WO2007114028A1 - 軽油組成物 - Google Patents
軽油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007114028A1 WO2007114028A1 PCT/JP2007/055309 JP2007055309W WO2007114028A1 WO 2007114028 A1 WO2007114028 A1 WO 2007114028A1 JP 2007055309 W JP2007055309 W JP 2007055309W WO 2007114028 A1 WO2007114028 A1 WO 2007114028A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/301—Boiling range
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/307—Cetane number, cetane index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light oil composition, and more particularly to a light oil composition for summer or winter that is suitable for both diesel combustion and premixed compression ignition combustion. '
- Diesel combustion begins to ignite (premixed combustion) when this fuel injected into the engine combustion chamber evaporates and mixes with air to form a premixed fuel with an appropriate fuel / air ratio and at an appropriate temperature. It is said that. In many cases, this ignition is examined for its goodness and badness based on the cetane number, which shows the evaporation performance due to the distillation characteristics of the fuel and the self-ignition performance.
- fuel spraying is performed using air flow in the engine combustion chamber. It is necessary to burn (diffusion combustion) while diffusing in the air atmosphere. Therefore, it can be said that the properties required for fuel properties are properties that support premixed combustion and properties that support diffusion combustion.
- Premixed compression ignition combustion is one of the combustion forms derived from these diesel combustion, and has recently received attention due to its low emission performance and excellent fuel efficiency.
- the difference from the above-mentioned diesel combustion is that the entire combustion process is premixed combustion and there is no diffusion combustion.
- ignition starts because of the self-ignition performance of the fuel, so it is sometimes difficult to control ignition particularly in a high load range.
- many engines adopt a combustion concept that performs premixed compression ignition fuel only at low and medium loads, and switches to normal diesel combustion in the high load range. Therefore, it can be said that what is required for fuel properties is both a factor that supports premixed compression ignition combustion in the low load region and a factor that supports diesel combustion in the high load region.
- gas oil compositions are: straight-run gas oil obtained from crude oil atmospheric distillation equipment, hydrorefined or hydrodesulfurized, straight-run kerosene obtained from crude oil atmospheric distillation equipment It is manufactured by blending one or more base materials that have been subjected to hydrorefining treatment or hydrodesulfurization treatment.
- the blending ratio of the above kerosene base and light oil base is often controlled.
- cetane improvers and detergents, low temperature fluidity Additives such as improvers are blended (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).
- a diesel light oil composition characterized by blending relatively light catalytic cracking light oil with Patent Document 1 and having a low cetane number, high density, and high aromatic content. Things are disclosed. According to this document HCCI excellent low temperature performance and low NO X as the combustion applications have been described as a low PM performance can both, the premixed compression ignition combustion to extremely high aromatic content Discharge of unburned fuel, which is a disadvantage, is expected to increase easily. In addition, as described above, currently, premixed pressure ignition combustion and general diesel combustion are often used in parallel, and are characterized by the low cetane number, high density, and high aromatic content described in this document.
- Patent Document 2 Patent Document 3, and Patent Document 4 show that the distillation properties are effective by prescribing the compression properties as a function, but as described above, the distillation properties are self-ignition of fuel. If the premixed compression ignition combustion of the type that injects fuel at an early stage as in this document is premised, the effect of evaporation characteristics is still small. It is done.
- the index of temperature per distillate such as T 90, not the distillate amount, can be a guide to knowing the characteristics of the fuel, but it does not make sense because it is not an absolute quantitative definition.
- cetane number itself is kept low, the content of saturated hydrocarbon compounds required for active ignition control is on the other hand decreasing, so it is a fuel that cannot be controlled arbitrarily. It can be said. Therefore, it is clear that these definitions are not fuel properties that can control self-ignition, and it is thought that environmentally friendly fuels have not been realized.
- a high-quality fuel that can simultaneously achieve the requirements required for a light oil composition that has excellent practical performance in a summer or winter environment and environmentally compatible performance that can be applied to premixed compression ignition combustion at the same time. It is extremely difficult to design, and there are no examples or knowledge based on the study of realistic production methods that satisfy the various performance requirements of other fuel oils.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2006-28493 A
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-3439 17
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-34391-8
- Patent Document 4 JP-A 2.005-34391 9
- Non-patented Bunhan 1 Seiichi Konishi, “Introduction to Fuel Engineering”, Jinhuabo, 1 991
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a light oil composition for summer or winter that is suitable for both diesel combustion and premixed compression ignition combustion. .
- an object of the present invention is to provide a light oil composition for summer or winter that is suitable for both diesel combustion and premixed compression ignition combustion. .
