JP5632926B2 - スチレンの重合方法 - Google Patents
スチレンの重合方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5632926B2 JP5632926B2 JP2012542502A JP2012542502A JP5632926B2 JP 5632926 B2 JP5632926 B2 JP 5632926B2 JP 2012542502 A JP2012542502 A JP 2012542502A JP 2012542502 A JP2012542502 A JP 2012542502A JP 5632926 B2 JP5632926 B2 JP 5632926B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- initiator
- polymerization
- suspension
- styrene
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 68
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical class N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- DEIGXXQKDWULML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane Chemical group BrC1CCC(Br)C(Br)CCC(Br)C(Br)CCC1Br DEIGXXQKDWULML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 dibromoisopropyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PYOIYKRKAHYOKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-(bromomethyl)benzene Chemical compound BrCC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br PYOIYKRKAHYOKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QWVBGCWRHHXMRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecoxycarbonyloxy hexadecyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC QWVBGCWRHHXMRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FJNNYLPBIOZVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-tribromo-4-prop-2-enoxybenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(OCC=C)C(Br)=C1Br FJNNYLPBIOZVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YUAPUIKGYCAHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromo-3-(2,3-dibromopropoxy)propane Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COCC(Br)CBr YUAPUIKGYCAHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CKKGTMNFVQFNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3a,7a-dibromo-2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCCC2(Br)C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C21Br CKKGTMNFVQFNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SDBIAXCGWMZVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3a,7a-dibromo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCCC2(Br)C(=O)NC(=O)C21Br SDBIAXCGWMZVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PTOFYLCZJJRQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dibromo-2-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C(Br)C(Br)CC2C(=O)N(CC(Br)CBr)C(=O)C21 PTOFYLCZJJRQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GTKAGLSURYOSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) 3,4,5,6-tetrabromobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COC(=O)C1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1C(=O)OCC(Br)CBr GTKAGLSURYOSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012933 diacyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004978 peroxycarbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005634 peroxydicarbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 17
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FIYMNUNPPYABMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-chloro-1h-indole Chemical compound C=1C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FIYMNUNPPYABMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HGTUJZTUQFXBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dimethyl-3-phenylbutan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HGTUJZTUQFXBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGXJDMCMYLEZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C(C)(C)C HGXJDMCMYLEZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSLFISVKRDQEBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC1(OOC(C)(C)C)CCCCC1 HSLFISVKRDQEBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCNDOQHYOIISTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-tert-butylperoxypropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C CCNDOQHYOIISTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQOVXPHOJANJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(CC)OOC(C)(C)C HQOVXPHOJANJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUOYRBYBTJDAOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C MUOYRBYBTJDAOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPGYCJUCJYUHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yloxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C DPGYCJUCJYUHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTCRKQHJUYBQTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylbutan-2-yloxy carbonate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)OOC(C)(C)CC HTCRKQHJUYBQTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQKYLAIZOGOPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C AQKYLAIZOGOPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFXDUNDBQDXPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-yl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CC IFXDUNDBQDXPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCEJCSULJQNRQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)C#N RCEJCSULJQNRQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFGFVPMRLOQXNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(=O)OOC(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C KFGFVPMRLOQXNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical group [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUIBLDFFVYKUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexan-2-yl] 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC JUIBLDFFVYKUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000337 buffer salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoyl decaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J dimagnesium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002081 peroxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical group [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- YSZNUHRXPULUMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzene;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O YSZNUHRXPULUMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXYJPVZMZBJJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylbutaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C KXYJPVZMZBJJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFBLRDXPNUJYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C PFBLRDXPNUJYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSKKAINPUYTTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecoxycarbonyloxy tetradecyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CSKKAINPUYTTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/18—Suspension polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F112/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F112/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F112/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F112/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F112/08—Styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
本発明による方法は、水性懸濁液中でのスチレンモノマーの重合を含む。
本発明による方法における使用に好適な臭素化難燃剤は、ヘキサブロモシクロドデカン(HBCD)、ペンタブロモベンジルブロミド、テトラブロモビスフェニルAビス(アリルエーテル)、テトラブロモビスフェニルAビス(2,3−ジブロモプロピルエーテル)、ジブロモヘキサヒドロフタルイミド、N−メチル−ジブロモヘキサヒドロフタルイミド、N,N−2,3−ジブロモプロピル−4,5−ジブロモヘキサヒドロフタルイミド、ビス(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)テトラブロモフタレート、トリス(2,3−ジブロモイソプロピル)−イソシアヌレート、トリブロモフェニルアリルエーテル、及び臭素化スチレン(コ)ポリマーである。好ましい臭素化難燃剤の例は、ペンタブロモベンジルブロミド、テトラブロモビスフェニルAビス(アリルエーテル)、トリス(2,3−ジブロモイソプロピル)−イソシアヌレート、及び臭素化スチレン(コ)ポリマーである。
本発明による方法においては、開始剤は、少なくとも60℃の温度に加熱された後に、重合懸濁液に供給する。好ましくは、重合懸濁液は、開始剤を供給する前に、少なくとも75℃、より好ましくは少なくとも80℃に加熱しておく。
ポリスチレンを発泡性にするために、発泡剤の導入が必要である。発泡剤は、本発明の方法において水性懸濁液に添加でき、又はポリスチレンの調製後のより後の段階で、生成ポリスチレンに前記発泡剤を含浸させることによって若しくは発泡剤の存在下での生成ポリスチレンの押出によって、添加できる。
得られるポリスチレンの断熱値(insulation value)を改善するために、炭素微粒子(例えば、カーボンブラック)を重合懸濁液に添加できる。
種々の他の成分、例えば、懸濁安定剤(例えば、リン酸三カルシウム、ピロリン酸マグネシウム、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、過硫酸塩、亜硫酸水素塩、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン)、緩衝塩、成核剤(例えば、ポリエチレンワックス)、界面活性剤、連鎖移動剤、保護コロイド、防汚剤、pH緩衝剤などを、重合懸濁液に添加してもよい。これらの添加剤の総重量は、好ましくは、全てのモノマーの総重量に基づき、最高20重量%である。
本発明による方法から得られるポリスチレンは、好ましくは、140,000から300,000ダルトン、より好ましくは160,000から280,000ダルトン、最も好ましくは180,000から260,000ダルトンの範囲の重量平均分子量Mwを有する。
