JP5615215B2 - 軽油組成物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
軽油組成物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
しかしながら、従来からの直留系の中間留分以外の軽油基材、特に分解系の軽油基材は、直留系の重質分を高温高圧環境下で処理して得られるため、生成油中に不安定な物質が生成しやすく、安定性が悪化する場合が多い。
S1=100×A/(A+B)
(A:1環シクロパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)、B:1環ナフテノベンゼン類含有量(イオン強度%))
S1=100×A/(A+B)
(A:1環シクロパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)、B:1環ナフテノベンゼン類含有量(イオン強度%))
また、軽油基材2の誘導期間は80分以上であり、好ましくは83分以上、更に好ましくは85分以上である。軽油基材2の誘導期間が80分より短いと、酸化安定性改善効果が小さくなるため好ましくない。一方、軽油基材2の誘導期間は120分未満であり、好ましくは118分以下、更に好ましくは115分以下、特に好ましくは110分以下である。軽油基材2の誘導期間が120分より長くなると、軽油基材2に含まれる酸化安定性が良くない1環ナフテノベンゼン類や2環ナフテノベンゼン類等の成分を少なくするために、軽油基材2の精製コストが増大するため好ましくない。
装置:Agilent社製 6890N
カラム:Agilent社製 DB−1MS(30m×0.25mmf×0.25μm)
オーブン温度:50℃(5min)−(5℃/min)280℃
注入量:0.5μL
注入法:スプリット(スプリット比=1:10)
注入部温度:320℃
GCインターフェース温度:300℃
キャリアガス:He 1.2mL/min(一定)
装置:日本電子社製JMS−T100GC
対向電極電圧:−10kV
イオン化法:FI(電界イオン化)
イオン源温度:室温
質量数測定範囲:m/z 35〜500
この方法により、1環ナフテノベンゼン類含有量(イオン強度%)、2環ナフテノベンゼン類含有量(イオン強度%)、1環シクロパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)、2環シクロパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)及びナフタレン類含有量(イオン強度%)を求めることができる。
ここで得られた炭素数ごとのタイプ別イオン強度のトータルイオン強度に対する百分率から割合を求め、さらにこの割合の合計がSaturateの値になるよう補正を実施し、炭素数ごとのタイプ別イオン強度%を求める。
この方法により、ノルマルパラフィン類(イオン強度%)、イソパラフィン類(イオン強度%)及び1環シクロパラフィン類〜6環シクロパラフィン類(イオン強度%)を求めることができる。
装置:PetroOXY装置(Petrotest社製)
酸素封入圧力:700kPa(ゲージ圧)
試験温度:140℃
試験燃料量:5mL
また、本発明の軽油組成物のセタン価は、特に限定されるものではないが、エンジン着火性の観点から50.0以上であることが好ましく、55.0以上であることがより好ましく、57.0以上であることがさらに好ましく、57.1以上であることが最も好ましい。特に軽油組成物のセタン指数が50.0未満の場合、中でもセタン指数が47.0未満の場合には、セタン価向上剤を添加することにより、セタン価を50.0以上とするのが好ましい。また、セタン指数が50.0以上の場合でも、セタン価向上剤を添加することにより、エンジン着火性をさらに向上させ、低温でのエンジン始動性の向上、始動時の白煙の低減を図ることができる。ここでいうセタン価、セタン指数とは、JIS K 2280「石油製品−燃料油−オクタン価及びセタン価試験方法並びにセタン指数算出方法」により測定、算出される値を意味する。
10容量%留出温度:200〜290℃
50容量%留出温度:220〜300℃
90容量%留出温度:270〜340℃
本発明の軽油組成物の蒸留性状に関し、10容量%留出温度(以下、T10と略す。)は、好ましくは200℃以上、より好ましくは210℃以上、更に好ましくは215℃以上、特に好ましくは220℃以上であり、また、好ましくは290℃以下、より好ましくは270℃以下、更に好ましくは250℃以下である。T10が200℃未満であると、一部の軽質留分が気化し、ディーゼル自動車のエンジン内において噴霧範囲が広範囲となることに伴って排出ガス中の未燃の炭化水素量が増大し、その結果、高温時の始動性及びアイドリング時のエンジンの回転の安定性が低下する傾向にある。他方、T10が290℃を超えると、ディーゼル自動車における低温時の始動性及び運転性が低下する傾向にある。
1)密度:JIS K 2249「原油及び石油製品−密度試験方法及び密度・質量・容量換算表」に規定された方法。
2)蒸留性状:JIS K 2254「石油製品−蒸留試験方法」に規定された方法。
3)硫黄分:JIS K 2541−6「原油及び石油製品−硫黄分試験方法(紫外蛍光法)」に規定された方法。
4)芳香族分:JPI−5S−49−97「石油製品―炭化水素タイプ試験方法―高速液体クロマトグラフ法」に規定された方法
直留系の中間留分を水素化脱硫して得られた軽油基材A、直留系の灯油留分を水素化脱硫して得られた灯油基材B、減圧蒸留して得られた重質留分を水素化分解して得られた軽油基材C、熱分解装置から得られる分解系の中間留分を水素化脱硫装置で混合処理して得られた軽油基材D、減圧蒸留して得られた重質留分を水素化分解し水素化脱硫装置で混合処理して得られた軽油基材E、流動接触分解装置などから得られる分解系の中間留分と直留系中間留分を水素化脱硫装置で混合処理して得られた軽油基材F、ノルマルデシルシクロヘキサン(純度96%以上の試薬)を用いて軽油組成物を調製した。なお、ノルマルデシルシクロヘキサン(純度96%以上の試薬)は1環シクロパラフィン類を多く含有する軽油組成物を調製するため用いた。これらの軽油基材A〜Fの性状を表4に示す。また、調製した軽油組成物(実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜3)の組成及び性状を表5及び表6に示す。
Claims (3)
- 15℃における密度が0.830〜0.845g/cm3、組成物全量を基準として、全硫黄分が10質量ppm以下、1環ナフテノベンゼン類含有量(イオン強度%)が5.0〜10.0、2環ナフテノベンゼン類含有量(イオン強度%)が5.0以下、イソパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)が5.0〜30.0、1環シクロパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)が12.0以上、イソパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)と1環シクロパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)の合計が35.0〜90.0、ナフタレン類含有量(イオン強度%)が0.1〜1.5であり、かつ試験装置としてPetroOXY装置を用い、試験燃料を入れた金属容器に圧力700kPaで酸素を封入し、加温開始時から、試験温度140℃に到達する容器内圧力の最高圧力点より10%圧力が降下する点までの経過時間で測定される誘導期間が68〜130分である軽油組成物。
- 1環シクロパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)と1環ナフテノベンゼン類含有量(イオン強度%)により算出される次式S1が61以上である請求項1に記載の軽油組成物。
S1=100×A/(A+B)
(A:1環シクロパラフィン類含有量(イオン強度%)、B:1環ナフテノベンゼン類含有量(イオン強度%)) - 誘導期間が30分以上68分未満である軽油基材1に誘導期間が80分以上120分未満である軽油基材2を軽油基材全体として5容量%以上混合して請求項1または2に記載の軽油組成物を製造する軽油組成物の製造方法。
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