- the present invention includes an FT synthetic base material, a sulfur content of 5 mass ppm or less, an oxygen content of 100 mass ppm or less, a bulk modulus of 1 250 MPa or more, 1 450 MPa or less, Saybolt color Is +22 or more, lubrication performance is 400 m or less, the initial distillation point of distillation property is 140 ° C or more, the end point is 380 ° C or less, and each fraction range is as follows (1) to (3)
- the invention relates to a gas oil composition for use in a turbocharger with a geometric compression ratio exceeding 16 and a diesel engine with EGR.
- Cetane number in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40.
- the cetane number in the fraction range from 200 ° C to 280 ° C is 30 to less than 60. ⁇
- the cetane number in the fraction range above 280 ° C is 50 or more.
- the present invention includes an FT synthetic base material, the sulfur content is 5 mass ppm or less, the oxygen content is ⁇ 0 ⁇ mass p pm or less, the bulk modulus is 1 250 MPa or more and 1450 MPa or less, the Saybolt color is +22 or more, lubrication performance is 400 or less, distillation property has an initial boiling point of 140 ° C or more, end point is 380 ° C or less, and each fraction range has the following characteristics (1) to (3). It relates to the gas oil composition described above, wherein the quality item properties other than the sulfur content used in a turbocharger having a geometric compression ratio exceeding 16 and a diesel engine with EGR satisfy the JIS 1 diesel oil standard.
- the cetane number in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1% by volume or more and less than 10% by volume.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 200 ° C or more and less than 280 ° C is 30 or more and less than 60, and the composition ratio per volume of the whole fraction is 40% by volume or more and 98% by volume or less.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 280 ° C or higher is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1 vol% or more and 59 vol% or less.
- the present invention includes an FT synthetic base material, a sulfur content of 5 mass ppm or less, an oxygen content of .100 mass ppm or less, a bulk elastic modulus of 1 25 OMPa or more and 1450 MPa or less, Saybolt The color is +22 or more, the lubrication performance is 400 m or less, the initial distillation point of distillation property is 140 ° C or more, the end point is 360 ° C or less, and the following (1) to (3) features in each fraction range
- the cetane number in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 40 or more and less than 60, and the composition ratio per volume of the whole fraction is 10% or more and less than 20% by volume.
- the cetane number in the fraction range from 200 ° C to less than 280 ° C is 60 or more and less than 80, and the composition ratio per volume of the whole fraction is 30% to 89% by volume.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 280 ° C or higher is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1 vol% or more and 60 vol% or less.
- the present invention includes a 'FT synthetic base material, a sulfur content of 5 mass ppm or less, an oxygen content of 100 mass ppm or less, a bulk modulus of 125 OMPa or more and 1450 MPa or less, Saybolt The color is +22 or more, the lubrication performance is 400 / m or less, the initial distillation point of distillation property is 140 ° C or more, the end point is 360 ° C or less, and the following (1) to (3)
- the cetane number in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 40 or more and less than 60, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 20% by volume or more and 40 volumes. / Less than 0 .
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 200 ° C or more and less than 280 ° C is 60 or more and less than 80, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 30 volumes. /. More than 78% by volume. .
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 280 ° C or higher is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1 vol% or more and 50 vol% or less.
- the present invention includes an FT synthetic base material, a sulfur content of 5 mass ppm or less, an oxygen content of 100 mass ppm or less, a bulk modulus of 1250 MPa or more and 1450 MPa or less, and a Saybolt color + 22 or more, lubrication performance of 400 / m or less, initial distillation point of distillation property is 140 ° C or more, end point is 350 ° C or less, and each fraction range has the following characteristics (1) to (3)
- the present invention relates to the gas oil composition described above, wherein quality characteristics other than sulfur used in a turbocharger having a geometric compression ratio exceeding 16 and a diesel engine with EGR satisfy the J 'IS No. 3 diesel oil standard.
- the cetane number in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 40 volumes. / 0 or more and 70% or less. '
- the cetane number in the fraction range below C is 30 or more and less than 60, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 20% or more and 59% or less by volume.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 28 ° C. or higher is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1% by volume or more and 30% by volume. /. Less than.
- the peroxide value after accelerated oxidation test is preferably 50 mass ppm or less, the aromatic content is 15% by volume or less, and more preferably, the blending ratio of the FT synthetic substrate is 20% by volume or more.
- the intent of the present invention is to take into account not only the ignition phenomenon but also the evaporation phenomenon in the previous stage and the mixing phenomenon with air, and the light fraction that evaporates relatively early and the heavy vapor that evaporates relatively later. This is the balance of quality fractions including ignitability. As a result, it is possible to support an optimal ignition state in both premixed compression ignition combustion and general diesel combustion. Since these ignition phenomena are highly dependent on the compression ratio and intake conditions on the engine side to be used, in order to exert the most excellent effect in the present invention, the conditions of the engine to be used are also restricted.
