JP5632119B2 - 多分岐ポリマーのプロドラッグ - Google Patents
多分岐ポリマーのプロドラッグ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5632119B2 JP5632119B2 JP2006527105A JP2006527105A JP5632119B2 JP 5632119 B2 JP5632119 B2 JP 5632119B2 JP 2006527105 A JP2006527105 A JP 2006527105A JP 2006527105 A JP2006527105 A JP 2006527105A JP 5632119 B2 JP5632119 B2 JP 5632119B2
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- poly
- branched polymer
- polymer
- polymer prodrug
- compound
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Description
一つの側面において、本発明は水溶性のプロドラッグを提供する。本発明のプロドラッグは、3つ以上の分枝であって、少なくともそのうちの三つが活性物質、例えば小分子に共有結合しているものを有する水溶性のポリマーを含んで成る。本発明の複合体は、3つ以上の活性物質であって、好ましくは放出可能なように水溶性ポリマーに付着したものを有するため、薬物負荷の改善を達成するのに最適なポリマーサイズと構造のバランスを提供するものである。1つの態様において、水溶性のポリマーの各分岐は、それと共有結合した活性物質を有しており、好ましくは当該結合は加水分解可能な連結による。
あるいは、R2とR3が共に、又はR3とR4が共に置換型あるいは非置換型のメチレンジオキシ、エチレンジオキシ、又はエチレンオキシであり、R6はH またはOR’(ここで、R'はアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロアルキルまたはヒドロキシアルキルである)、L はXへの連結部である]を有するカンプトテシンである。
この明細書においては、単数形(a又はan)あるいは”当該” という表現には、特に明確に述べていない限り、複数のものも含めまれる。従って、例えば、”ポリマー”と言及している場合、単一のポリマーのみでなく二つ以上の同じあるいは異なるポリマーをも含み、”複合体”と言及している場合、単一の複合体のみでなく、二つ以上の同じまたは異なる複合体を含み、”賦形剤”と言及している亜場合、単一の賦形剤のみでなく二つ以上の同じまたは異なる賦形剤やその類似物質を含む。
上文で広く説明したように、本発明のポリマー複合体は多分岐で水溶性の、少なくとも三つの活性物質化合物に共有結合した非ペプチド性のポリマーである。本発明の複合体は典型的にはプロドラッグであり、それは加水分解によって分解されうる結合を介してポリマーに結合した活性物質が、被験者への複合体の投与に続いて、ある時間にわたって放出されることを意味する。さらに、本発明の複合体は、例えば、薬物分子を包埋した分解性のポリマーマトリックスと比較して、十分に特徴付けされ、単離可能で、精製のできる組成物である。本発明の複合体は、直鎖状のポリマーベースの対応物と比較して、より高い薬物負荷を示し、そのために、特定の症状を治療するために必要な全投与量重量が軽減される。つまり、本発明のポリマー骨格は、複数の活性物質分子を共有結合によって効果的に連結させ、それによって、約同じ分子量で一つか二つの活性物質分子しか結合していない直鎖状の一官能性のあるいは二官能性のポリマーと比較して、ポリマーの所定の重量当たりの投与される治療薬剤(すなわち、活性物質)を大幅に増加できる。本発明に使われるポリマーはその本質が親水性であり、それによって、結果としての複合体に親水性をもたらし、それは、水に不溶性の活性物質の場合には特に、有用な医薬組成物へと製剤化するのを容易にする。
構造I において、R は約3から150個の炭素原子を持った有機核ラジカルである。好ましくは、R は約3から50個の炭素原子を、さらに好ましくはRは約3から10個の炭素原子を含む。すなわち、R は3、4、5、6、7、8、9あるいは10個の数からなる群のいずれかの原子数をもっても良い。有機核は、特定の核分子を用いる過程によって、任意に1又は複数のヘテロ原子(例えば、O、S、N)を持ってもよい。R は直鎖状であっても、環状であってもよく、典型的には、そこから少なくとも三つの独立したポリマー分岐が広がっていて、そのうちの3つ以上が、共有結合した少なくとも一つの活性物質を有する。構造I において、“q”は“R” から広がるポリマー分岐の数である。ある場合には、1又は複数のポリマー分岐が共有結合した活性物質を持たず、むしろその末端に、合成が完了しなかったために、比較的不活性な、または未反応の官能基を持っていることもある。このような場合には、D は存在しないで、少なくとも一つのポリマー分岐の個々の化学構造が前駆体(またはその誘導体)のものであり、すなわち、その末端に活性物質、D を持たないでむしろ未反応の官能基を持っている。
