 pyridostigmine bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004172 pyridoxine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019171 pyridoxine hydrochloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011764 pyridoxine hydrochloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004023 quaternary phosphonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XMVJITFPVVRMHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N roxarsone Chemical group OC1=CC=C([As](O)(O)=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O XMVJITFPVVRMHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCCSSGKUIKYAJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium(1+) Chemical compound [Rb+] NCCSSGKUIKYAJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVKZDIDATLDTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneeuropium Chemical compound [Eu]=S RVKZDIDATLDTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IBWGNZVCJVLSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC IBWGNZVCJVLSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DFQPZDGUFQJANM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DFQPZDGUFQJANM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAUOXRUBCACRRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylphosphane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCP DAUOXRUBCACRRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIXPXSXEKKHIRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[P+](CC)(CC)CC LIXPXSXEKKHIRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AEFPPQGZJFTXDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AEFPPQGZJFTXDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WAGFXJQAIZNSEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WAGFXJQAIZNSEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical class NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- SABIECHYMHKXJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1OCCO1 SABIECHYMHKXJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JCHWNYYARSRCKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(cyanomethyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC#N JCHWNYYARSRCKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ABJGUZZWSKMTEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(dodecyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC ABJGUZZWSKMTEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYVBINGWVJJDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(hexadecyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RYVBINGWVJJDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RLZMYANQLOCZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[P+](C)(CCCC)CCCC RLZMYANQLOCZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UJMLRSWRUXXZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(octyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC UJMLRSWRUXXZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-O tributylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH+](CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- KLBOFRLEHJAXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC KLBOFRLEHJAXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTLTGGGUQIRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[NH+](CC)CC NRTLTGGGUQIRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZCCRNNBFOWIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(propoxy)azanium Chemical compound CCCO[N+](C)(C)C AZCCRNNBFOWIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCGQIZKUTMUWDC-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(propyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](C)(C)C FCGQIZKUTMUWDC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OLNCQUXQEJCISO-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(propyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](C)(C)C