- the present invention by using the light oil composition produced by the above production method, fraction regulation, etc., practical performance in a summer or winter environment, which was difficult to realize with a conventional light oil composition, It is possible to provide a high-quality fuel that can simultaneously achieve a high level of environmental performance that can be applied to premixed compression ignition combustion.
- the FT synthesis base material is composed of a saturated hydrocarbon compound, and the light oil composition of the present invention can be easily produced by controlling the blending thereof.
- the properties of the FT synthetic base material are not particularly limited in satisfying the properties of the light oil composition of the present invention. There are no particular restrictions on the base material other than the FT synthetic base material in order to satisfy the properties of the light oil composition of the present invention. It is preferable to blend the petroleum-based base material, the processed oil derived from animals and plants, and the like.
- FT synthetic base material is equivalent to naphtha, kerosene, and light oil obtained by applying Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction to a combined gas (sometimes called synthesis gas) mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Liquid fractions, hydrocarbon mixtures obtained by hydrotreating and hydrocracking them, and liquid fractions and FT wax produced by FT reaction, hydrotreating and hydrocracking them.
- the base material which consists of a hydrocarbon mixture obtained is shown.
- the gas oil composition of the present invention preferably contains 20% by volume or more of an FT synthetic base material.
- an FT synthetic base material for the purpose of reducing the frequency of increasing environmental loads such as sulfur and aromatics and more effectively performing the ignition control required for premixed compression ignition combustion, 25 vol% or more More preferably, it is more preferably 30% by volume or more, and even more preferably 35% by volume or more.
- the properties of the FT synthetic base material used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the light oil composition of the present invention has predetermined properties, but the production of the light oil composition of the present invention is not limited. From the standpoint of ease, blending a synthetic base material with a boiling range of 140 to 3800 ° C is preferred.
- the mixed gas used as the raw material for the FT synthesis substrate is obtained by oxidizing a carbon-containing substance using oxygen and / or water and / or carbon dioxide as an oxidant and, if necessary, a shift reaction using water. It is obtained by adjusting to a predetermined hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration.
- Carbon-containing substances include natural gas, petroleum liquefied gas, methane gas, etc., gas components consisting of hydrocarbons that are gaseous at normal temperature, petroleum asphalt, biomass, coal, building materials, wastes such as garbage, sludge , And mixed gas obtained by exposing heavy crude oil, unconventional petroleum resources, etc., which are difficult to process by ordinary methods, to high temperatures, are mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide As long as a mixed gas can be obtained, the present invention does not limit the original course.
- a Fischer-Tropsch reaction requires a metal catalyst.
- the method uses a Group 8 metal of the periodic table, for example, cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, nickel, iron, etc., more preferably a Group 8 metal of Period 4 as an active catalyst component.
- the metal group which mixed these metals in an appropriate amount can also be used.
- These active metals are generally used in the form of a catalyst obtained by being supported on a support such as silica, alumina, titer or silica alumina.
- Examples of the second metal include zirconium, hafnium, titanium, etc., in addition to Al-strength metals such as sodium, lithium, and magnesium, and al-strength earth metals. It is used as appropriate depending on the purpose, such as increasing chain growth probability (a), which is an indicator of quantity.
- the Fischer-Tropsch reaction is a synthesis method that uses a mixed gas as a raw material to produce a liquid fraction and FT wax.
- it is generally preferable to control the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the mixed gas.
- the molar mixing ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is preferably 1.2 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, and even more preferably 1.8 or more. Good.
- the ratio is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2.6 or less, and even more preferably 2.2 or less.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 180 ° C or higher and 320 ° C or lower, more preferably 200 ° C or higher and 300 ° C or lower.
- the reaction temperature is less than 180 ° C, carbon monoxide hardly reacts and the hydrocarbon yield tends to be low.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 320 ° C, the amount of methane and other gases produced increases, and the production efficiency of liquid fractions and FT series decreases.
- the gas space velocity with respect to the catalyst is not particularly limited, but is preferably 500 h 1 or more and 4000 h 1 or less, more preferably 1000 h 1 or more and 3000 h 1 or less.
- a gas spatial velocity is less than 500 h 1 tends to decrease the productivity of liquid fuels, also 40 00 h 1 more than the reaction temperature increased was forced to instead become with a gas generator size no longer, the desired product The yield will decrease.
- the reaction pressure (partial pressure of the synthesis gas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 MPa to 7 MPa, more preferably 2 MPa to 4 MPa. If the reaction pressure is less than 0.5 MPa, the yield of liquid fuel tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 7 MPa, the capital investment tends to increase, making it uneconomical.
- the FT synthesis substrate can be obtained by hydrotreating or hydrocracking the liquid fraction and FT wax produced by the above FT reaction and adjusting the distillation properties, composition, etc. according to the purpose. . If hydrorefining and hydrocracking are selected according to purpose In addition, the selection of only one or a combination of both methods is not limited in any way in which the light oil composition of the present invention can be produced.