本発明による方法は、予備重合プロセスの使用及び種粒子の添加を必要としないことに留意する。しかし、それが望ましい場合には、ポリマー粒子、特に初期の重合バッチに由来する望ましくない粒径の粒子は、再循環させることができる。使用する場合には、粒子は好ましくは、所望の温度への重合懸濁液の加熱前又は加熱中にモノマー中に溶解させる。好ましいのは、スチレンモノマー中の0.5〜30重量%、最も好ましくは3〜20重量%のポリスチレンの添加である。
従来型の重合
バッフル、3枚羽根車、圧力変換器及び窒素パージを備えた1リットルのステンレス鋼製反応器に、リン酸三カルシウム1.25gを装入した。続いて、ベンゼンドデシルスルホン酸ナトリウム20mgを含有する水性溶液260gを、反応器に添加し、約5分間撹拌した。ジベンゾイルペルオキシド(Akzo Nobel製のPerkadox(登録商標)L−W75;1.00meq/100gスチレン)、tert−ブチルペルオキシ2−エチルヘキシルカーボネート(Akzo Nobel製のTrigonox(登録商標)117;0.46meq/100g合計スチレン)、並びに場合によってヘキサブロモシクロドデカン(HBCD)及びジクミルペルオキシド(Akzo NobelからのPerkadox(登録商標)BC;スチレンの合計重量に基づき0.2%)の溶液を、スチレン250g中で生成し、反応器に装入した。Trigonox(登録商標)117は、二次開始剤として働き、一般的により高温で開始を引き起こした。Perkadox(登録商標)BCは、難燃助剤として働き、これはHBCDとの組み合わせとしてのみ添加した。
以下を除き、上述したものと同じ装置及び成分を使用した。全ての成分を含むが開始剤を含まない反応混合物を110℃に加熱した。温度が85℃に達したときに、ジベンゾイルペルオキシド(Perkadox(登録商標)L−W40)の供給を開始した。過酸化物(1meqジベンゾイルペルオキシド/スチレン100gの懸濁液)を、一定の期間(供給時間)、蠕動ポンプを使用して反応器に連続的に供給した。次いで、ペンタン及び二次開始剤、Trigonox(登録商標)117を添加し、反応混合物を130℃に加熱し、上述のようにして手順を終えた。
1リットル撹拌式反応器に、リン酸三カルシウム1.125g、0.2重量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム溶液(Nacconol 90G)10g、及び水365gを装入した。この混合物を500rpmで5分間撹拌した。次に、スチレン228.26g中のジクミルペルオキシド(Perkadox(登録商標)BC−FFF)0.550g及びヘキサブロモシクロドデカン(HBCD)1.663gの溶液を、反応器に添加し、温度を45分かけて90℃に上昇させた。温度が90℃に達したときに、黒鉛(Graphit Kropfmuhl AG)2.5g、及びジベンゾイルペルオキシド(Perkadox L−W75)1.097gのスチレン21.74g中溶液を添加し、温度を6時間90℃に維持した。最後に、温度を45分かけて25℃に低下させた。
ジベンゾイルペルオキシド(Perkadox(登録商標)L−W75)の添加方法を除いて、手順は実施例8と同様とした。本実施例において、ジベンゾイルペルオキシド(1.097gをスチレン21.74g中に溶解)を2時間、均一な時間間隔で12の部分に分けて反応混合物に添加した。この添加は、温度が90℃に達したときに開始した。開始剤の全量を添加後、温度をさらに4時間90℃に維持し、次いで45分かけて反応器を25℃に冷却した。
Claims (11)
- a)スチレンモノマーを含む重合懸濁液を少なくとも60℃の温度に加熱するステップと、
b)重合反応中に、前記加熱された重合懸濁液に、開始剤を連続的に又は少なくとも2つの部分に分けて断続的に2〜4時間の期間にわたって供給するステップと
を含む、ポリスチレンを製造するためのスチレンモノマーの懸濁重合方法であって、
前記期間がモノマー転化率65%以下から始まり、前記開始剤がその供給温度において60分以下の半減期を有し、重合反応中に重合懸濁液中に臭素化難燃剤が存在する、懸濁重合方法。 - 加熱された重合懸濁液に、開始剤を連続的に供給する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 加熱された重合懸濁液に、開始剤を少なくとも20の部分に分けて断続的に供給する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記期間が、モノマー転化率0%から始まる、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記臭素化難燃剤が、ヘキサブロモシクロドデカン(HBCD)、ペンタブロモベンジルブロミド、テトラブロモビスフェニルAビス(アリルエーテル)、テトラブロモビスフェニルAビス(2,3−ジブロモプロピルエーテル)、ジブロモヘキサヒドロフタルイミド、N−メチル−ジブロモヘキサヒドロフタルイミド、N,N−2,3−ジブロモプロピル−4,5−ジブロモヘキサヒドロフタルイミド、ビス(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)テトラブロモフタレート、トリス(2,3−ジブロモイソプロピル)イソシアヌレート、トリブロモフェニルアリルエーテル、及び臭素化スチレン(コ)ポリマーからなる群から選択される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 重合懸濁液が微粒炭素を含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 発泡剤を重合懸濁液に添加する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 開始剤が、ペルオキシジカーボネート、ペルオキシカーボネート、ペルオキシエステル、ペルオキシケタール、ジアシルペルオキシド、ジアルキルペルオキシド、ケトンペルオキシド、及びアゾ開始剤からなる群から選択される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 開始剤が、ジベンゾイルペルオキシド、ジセチルペルオキシジカーボネート、tert−ブチル−ペルオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート、2,2’−アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 重合反応を60〜160℃の範囲の温度で実施する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 開始剤を水性分散液の形態で供給する、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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WO2016005973A1 (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-14 | Bromine Compounds Ltd. | Preparation of bromine-containing polymers and their application as flame retardants |
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JP2013513680A (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
MX339691B (es) | 2016-06-06 |
WO2011069983A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
CN102639569B (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
CN102639569A (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
CA2779995A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
AU2010329986A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
KR20120117980A (ko) | 2012-10-25 |
TWI507421B (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
MY161062A (en) | 2017-04-14 |
US20120245315A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
TW201134835A (en) | 2011-10-16 |
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