有機ラジカル、Rとポリマーセグメント、POLY1の間の、またはPOLY1と活性物質、Dとの間の連結は、R、POLY1、とDに含まれる多様な反応基による反応の結果として生じる。用いられる特定の結合の化学は、活性物質の構造、活性分子内の複数の官能基の存在、保護/脱保護のステップの必要性、活性物質の化学的安定性やその他の条件に依存し、ここで提供する手引きによって当業者には容易に決定できる。本発明のポリマー複合体の調製に有用な例示的結合化学については、例えば、ウォン、エス.エイチ.(Wong,S.H.)、(1991年)、『タンパク質の共役結合と架橋』、CRCプレス、フロリダ州ボカラトン市、およびブリンクレイ、エム.、(1992年)、「染料、ハプテンおよび架橋試薬とのタンパク質複合体の調製法の簡単な概論」、Bioconjug.Chem. 、3、2013にみられる。上述したように、活性物質が多分岐ポリマー核から時間をかけて放出されるように、多分岐ポリマー核と各薬物分子の全体的な連結はエステル結合のように加水分解によって分解可能な結合であることが好ましい。
構造I において、POLY1は水溶性で非ペプチド性のポリマーを表す。好ましくは各ポリマー分岐が同一のポリマーを含んで成るものであるが、構造I の各ポリマー分岐のPOLY1は独立して選択されるものである。構造I の各分岐が(すなわち、各 -Q-POLY1-X-D は)同一であることが好ましい。本発明によって、非ペプチド性で水溶性の多種のポリマーが、複合体の形成に使用できる。これらに限定されるものではないが、適切なポリマーには、引用によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる米国特許番号5,629,384に記載のようなポリ(アルキレングリコール)、エチレングリコールとプロピレングリコールのコポリマー(共重合体)、ポリ(オレフィンアルコール)、ポリ(ビニルピロリドン)、ポリ(ヒドロキシアルキルメタクリルアミド)、ポリ(ヒドロキシアルキルメタクリレート)、多糖、ポリ(α-ヒドロキシ酸)、ポリ(アクリル酸)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、ポリホスファゼン、ポリオキサゾリン、ポリ(N-アクリロイルモルホリン)、並びに上記のうちのいずれかの1又は複数の共重合体、三元重合体及び混合物が含まれる。
構造I にもどり、Dは活性物質部分でq(独立したポリマー分岐の数)は約3から約50の範囲にある。好ましくは、qは約3から約25の範囲にある数である。さらに好ましくは、qは約3から約10の範囲にある数で、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、または10のいずれかである。活性物質部分、Dは、ここで述べたような加水分解可能で、加水分解時に、修飾を受けていない型の活性物質を放出できるような、多分岐ポリマーへの共有結合に適した官能基を少なくとも一つは有する。
R2とR3またはR3とR4は、置換型または未置換型のメチレンジオキシ、エチレンジオキシ、またはエチレンオキシを形成し、
R6はH またはOR’であり、ここで、R’はアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロアルキルまたはヒドロキシアルキルであり、
LはXに対する付着部位である]。
R2 とR3又はR3とR4は、置換型又は未置換型のメチレンジオキシ、エチレンジオキシ、又はエチレンオキシを形成し;そして
R6 はH またはOR’であり、ここで、R’はアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロアルキル、またはヒドロキシアルキルである]。
本発明のプロドラッグの調製に用いられるような、多分岐の反応性ポリマーは、本明細書で述べる手引きを参考にし、化学合成技術分野で知られている知識をあわせることで、販売されている出発物質から容易に調製できる。
本発明は、動物およびヒトの医療用の、本発明の1又は複数のポリマープロドラッグまたは医薬組成物として許容されるそれらの塩と、医薬組成物として許容される担体および、任意にその他の治療成分、安定剤等を含んで成る医薬製剤又は組成物を提供する。担体は、製剤のその他の成分との適合性という意味で医薬として許容されるものでなければならず、そして、レシピエントにとって不当に有害でないものである必要がある。本発明の組成物はまた、例えば、ポリビニルピロリドン、またヒドロキシメチルセルロースやヒドロキシエチルセルロースやヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースのようなセルロースの誘導体、フィコール(糖重合体)、ヒドロキシエチルスターチ(HES)、デキストレート(例えば、2-ヒドロキシプロピル-β-シクロデキストリンやスルホブチルエーテル-β-シクロデキストリンのようなシクロデキストリン)、ポリエチレングリコールおよびペクチンを含む。