- the catalyst used for hydrorefining is generally a catalyst in which a hydrogenation active metal is supported on a porous support, but the present invention does not limit the form of the catalyst as long as the same effect can be obtained. .
- An inorganic oxide is preferably used as the porous carrier.
- Specific examples include alumina, titaure, zircoure, polya, silica, and zeolite.
- Zeolite is a crystalline aluminosilicate, and examples thereof include faujasite, pentasil, mordenite, etc., preferably faujasite, beta, and mordenite, particularly preferably Y type and beta type.
- the Y type is preferably ultra-stabilized.
- active metal type A active metal type A
- active metal type B active metal type B
- the active metal type A is at least one metal selected from group 8 metals of the periodic table. Preferably at least one selected from Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd and Pt, more preferably Pd or Z and Pt.
- the active metal may be a combination of these metals. For example, P t— P d, P t— Rh, P t— Ru, Ir 1 P d, Ir 1 Rh, Ir 1 Ru, P t-Pd-Rh, Pt-Rh-Ru, Ir-Pd-Rh, Ir-Rh-Ru, etc.
- a precious metal catalyst composed of these metals it can be used after pre-reduction treatment in a hydrogen stream. In general, when a gas containing hydrogen is circulated and heat of 200 ° C. or higher is applied according to a predetermined procedure, the active metal on the catalyst is reduced, and hydrogenation activity is exhibited.
- the active metal B type it contains at least one kind of metal selected from Group 6A and Group 8 metal of the periodic table, and preferably two or more kinds selected from Group 6A and Group 8 Those containing these metals can also be used.
- metals selected from Group 6A and Group 8 metal of the periodic table, and preferably two or more kinds selected from Group 6A and Group 8 Those containing these metals can also be used.
- C o— ⁇ , N i — Mo, N i—C o — Mo, N i— W can be mentioned.
- a metal sulfide catalyst composed of these metals it is necessary to include a presulfidation step.
- a general inorganic salt or a complex salt compound can be used.
- a supporting method any of the supporting methods used in ordinary hydrogenation catalysts such as impregnation method and ion exchange method can be used. These methods can also be used.
- a plurality of metals When a plurality of metals are supported, they may be supported simultaneously using a mixed solution, or may be sequentially supported using a single solution.
- the metal solution may be an aqueous solution or an organic solvent.
- the reaction temperature when hydrotreating using a catalyst composed of an active metal A type is preferably 180 ° C or higher and 400 ° C or lower, more preferably 200 ° C or higher and 3 70 ° C or lower. Preferably, it is more preferably 250 ° C or more and 350 ° C or less,
- the reaction temperature when hydrotreating using a catalyst comprising an active metal B type is preferably 170 ° C or higher and 320 ° C or lower, more preferably 175 ° C or higher and 300 ° C or lower. Preferably, 1 80 ° C or more 28. More preferably, it is C or less. If the reaction temperature in hydrorefining exceeds 320 ° C, the side reaction that decomposes into the naphtha fraction increases and the yield of the middle fraction is extremely reduced. Further, if the reaction temperature is lower than 170 ° C., the alcohol content cannot be completely removed and it is not preferable. .
- the hydrogen pressure when hydrotreating using a catalyst comprising an active metal A type is preferably 0.5 MPa or more and 1 2 MPa or less, and should be 1. OMP a or more and 5. OMP a or less. More preferred. The higher the hydrogen pressure, the more hydrogenation reaction is promoted, but generally there is an optimal point economically.
- the hydrogen pressure when hydrorefining using a catalyst comprising an active metal B type is preferably 2 MPa or more and 1 OMP a or less, more preferably 2.5 MPa or more and 8 MPa or less, and 3MP More preferably, it is a to 7MPa.
- the liquid hourly space velocity which hydrorefining is carried out using a catalyst composed of the active metal A type (LHS V) is preferably at 0. lh least 1 0. 0 h- 1 or less, 0. 3 h- 1 More preferably, it is not more than 3.5 h to 1 .
- LHSV active metal A type
- the liquid hourly space velocity which hydrorefining is carried out using a catalyst composed of the active metal B type (LHS V) is preferably 0. 1 h- 1 or more 2 h- 1 or less, 0. 2 h one 1 or 1. more preferably 5 h- 1 or less, and further preferably 0. S h- 1 or more 1 is under 2 h- 1 or more.
- LHS V active metal B type
- the hydrogen / oil ratio is preferably 50 NLZL or more and 1000 NL / L or less, and 70 NLZL or more and 8 O ONL / L or less when hydrotreating using a catalyst composed of active metal A type. Is more preferable.
- the hydrogen / oil ratio is preferably 100 NLZL or more and 800 NL / L or less, more preferably 12 ONL / L or more and 600 NL / L or less when hydrotreating using a catalyst comprising an active metal B type. More preferably, it is 15 ONL / L or more and 500 NL or less.