OLNCQUXQEJCISO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PBVRVFGGNJUBSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(propyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](C)(C)C PBVRVFGGNJUBSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SZYJELPVAFJOGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN(C)C SZYJELPVAFJOGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound Br.CN(C)C AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXZYPOSEOPBJMW-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(2-trimethylsilylethyl)phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NXZYPOSEOPBJMW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PBSHVEOONSKWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(3-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC#C[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PBSHVEOONSKWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FWYKRJUVEOBFGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(prop-2-enyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWYKRJUVEOBFGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FKMJROWWQOJRJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(prop-2-enyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FKMJROWWQOJRJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AFZDAWIXETXKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(prop-2-ynyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC#C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AFZDAWIXETXKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HHBXWXJLQYJJBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(propan-2-yl)phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHBXWXJLQYJJBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XMQSELBBYSAURN-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(propyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMQSELBBYSAURN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUMBGFNGBMYHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FUMBGFNGBMYHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- APIBROGXENTUGB-ZUQRMPMESA-M triphenyl-[(e)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 APIBROGXENTUGB-ZUQRMPMESA-M 0.000 description 1
- OOACLPDZHDFCQP-LLIZZRELSA-L triphenyl-[(e)-4-triphenylphosphaniumylbut-2-enyl]phosphanium;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C\C=C\C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OOACLPDZHDFCQP-LLIZZRELSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc fluoride Chemical compound F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C311/48—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/087—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals containing one or more hydrogen atoms
- C01B21/092—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals containing one or more hydrogen atoms containing also one or more metal atoms
- C01B21/0923—Metal imides or amides
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/087—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals containing one or more hydrogen atoms
- C01B21/093—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals containing one or more hydrogen atoms containing also one or more sulfur atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/36—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids
- C07C303/40—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids by reactions not involving the formation of sulfonamide groups
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
本願は、2011年3月3日に、日本に出願された特願2011−046738号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
特許文献2には、ジ(クロロスルホニル)イミドとオニウム化合物とを反応させてクロロスルホニルイミドオニウム塩を得、これと第11族〜第15族、第4周期〜第6周期の元素(但し、砒素およびアンチモンは除く)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含むフッ化物とを反応させることによってビス[ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミド]オニウム塩を合成する方法が開示されている。特許文献2に記載の製法で用いられるフッ化物として、フッ化亜鉛(ZnF2)、フッ化銅(CuF2)、フッ化ビスマス(BiF2)などが開示されている。これらはいずれも常温固体の物質である。