当該組成物はまたさらに、希釈剤、緩衝剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、増粘剤、潤滑剤、防腐剤(抗酸化剤を含む)、風味剤、味隠し剤、無機塩(例えば、塩化ナトリウム)、抗微生物薬(例えば、塩化ベンゾアルコニウム)、甘味料、帯電防止剤、界面活性剤(例えば、“トゥイーン20”や“トゥイーン80”のようなポリソルベートやビーエイエスエフ(BASF)から入手できるF68やF88のようなプルロニックス)、ソルビタンエステル、脂肪(例えば、レシチンやその他のホスファチジルコリンやホスファチジルエタノールアミン、脂肪酸や脂肪酸エステル、ステロイド(例えば、コレステロール)、およびキレート試薬(例えば、EDTA、亜鉛のような適切な陽イオン)などを含む。本発明による組成物において使用するのに適したその他の賦形剤および/または賦形剤は『レミントン、薬局処方の科学と実践』、第19版、ウィリアムスとウィリアムス、1995年、および『医師の参考書』、第52版、メディカルエコノミクス、モントヴェール、ニュージャージィ、1998年や『賦形剤のハンドブック』、第3版、エド.エイ.エイチ.キッベ(Ed.A.H. Kibbe)、ファーマシューティカルプレス、2000年に記載がある。
本発明の多分岐ポリマープロドラッグは、如何なる動物にも、特にヒトを含めた哺乳動物において、修飾されない活性物質に反応する症状の全てを治療しまたは予防するために使用できる。
DCM ジククロロメタン
DCC ジシクロへキシルカルボジイミド
DMAP ジメチルアミノピリジン
HCl 塩酸
MeOH メタノール
CM カルボキシメチレン
HOBT ヒドロキシベンジルトリアゾール
TFA トリフルオロ酢酸
RT 室温
SCM スクシニミジル
C.活性化多分岐ポリマーのグリシンイリノテカンとの共有結合
1HNMR(DMSO):δ0.909(t、CH2CH3)、1.28(m、CH2CH3)、3.5(br m、PEG)、3.92(s、CH2)、5.50(s、2H)。
人のHT29結腸癌を無胸腺ヌードマウスの皮下に異種移植した。十分な腫瘍の成長(100から250 mg)が見られた約2週間後に、これらの動物を10匹づつの群に分けた。一つの群は生理食塩水(対照群)、二番目の群は60 mg/kgのイリノテカン、3番目の群は60 mg/kgの4-分岐‐PEG-GLY-Irino-20K(投与量はイリノテカン含量あたりで計算)を投与した。投与は静注により、4日毎に一回の投与で合計3回投与を行った。マウスは毎日観察し、腫瘍は、ノギスを用いて、週二回計測した。図1に、無胸腺ヌードマウスにおけるHT29結腸癌に対するイリノテカンとPEG-イリノテカンの効果を示す。
4-分岐-PEG-GLY-IRINO-40Kは、実施例1で説明した20K化合物と全く同じ要領で調製されたが、例外として、ステップCにおいて、使用された活性化された多分岐PEG
試薬は4-分岐-PEG(40K)-CMであって、20K化合物ではない。
4-分岐-PEG-GLY-SN-38-20Kは実施例1に説明した、これに対応するイリノテカンの場合と同様に調製したが、但し、用いた活性物質はイリノテカンではなく、活性のあるカンプトテシン代謝産物のSN-38であり、SN-38のフェノール-OHは化学変換中はMEMC1(塩化2-メトキシエトキシメチル)で保護され、次に望ましい多分岐複合体を提供するためにTFAで脱保護された。
4-分岐-PEG-GLY-SN-38-40Kは上記の20K化合物と同様に調製したが、但し、用いた活性化多分岐PEG試薬は、20K化合物ではなくて、4-分岐-PEG(40K)-CMであった。
本発明の例示的な多分岐ポリマー複合体の薬効を試すために、さらに追加のマウスを使った異種移植試験を実施した。
多分岐PEG-イリノテカンと修飾をうけていないイリノテカンの単回投与による薬物動態比較試験を、親薬物と代謝物の腫瘍内分布を調べるためにヌードマウスを用いて実施した。
2-(2-アミノエトキシ)エタノール(10.5 g、0.1 mol)とNaHCO3(12.6 g、0.15 mol)を100 mLのCH2Cl2と100 mLのH2Oに加えた。その溶液を室温で10分間攪拌し、ジ-tert-ブチル-ジカルボン酸塩(21.8 g、0.1 mol)を加えた。その結果、得られた溶液を室温で一夜、攪拌しCH2Cl2(3x100 mL)で抽出した。有機層を合わせて、無水硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥させ、真空下で残りの溶媒を蒸発させた。残渣をシリカゲルのカラムクロマトグラフィー(CH2Cl2:CH3OH=50:1〜10:1)にかけて2-(2-t-Boc-アミノエトキシ)エタノール(1)(16.0 g、78 mmol、収率78%)を得た。