- the higher the hydrogen Z oil ratio the more hydrogenation reaction is promoted, but generally there is an optimal point economically.
- the catalyst used for hydrocracking is generally a catalyst in which a hydrogenation-active metal is supported on a carrier having a solid acid property, but the present invention limits the form of the catalyst as long as the same effect can be obtained. It is not a thing.
- Supports having solid acid properties include amorphous and crystalline zeolites.
- Specific examples include amorphous silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, silica gel air, silica titaure and zeolite, faujasite, beta, MFI, and mordenite.
- Preferred types are beta type, beta type, MFI type and mordenite type zeolite, more preferably Y type and beta type.
- the Y type is preferably ultra-stabilized.
- active metal A type active metal A type
- active metal B type active metal B
- the active metal A type is mainly at least one metal selected from Group 6A and Group 8 metals of the Periodic Table. Preferably, at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Mo, ⁇ t, and ⁇ dop W is used. Precious gold made of these metals When a metal catalyst is used, it can be used after pre-reduction treatment in a hydrogen stream. In general, when a gas containing hydrogen is circulated and heat of 200 ° C. or higher is applied according to a predetermined procedure, the active metal on the catalyst is reduced, and hydrogenation activity is exhibited. ⁇
- the active metal B type may be a combination of these metals. Examples include Pt—Pd, Co—Mo, Ni—Mo, Ni—W, and Ni—Co—Mo. Can be mentioned. 'In addition, when using a catalyst made of these metals, it is preferable to use it after presulfiding.
- a general inorganic salt or a complex salt compound can be used, and as a loading method, any of the loading methods used in ordinary hydrogenation catalysts such as impregnation method and ion exchange method should be used. Can do.
- a plurality of metals When a plurality of metals are supported, they may be supported simultaneously using a mixed solution, or may be sequentially supported using a single solution.
- the metal solution may be an aqueous solution or an organic solvent.
- the reaction temperature when hydrocracking using a catalyst composed of active metal A type and active metal B type is preferably 200 ° C or higher and 450 ° C or lower, and 250 ° C or higher and 430 ° C or lower. More preferably, it is 300 ° C or more and 400 ° C or less.
- the reaction temperature in hydrocracking exceeds 450 ° C, side reactions that decompose into naphtha fractions increase and the yield of middle fractions is extremely unfavorable.
- the temperature is lower than 200 ° C, the activity of the catalyst is remarkably lowered.
- the hydrogen pressure when hydrocracking using a catalyst composed of active metal A type and active metal B type is preferably from IMP a to 20 MPa, and from 4 MPa to 16 MPa. More preferably, it is 6 MPa or more and 13 MPa or less.
- the higher the hydrogen pressure the more the hydrogenation reaction is promoted.
- the decomposition reaction rather slows down and the progress of the reaction needs to be adjusted by increasing the reaction temperature, leading to a decrease in catalyst life. Therefore, there is generally an economic optimal point for the reaction temperature.
- the liquid hourly space velocity (LHS V) when hydrocracking using an active metal type A catalyst is preferably between 0..1 h— 1 and 10 h— 1 , and 0.3 h — More preferably, it is 1 or more and 3.5 h or 1 or less.
- LHS V the more reactive
- an extremely large reaction tower volume is required, which is an excessively large capital investment, which is not economically preferable.
- the liquid hourly space velocity which hydrocracking is carried out using a catalyst composed of the active metal B type (LHS V) is preferably 0. 1 h- 1 or more 2 h- 1 or less, 0. 2 h- 1 or 1. more preferably 71Arufa- 1 or less, 0. 3 h one 1 or more 1. 5 h and more preferably an 1 hereinafter.
- LHS V active metal B type
- the hydrogen / oil ratio when hydrocracking using an active metal type A catalyst is preferably 50 NL / L or more and 1000 NLZL or less, and 70 NL / L or more and 800 NL / L or less. more preferably, is not more than 400 NL / L or more 1 500 NL / L is more preferable.
- a higher hydrogen / oil ratio promotes the hydrogenation reaction, but generally there is an optimal point in the economy.
- the hydrogen / oil ratio when hydrocracking using an active metal B-type catalyst is preferably 150 NL / L or more and 2000 NL / L or less, and more preferably 300 NL / L or more and 1 700 NLZL or less. Is more preferably 40 O.NLZL or more and 1 500 NL / L or less. A higher hydrogen / oil ratio promotes the hydrogenation reaction, but generally there is an optimal point in the economy.
- the apparatus for hydrotreating may have any configuration, the reaction towers may be used alone or in combination, and hydrogen may be additionally injected between the reaction towers, gas-liquid separation operation, hydrogen sulfide removal equipment, It may have a distillation column for fractionating the hydrogenated product and obtaining the desired fraction.