また、非特許文献2または3には、三フッ化ヒ素(AsF3)、三フッ化アンチモン(SbF3)をフッ素化剤として用いてジ(クロロスルホニル)イミドからジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを合成する方法が開示されている。
特許文献2に記載の合成法では、前記フッ化物由来の金属元素が電解質の特性を低下させるので、フッ化物由来の金属元素を取り除くことが必要である。当該金属元素を完全に除去するためには、煩雑な精製操作を行わなければならない。
非特許文献2または3に記載の合成法に使用されるAsF3は比較的に高価である。AsおよびSbはいずれも高い毒性を有する元素であるので、作業性に難がある。特にAsF3を用いる合成法では、目的生成物との分離が困難な化合物が副生する。そのため、非特許文献2または3に開示される合成法は工業的生産に不適である。
(1) 式〔I〕で表される化合物(以下、化合物〔I〕と表記することがある。)と、式〔III〕で表されるフッ素化剤(以下、フッ素化剤〔III〕と表記することがある。)とを反応させて得られた式〔II〕で表されるフルオロスルホニルイミドアンモニウム塩(以下、化合物〔II〕と表記することがある。)に、アルカリ金属水酸化物を反応させることを含む式〔IV〕で表されるフルオロスルホニルイミド塩(以下、化合物〔IV〕と表記することがある。)の製造方法。
本発明に係る化合物〔II〕の製造方法は、化合物〔I〕と、フッ素化剤〔III〕とを反応させることを含むものである。
また、N−(クロロスルホニル)−N−(フルオロアルキルスルホニル)イミドは、クロロスルホニルイソシアネートとフッ化アルキルスルホン酸との反応や、フッ化アルキルスルホニルイソシアネートとクロロスルホン酸との反応などによって得ることができる。
NH4F HF、NH4F 2HF、NH4F 3HF、NH4F 4HFなどは、無水フッ化水素に任意の割合でアンモニアを通じて得ることができるし、フッ化水素酸(水溶液)にアンモニア水溶液を混合し、水を蒸発濃縮して得ることもできる。また、NH4Fを熱分解して得ることができる。更に、NH4F HF、NH4F 2HF、NH4F 3HFに無水フッ化水素を通じて得ることができる。
フッ素化剤〔III〕の使用量は、化合物〔I〕1モルに対して、好ましくは1モル〜20モル、より好ましくは1モル〜10モル、さらに好ましくは1モル〜5モルである。
当該有機溶媒は脱水して使用することが好ましい。水が存在すると、化合物〔I〕が分解しやすくなるので、収率が低下するおそれがある。
式〔II〕で表される化合物の具体例としては、ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(ペルフルオロ−n−プロピルスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩などを挙げることができる。これらのうちジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩が好ましい。
本発明に係る化合物〔IV〕の製造方法は、前記製造方法によって得られる化合物〔II〕に、金属化合物、オニウム化合物および有機アミン化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を反応(以下、カチオン交換反応と表記することがある。)させることを含むものである。
アルカリ金属化合物の使用量は、化合物〔II〕1モルに対して、好ましくは1モル〜10モル、より好ましくは1モル〜5モルである。
メチルピリジニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホナート、ジラール試薬P、1−ヘキサデシル−4−メチルピリジニウムクロリド水和物、ヘキサデシルピリジニウムブロミド水和物、ヘキサデシルピリジニウムクロリド一水和物、イソニコチノイルクロリド塩酸塩、MDEPAP、1−メチルピリジニウム−2−アルドキシムクロリド、1−メチルピリジニウムクロリド、NDEPAP、1−オクタデシル−4−(4−フェニル−1,3−ブタジエニル)ピリジニウムブロミド、
ピペリジニウム化合物の具体例としては、1−ブチル−1−メチルピペリジニウムブロミドなどを挙げることができる。
モルホリニウム化合物の具体例としては、4−プロピル−4−メチルモルホリニウムクロリド、4−(2−メトキシエチル)−4−メチルモルホリニウムクロリド、4−プロピル−4−メチルモルホリニウムブロミド、4−(2−メトキシエチル)−4−メチルモルホリニウムブロミド、4−プロピル−4−メチルモルホリニウムヒドロキシド、4−(2−メトキシエチル)−4−メチルモルホリニウムヒドロキシドなどを挙げることができる。
また、ホスホニウムカチオンを誘導できる、トリメチルホスフィン、トリエチルホスフィン、トリブチルホスフィン、トリフェニルホスフィンなどの有機ホスフィン化合物などを挙げることができる。
これらのうち、三級アミン、環状アミンが好ましい。三級アミン、環状アミンを用いると、カチオン交換反応ではアンモニアが副生するので、このアンモニアを減圧除去することによって平衡を反応が促進させる状態にすることができる。三級アミン塩、環状アミン塩を用いると副生する無機塩を濾過や水洗で除去できるので容易に精製することができる。
反応は、常圧下でも実施可能であるが、カチオン交換時に水酸化物イオンを有する化合物を使用する場合、減圧下で実施すると副生するアンモニアが除去され、平衡が偏り、目的物が合成しやすい。減圧する場合、反応圧力は特に限定されないが、大気圧〜0.01torr、が好ましく、0℃〜100℃で溶媒が還流する程度の減圧度がより好ましい。
反応容器はガラスでもフッ素樹脂やポリエチレン製等の樹脂製でも問題ないが、式〔III〕で表されるフッ素化剤のpが1以上の場合、ガラス製であると収率低下するため、樹脂製が好ましく、フッ素樹脂製がより好ましい。
ジメチルアンモニウムカチオン、ジエチルアンモニウムカチオン、ジブチルアンモニウムカチオンなどの2級アンモニウムカチオン;
メチルアンモニウムカチオン、エチルアンモニウムカチオン、ブチルアンモニウムカチオン、ヘキシルアンモニウムカチオン、オクチルアンモニウムカチオンなどの1級アンモニウムカチオン;
1−プロピル−1−メチルピペリジニウムカチオン、1−(2−メトキシエチル)−1−メチルピペリジニウムカチオンなどのピペリジニウムカチオン;
1−プロピル−1−メチルピロリジニウムカチオン、1−ブチル−1−メチルピロリジニウムカチオン、1−ヘキシル−1−メチルピロリジニウムカチオン、1−オクチル−1−メチルピロリジニウムカチオンなどのピロリジニウムカチオン;
4−プロピル−4−メチルモルホリニウムカチオン、4−(2−メトキシエチル)−4−メチルモルホリニウムカチオンなどのモルホリニウムカチオン;
2−エチル−1,3,5−トリメチルピラゾリウムカチオン、2−プロピル−1,3,5−トリメチルピラゾリウムカチオン、2−ブチル−1,3,5−トリメチルピラゾリウムカチオン、2−ヘキシル−1,3,5−トリメチルピラゾリウムカチオンなどのピラゾリウムカチオン;
トリメチルスルホニウムカチオンなどのスルホニウムカチオン;
トリヘキシルテトラデシルホスホニウムカチオンなどのホスホニウムカチオン;
2−エチル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルイソウロニウムカチオンなどのイソウロニウムカチオン;および
2−エチル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルイソチオウロニウムカチオンなどのイソチオウロニウムカチオン;を挙げることができる。
ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミド1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)イミド1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(ペルフルオロ−n−プロピルスルホニル)イミド1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム塩;
ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミド1−オクチルピリジニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド1−オクチルピリジニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)イミド1−オクチルピリジニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(ペルフルオロ−n−プロピルスルホニル)イミド1−オクチルピリジニウム塩; ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミド1−エチル−3−メチルピリジニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド1−エチル−3−メチルピリジニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)イミド1−エチル−3−メチルピリジニウム塩、N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(ペルフルオロ−n−プロピルスルホニル)イミド1−エチル−3−メチルピリジニウム塩;
(ジ(クロロスルホニル)イミドの合成)
攪拌器、温度計および還流管を取り付けた500mlの反応容器に、クロロスルホン酸(ClSO3H)123.9g(1.10mol)、クロロスルホニルイソシアネート98.1g(0.70mol)を仕込んだ。この混合液を撹拌下で2.5時間かけて130℃まで昇温し、同温度で9時間反応させた。反応終了後、減圧蒸留を行って98.5℃〜101℃/4.2torrの留分を分取した。ジ(クロロスルホニル)イミドが無色透明な液状物として77.9g(0.36mol)得られた。
(ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩の合成)
フッ素樹脂製反応容器に、合成例1で得られたジ(クロロスルホニル)イミド1.07g(5.0mmol)を仕込んだ。これにアセトニトリル10mlおよびNH4F0.89g(24.0mmol)を添加し、80〜84℃で4時間還流して反応させた。反応終了後、室温に冷却し、不溶物を濾過し、アセトニトリル10mlで洗浄した。次いで、溶媒を減圧下で留去した。得られた物質を19F−NMRで定量分析したところ、ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩0.95g(4.8mmol)を含有していることを確認した。
(ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩の合成)
フッ素樹脂製反応容器に、合成例1で得られたジ(クロロスルホニル)イミド1.07g(5.0mmol)を仕込んだ。これにアセトニトリル10mlおよびNH4F HF1.37g(24.0mmol)を添加し、80〜84℃で4時間還流して反応させた。反応終了後、室温に冷却し、不溶物を濾過し、アセトニトリル10mlで洗浄した。次いで、溶媒を減圧下で留去した。得られた物質を19F−NMRで定量分析したところ、ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩0.94g(4.8mmol)を含有していることを確認した。
(ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドカリウム塩の合成)
反応容器に、ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩1.98g(10.0mmol)、酢酸ブチル10ml、および水酸化カリウム1.40g(25.0mmol)の20%水溶液を仕込み、65torr、37℃で1時間還流した。反応液を25℃に冷却した。その後、分液し、水相を酢酸ブチル10mlで3回抽出した。各抽出操作において得られた有機相を混ぜ合わせ、減圧下で溶媒を留去した。ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドカリウム塩1.93gが得られた。陽イオンクロマトで定量分析した結果、生成物のすべては、カリウム塩であり、アンモニウムイオンを含まないものであった。
(ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドリチウム塩の合成)
ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩3.8g(18.9mmol)に、酢酸ブチル38ml、水酸化リチウム・1水和物2.4g(56.7mmol)および水14.3mlを添加し、75torr、40℃で1時間加熱還流した。反応液を25℃に冷却した。その後、分液し、水相を酢酸ブチル19mlで3回抽出した。各抽出操作において得られた有機相を混ぜ合わせ、水1.5mlで洗浄した。その後、減圧下で溶媒を留去した。ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドリチウム塩3.4gが得られた。陽イオンクロマトで定量分析した結果、生成物のすべてがリチウム塩であり、アンモニウムイオンを含まないものであった。
(ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドナトリウム塩の合成)
ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアンモニウム塩15.8g(79.8mmol)に、酢酸ブチル160ml、および水酸化ナトリウム40.0g(200.0mmol)の20%水溶液を添加し、65torr、37℃で1時間加熱還流した。反応液を25℃に冷却した。その後、分液し、水相を酢酸ブチル80mlで3回抽出した。各抽出操作において得られた有機相を混ぜ合わせ、減圧下で溶媒を留去した。これに塩化メチレン80mlを添加し、室温で15分間撹拌した。その後、結晶を濾別した。得られた結晶を塩化メチレン80mlで洗浄し、室温で減圧乾燥させた。ジ(フルオロスルホニル)イミドナトリウム塩13.4gが得られた。陽イオンクロマトで定量分析した結果、生成物のすべてがナトリウム塩であり、アンモニウムイオンを含まないものであった。
Claims (1)
- 式〔I〕:
で表される化合物と、式〔III〕:
で表されるフッ素化剤とを反応させて得られた、式〔II〕:
で表される、フルオロスルホニルイミドアンモニウム塩に、
アルカリ金属水酸化物を、減圧下で反応させることを含む、式〔IV〕:
で表されるフルオロスルホニルイミド塩の製造方法。
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TW201240954A (en) | 2012-10-16 |
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CA2826547A1 (en) | 2012-09-07 |
EP3170789B1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
EP2660196A4 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
JP2015157758A (ja) | 2015-09-03 |
EP2660196B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
KR20150061024A (ko) | 2015-06-03 |
CA2826547C (en) | 2016-03-22 |
JP5886998B2 (ja) | 2016-03-16 |
WO2012117961A1 (ja) | 2012-09-07 |
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SG192219A1 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
US9096502B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
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EP2660196A1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
ES2634678T3 (es) | 2017-09-28 |
EP3170789A1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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