2-(2-t-Boc-アミノエトキシ)エタノール(1)(12.3 g、60 mmol)と4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)(14.6 g、120 mmol)を200 mlの無水CH2Cl2に溶解させた。トリホスゲン(5.91 g、20 mmol)を、室温で攪拌しながらその溶液に加えた。20分後に、その溶液を、イリノテカン(6.0 g、10.2 mmol)とDMAP(12.2 g、100 mmol)を無水CH2Cl2に溶かした液に加えた。それを室温で2時間攪拌して反応させ、DMAPを除くためにHCl溶液(pH=3、2 L)で洗った。有機層を合わせて、無水硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥させた。乾燥させた溶液を真空下で溶媒を蒸発させ、シリカゲルのカラムクロマトグラフィー(CH2Cl2:CH3OH=40:1〜10:1)にかけて2-(2-t-Boc-アミノエトキシ)エトキシカルボニル-イリノテカン(2)(4.9 g、6.0 mmol、収率59%)を得た。
2-(2-t-Boc-アミノエトキシ)エトキシカルボニル-イリノテカン(2)(4.7 g、5.75 mmol)を60 mLのCH2Cl2に溶解させ、トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)(20 mL)を室温で加えた。
反応溶液を二時間攪拌した。溶媒は真空下で除き、残渣はエチルエーテルを加えてろ過し黄色い固型の生成物3を得た(4.3 g、収率90%)。
4-分岐-PEG20KSCM(16.0 g)を200 mLのCH2Cl2に溶解させた。2-(2-アミノエトキシ)エトキシカルボニル-イリノテカン TFA塩(3)(2.85 g、3.44 mmol)を12 mLのDMFに溶解させ、0.6 mLのTEAで処理し、4-分岐-PEG20KSCMの溶液に加えた。室温で12時間攪拌して反応させ、エタノールを用いて沈殿させ、固型の生成物を得て、それを50℃で500 mLのIPAに溶解させた。その溶液を室温まで冷まして、生じた沈渣をろ過して採取し、4-分岐-PEG20Kグリシン-イリノテカン(4)(16.2 g、HPLC分析に基づく薬物含量は7.5%)を得た。収率は60%であった。
4-分岐-PEG40K-SCM(32.0 g)を400 mLのCH2Cl2に溶解させた。2-(2-アミノエトキシ)エトキシカルボニル-イリノテカン TFA塩(3)(2.85 g、3.44 mmol)を12 mLのDMFに溶解させ、0.6 mLのTEAで処理し、4-分岐-PEG20KSCMの溶液に加えた。室温で12時間攪拌して反応させ、エタノールを用いて沈殿させ、固型の生成物を得て、それを50℃で1000 mLのイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)に溶解させた。その溶液を室温まで冷まして、生じた沈渣をろ過して採取し、4-分岐-PEG20Kグリシン-イリノテカン(4)( g、HPLC分析に基づく薬物含量は3.7%)を得た。収率は59%であった。
Claims (30)
- 構造:
Rは、Qと一緒になってR(−Q−) q を形成しており、R(−Q−) q は、“q”個のヒドロキシルプロトンが除去された後の、グリセロール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリトリトール、ソルビトール又はグリセロールのオリゴマーの残基であって、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する前記残基であり、
POLY1は、ポリ(アルキレングリコール)、ポリ(オレフィンアルコール)、ポリ(ビニルピロリドン)、ポリ(ヒドロキシアルキルメタクリルアミド)、ポリ(ヒドロキシアルキルメタクリレート)、ポリ(α-ヒドロキシ酸)、ポリ(アクリル酸)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、ポリホスファゼン、ポリオキサゾリン、ポリ(N-アクリロイルモルホリン)またはそれらの共重合体もしくは三元重合体から成る群から選択される水溶性のポリマーであり、
Xは−CH2−C(O)−NH−CH2−C(O)O−であり、
Dは構造VII:
R 1 −R 5 は、それぞれ独立して、水素、ハロ、アシル、アルキル、置換アルキル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、ニトロ、アジド、アミド、ヒドラジン、アミノ、置換アミノ、ヒドロキシカルボニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルカルボニルオキシ、アルキルカルボニルアミノ、カルバモイルオキシ、アリールスルホニルオキシ、アルキルスルホニルオキシ、−C(R 7 )=N−(O) i R 8 (ここで、R 7 はH、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキルまたはアリールであり、iは0または1であり、R 8 はH、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキルまたはヘテロ環である)、および、R 9 C(O)O−(ここで、R 9 はハロゲン、アミノ、置換アミノ、ヘテロ環または置換ヘテロ環である)またはR 10 −O−(CH 2 ) m −(ここで、mは1−10の整数であり、R 10 はアルキル、フェニル、置換フェニル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、ヘテロ環または置換ヘテロ環である)から成る群から選択され;あるいは、R 2 はR 3 とともに、または、R 3 はR 4 とともに、置換型または未置換型のメチレンジオキシ、エチレンジオキシまたはエチレンオキシを形成し;