- the reaction format of the hydrotreating equipment can be a fixed bed system.
- Hydrogen can take either a countercurrent or cocurrent flow format with respect to the feedstock, or it can have a plurality of reaction towers and a combination of countercurrent and cocurrent flow.
- the general format is downflow, and there is a gas-liquid co-current format.
- Hydrogen gas may be injected into the middle column of the reaction tower as a quench for the purpose of removing reaction heat or increasing the hydrogen partial pressure.
- the mixed gas used as the raw material for the FT synthesis base material is a carbon-containing substance that is oxidized using oxygen opino or water and Z or carbon dioxide as an oxidant, and, if necessary, a shift using water.
- Petroleum base material is a hydrocarbon base material obtained by processing crude oil. Generally, straight base material obtained from atmospheric distillation equipment, straight-run heavy oil obtained from atmospheric distillation equipment. And a base material obtained by treating the residual coconut oil with a vacuum distillation apparatus, a base material under reduced pressure, a base material under reduced pressure, a catalytic cracking base material obtained by catalytic cracking or hydrocracking desulfurized heavy oil, or a hydrocracking base material. Examples include hydrorefining base materials obtained by hydrorefining petroleum hydrocarbons or hydrodesulfurization base materials.
- non-conventional petroleum resources such as oil shells, oil sands, orinocotal, etc.
- base materials finished to the same performance as the above base materials are also petroleum-based. Can be used according to the substrate.
- the highly hydrogenated petroleum-based base material according to the present invention is a kerosene oil fraction obtained by hydrotreating a predetermined feedstock and further hydrotreating it.
- raw material oil straight-run kerosene oil obtained from atmospheric distillation equipment, straight-run heavy oil obtained from atmospheric distillation equipment and residual oil obtained by processing with reduced-pressure distillation equipment, desulfurization Or, non-desulfurized vacuum kerosene oil, hydrorefined kerosene and hydrodesulfurized kerosene oil obtained by hydrotreating catalytic cracked kerosene obtained by catalytic cracking of vacuum heavy gas oil or desulfurized heavy oil, etc. .
- the hydrorefining conditions may be those processed using a hydrodesulfurization apparatus common in petroleum refining.
- the reaction is performed under conditions such as a reaction temperature of 300 to 380 ° C., a hydrogen pressure of 3 to 8 MPa, LHSVO. 3 to 2 h—hydrogen / oil ratio of 100 to 500 NLZL.
- the hydrorefining conditions must have been processed using a conventional hydrodesulfurization unit in petroleum refining.
- the reaction temperature is 2'20 to 350 ° C
- the hydrogen pressure is 1 to 6 MPa
- LHSVO. 1 to 10 h_hydrogen / oil ratio is 10 to 300 NL / L.
- the active metal is usually a sulfide of a Group 6A group 8 group metal, such as Co-Mo, Ni-Mo, Co-W, Ni-W.
- a porous inorganic oxide mainly composed of alumina is used.
- the feedstock according to the present invention is obtained by the above-described hydrorefining treatment, and preferably has a sulfur content of 5 mass ppm or more and 10 massppm or less, and a boiling point range of 130 ° C or more and 380 ° C or less. .
- sulfur content and boiling point range of the feedstock oil are within the above ranges, the properties specified in the following advanced hydroprocessing can be easily and reliably achieved.
- Advanced hydrotreating can be obtained by using the above-mentioned hydrorefined kerosene as a raw material and further hydrotreating in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.
- Advanced hydrotreating conditions are reaction temperature 170-320 ° C, hydrogen pressure 2-10MP, LHSVO.l-2h hydrogen / oil ratio 100-800NL / L.
- the lower the reaction temperature the more advantageous for the hydrogenation reaction, but not for the desulfurization reaction.
- the equipment for hydrotreating hydrorefined feedstock can be of any configuration, One or a plurality of towers may be combined, hydrogen may be additionally injected between a plurality of reaction towers, and a gas-liquid separation operation or hydrogen sulfide removal equipment may be provided.
- the reaction mode of the hydrotreating apparatus of the present invention can be a fixed bed system.
- Hydrogen may take either a countercurrent or cocurrent flow format with respect to the feedstock, or may have a plurality of reaction towers and a combination of countercurrent and cocurrent flow.
- the general form is downflow, and there is a gas-liquid co-current form.
- Hydrogen gas may be injected into the middle column of the reaction tower as a quench for the purpose of removing heat of reaction or increasing the hydrogen partial pressure.
- the catalyst used for the hydrotreatment is a catalyst in which a hydrogenation active metal is supported on a porous carrier.
- the porous carrier include inorganic oxides such as alumina.
- Specific inorganic oxides include alumina, titaair, zircoa, boria, silica, or zeolite.
- at least one of titaair, zirconia, polya, silica, and zeolite is used as alumina. What is comprised by is good.
- the production method is not particularly limited, but any preparation method can be adopted using raw materials in a state of various sols and salt compounds corresponding to each element.
- the state of alumina or other hydroxides or appropriate N may be prepared by adding in any step of the preparation step in the state of solution.
- the ratio of alumina to other oxides can be any ratio with respect to the porous carrier, but preferably alumina is 90% or less, more preferably 60% or less, more preferably 40% or less. .
- Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates, such as faujasite, pentasil, mordenite, etc., which are ultra-stabilized by prescribed hydrothermal treatment and Z or acid treatment, or alumina in zeolite What adjusted content can be used.
- Forjasite, beta, and mordenite are preferable, and Y type and beta type are particularly preferable.
- Y-type is preferably ultra-stabilized.
- Zeolite super-stabilized by hydrothermal treatment is newly added in the range of 20 to 10 OA in addition to the original pore structure called micropores of 20 A or less. Pores are formed.
- hydrothermal treatment conditions known conditions can be used.
- the active metal of the catalyst used in the hydrotreatment is at least one metal selected from Group 8 metals. Preferably selected from R u, R h, I r, P d, P t It is at least one type, and more preferably P d or / and P t.
- the active metal may be a combination of these metals. For example, P t— P d, P t – R h, P t — Ru, I r – P d, I r – R h, I r – R Combinations such as u, Pt—Pd—Rh, Pt—Rh—Ru, Ir—Pd—Rh, and Ir—Rh—Ru can be adopted.
- a general inorganic salt or a complex salt compound can be used.
- the loading method any of the loading methods used in usual hydrogenation catalysts such as an impregnation method and an ion exchange method can be used.
- the metal solution may be an aqueous solution or an organic solvent.
- the metal loading may be performed after the completion of the entire process of preparing the porous support, or after further supporting on the appropriate oxide, composite oxide or zeolite in the intermediate process for preparing the porous support. A blending step, heat concentration, or kneading may be performed.
- the amount of the active metal supported is not particularly limited, but the total amount of metal is 0.1 to 10 mass with respect to the catalyst mass. / 0 , preferably 0.15-5 mass ° / 0 , more preferably ⁇ 2-3 mass%.
- the catalyst according to the present invention is used after pre-reduction treatment in a hydrogen stream.
- a gas containing hydrogen is circulated and heat of 200 ° C. or higher is given in accordance with a predetermined procedure, the active metal on the catalyst is reduced and hydrogenation activity is expressed.
- the treatment oil derived from animals and plants is composed of hydrocarbons obtained by applying the chemical reaction treatment applied when obtaining the above-mentioned petroleum base material to the oils and fats produced and produced from the animal and plant raw materials. It is a substrate. More specifically, a hydrocarbon fraction containing ingredients derived from animal and vegetable fats and animal fats and oils is used as a feedstock, and at least one metal selected from Groups 6A and 8 of the periodic table and acid properties are selected.
- a hydrocarbon-containing mixed base material which is brought into contact with a hydrocracking catalyst containing an inorganic oxide having hydrogen under pressure.
- the raw material oil for the processed oil derived from animals and plants must be derived from animals and plants oils and animal oils.
- the animal and vegetable oils and fats and animal and vegetable fats and oils-derived components in the present invention refer to animal and vegetable oils and fats and animal and vegetable oils and fats components that are produced or manufactured naturally or artificially.
- Animal fats and oils include beef tallow, milk lipid (putter), pork tallow, sheep fat, whale oil, fish oil, liver oil, etc. Rape, rapeseed, rice bran, The seeds and other parts of sunflower, cottonseed, corn, soybeans, sesame, Amami, etc.
- raw oils may be solid or liquid, but it is preferable to use vegetable oils or vegetable oils as raw materials because of their ease of handling, high carbon dioxide absorption and high productivity. .
- waste oils obtained by using these animal oils and vegetable oils for consumer use, industrial use, food use, etc. can be used as raw materials after adding a step of removing impurities.
- Typical compositions of the fatty acid part of the glyceride compounds contained in these raw materials include butyric acid (C 3 H 7 COOH) and caproic acid, which are fatty acids having no unsaturated bonds in the molecular structure called saturated fatty acids.
- a structure having a side chain that is, The position of the unsaturated bond in the molecule of the unsaturated fatty acid is generally confirmed in nature as long as it satisfies the properties defined in the present invention. Not only those that are present, but also those that are set at any position by chemical synthesis can be used.
- the above-mentioned raw material oils have one or more of these fatty acids, and the fatty acids they have differ depending on the raw materials.
- coconut oil has a relatively large amount of saturated fatty acids such as lauric acid and myristic acid.
- Soybean oil has a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid.