R 6 はHまたはOR’(ここで、R’はアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロアルキルまたはヒドロキシアルキルである)であり;そして、
Lは、Xに対する連結部である)
を有する化合物であり、
qは3または4である)
を有する多分岐ポリマープロドラッグまたはその医薬として許容される塩。 - R(−Q−) q が、“q”個のヒドロキシルプロトンが除去された後のペンタエリトリトールの残基である、請求項1に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- R(−Q−) q が3,4,5および6から成る群から選択される炭素原子数を有する、請求項1に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- POLY1がポリエチレングリコールである、請求項1に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- POLY1が直鎖状である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- POLY1の分子量が500から20,000ダルトンの範囲にある、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- プロドラッグの分子量が20,000ダルトン超である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- qの値が4である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- qの値が3である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- 前記“q”個のポリマー分岐(−Q−POLY1−X−D)のそれぞれが同一である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- Dが800未満の分子量を持つ、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- Dが、イリノテカン、SN−38およびトポテカンから選択される、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- プロドラッグの総分子量が20,000〜80,000の範囲にある、請求項14に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- DがSN−38である、請求項12に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- Dがトポテカンである、請求項12に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグを含んで成る医薬組成物。
- 固形腫瘍型の癌にとって適切な動物モデルにおいて評価し、且つ前記化合物を0.5〜100mg化合物/kg体重で投与した場合に、未修飾の抗癌剤について30日間かけて評価した場合に観察されるものの少なくとも1.5倍程度にまで腫瘍の増殖を抑制するのに有効である、請求項15に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- 固形腫瘍型の癌にとって適切な動物モデルにおいて評価し、且つ前記化合物を0.5〜100mg化合物/kg体重で投与した場合に、未修飾の抗癌剤について同様に30日間投与した場合に観察されるものの少なくとも2倍程度にまで腫瘍の増殖を抑制するのに有効である、請求項20に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- 固形腫瘍型の癌にとって適切な動物モデルにおいて評価し、且つ前記化合物を0.5〜100mg化合物/kg体重で投与した場合に、未修飾の抗癌剤について60日間投与した場合に観察されるものの少なくとも1.5倍程度にまで腫瘍の増殖を抑制するのに有効である、請求項20に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- 固形腫瘍型の癌にとって適切な動物モデルにおいて評価し、且つ前記化合物を0.5〜100mg化合物/kg体重で投与した場合に、未修飾の抗癌剤について同様に60日間投与した場合に観察されるものの少なくとも2倍程度にまで腫瘍の増殖を抑制するのに有効である、請求項22に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグ。
- 哺乳類の対象のトポイソメラーゼI阻害剤関連疾患を処置するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグを含んで成る医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が非経口的に投与される請求項24に記載の医薬組成物。
- 哺乳類の対象の固型腫瘍を治療するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の多分枝ポリマープロドラッグを含んで成る医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の多分岐ポリマープロドラッグを調製する方法であって、
(i)部位Lにおいて加水分解可能なエステル結合を形成するのに適切なヒドロキシル基を含んで成る、構造VII
R 1 −R 5 は、それぞれ独立して、水素、ハロ、アシル、アルキル、置換アルキル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、ニトロ、アジド、アミド、ヒドラジン、アミノ、置換アミノ、ヒドロキシカルボニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルカルボニルオキシ、アルキルカルボニルアミノ、カルバモイルオキシ、アリールスルホニルオキシ、アルキルスルホニルオキシ、−C(R 7 )=N−(O) i R 8 (ここで、R 7 はH、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキルまたはアリールであり、iは0または1であり、R 8 はH、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキルまたはヘテロ環である)、および、R 9 C(O)O−(ここで、R 9 はハロゲン、アミノ、置換アミノ、ヘテロ環または置換ヘテロ環である)またはR 10 −O−(CH 2 ) m −(ここで、mは1−10の整数であり、R 10 はアルキル、フェニル、置換フェニル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、ヘテロ環または置換ヘテロ環である)から成る群から選択され;あるいは、R 2 はR 3 とともに、または、R 3 はR 4 とともに、置換型または未置換型のメチレンジオキシ、エチレンジオキシまたはエチレンオキシを形成し;
R 6 はHまたはOR’(ここで、R’はアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロアルキルまたはヒドロキシアルキルである)である)
の化合物(D)を準備し、
(ii)前記化合物(D)を、H2N−CH2−C(O)−OHまたはPG−NH−CH2−C(O)−OH(式中、PGは保護基である)と、D−O−C(O)CH2−NH2またはD−O−C(O)CH2−NH−PGで表される部分的に修飾された化合物を形成するのに有効な条件下で反応させ、
(iii)部分的に修飾された化合物がD−O−C(O)CH2−NH−PGである場合に、(ii)由来の部分的に修飾された化合物に含まれるアミノ基を脱保護し、そして
(iv)部分的に修飾された化合物D−O−C(O)CH2−NH2と、構造:
R(−Q−POLY1-CH2−F3)q
(ここで、R、Q、POLY1およびqは請求項1と同義であり、F3は、カルボン酸またはカルボン酸の活性化誘導体である)とを、
構造:
R(−Q−POLY1−CH2−C(O)−NH−CH2−C(O)O−D)q
を有する多分岐ポリマープロドラッグを形成するのに有効な反応条件下で反応させることを含んで成る方法。 - 段階(iii)において、“q”モルを超す化学量論的に過剰量の部分的に修飾された化合物を、多分岐の水溶性ポリマーであるR(−Q−POLY1−CH2−F3)qと反応させる、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物(D)がカルボン酸基と反応する追加の官能基を含んで成り、前記追加の官能基を、H2N−CH2−C(O)−OHまたはPG−HN−CH2−C(O)−OHと反応させる前に適当な保護基で保護することを更に含んで成る、請求項28に記載の方法。
- (v)構造:
R(−Q−POLY1−CH2C(O)−NH−CH2−C(O)−O−D)q
を有する多分岐ポリマープロドラッグの形成の後、前記化合物から前記保護基を除くことを更に含んで成る、請求項29に記載の方法。
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