- the feedstock preferably contains a fraction at 250 ° C or higher, more preferably contains a fraction at 300 ° C or higher, and contains a fraction at 360 ° C or higher. It's even better to do it.
- oils and fats derived from animals and plants oils and components derived from animals and plants oils and fats may be used as the raw material oil for the treatment oil derived from animals and plants.
- the ratio of the petroleum-based hydrocarbon fractions from 10 to 99% by volume based on the volume of the total feedstock rather desirable, more desirably 30 to 99 volume 0/0, 60 to 98 volume. / 0 is more desirable.
- the proportion of petroleum hydrocarbon fraction is less than the lower limit, equipment required for treatment of by-product water may be required, and the proportion of petroleum hydrocarbon fraction is the upper limit. In the case of exceeding, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the life cycle carbon dioxide.
- the hydrocracking conditions in the feedstock hydrotreating are as follows: hydrogen pressure 6 to 2 OMPa, liquid space velocity (LHSV) 0.1 to 1.5 h—hydrogen / oil ratio 200 to 2000 NL / L It is desirable to carry out conditions such as hydrogen pressure 8 to 17 MPa, liquid space velocity 0.2 to 1.1 h— 1 , hydrogen oil ratio 300 to 1800 NLZL, elementary pressure 10 to 16 MPa, liquid space velocity Conditions such as 0.3 to 0.9 h 1 and a hydrogen / oil ratio of 350 to 1600 NL / L are more desirable. These conditions are factors that influence the reaction activity.For example, when the hydrogen pressure and the hydrogen oil ratio are less than the lower limit values, there is a risk of causing a decrease in reactivity or a rapid decrease in activity.
- the gas oil composition of the present invention is a fuel used in a diesel engine with a supercharger and EGR having a geometric compression ratio exceeding 16, and it has the following specific properties by blending an FT synthetic base material. is necessary.
- the gas oil composition of the present invention needs to be used in a turbocharger with a geometric compression ratio exceeding 16 and a diesel engine with EGR.
- the light oil composition of the present invention can be used in a diesel engine having a geometric compression ratio of 16 or less and not equipped with a supercharger or an EGR facility. It is not preferable because the effect of reducing the environmental load, which is the purpose of this, cannot be expected.
- the geometric compression ratio is a compression ratio calculated from the physical specifications of the engine.
- the cylinder volume A It shows the value divided by the cylinder's internal volume B in the uppermost position, and is usually about 12 to 22 for a diesel engine.
- the substantial compression ratio can be changed by controlling the intake / exhaust valves and the supercharging pressure.
- the influence of the substantial compression ratio is taken into account.
- the application range is limited by the geometric compression ratio.
- the diesel engine to be used by the light oil composition of the present invention must be equipped with a supercharger and EGR (exhaust gas recirculation). Both are equipment used to improve exhaust gas performance, fuel consumption, and output performance.
- premixed compression ignition combustion is often used as an ignition control application, and the light oil composition of the present invention is designed on the premise of such conditions.
- the present invention does not impose any restrictions with respect to other specifications, applications, and usage environments of the diesel engine to which the light oil composition of the present invention is applied.
- the light oil composition of the present invention is formulated with an FT synthetic base, a sulfur content of 5 mass ppm or less, an oxygen content of 100 mass ppm or less, a bulk modulus of 1250 MPa to 1450 MPa, Is +22 or more, lubrication performance is 4.00 ⁇ m or less, distillation property initial boiling point is 140 ° C or more, end point is 380 ° C or less, and each fraction range has the following characteristics (1) to (3)
- Cetane number in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40.
- the cetane number in the fraction range from 200 ° C to 280 ° C is 30 to less than 60.
- the cetane number in the fraction range above 280 ° C is 50 or more.
- the light oil composition of the present invention is formulated with an FT synthetic base material.
- the sulfur content is 5 mass ppm or less
- the oxygen content is 100 mass ppm or less
- the bulk modulus is 1250 MPa to 145 MPa.
- the Saybolt color is +22 or more
- the lubrication performance is 400 ⁇ m or less
- the distillation property has an initial boiling point of 140 ° C or more
- the end point is 380 ° C or less
- the quality items other than sulfur used in turbochargers with a geometric compression ratio exceeding 16 and diesel engines with EGR are characterized by JIS. It is a diesel oil composition that satisfies No. 1 diesel oil standard (hereinafter referred to as diesel oil composition (1 ⁇ ⁇ )).
- the cetane number in the fraction range below 20 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1% by volume or more and less than 10% by volume.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 20 ° C. or more and less than 28 ° C. is less than 30 ° and less than 60 °, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 40% by volume. More than 9 8 capacity. /. Less than.
- the cetane number in the fraction range above 28 ° C. is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1% by volume or more and 59% by volume or less.
- the 'J I S 1 No. 1 Diesel Standard is a standard that satisfies “Class No. 1” defined in J I S K 2 204 “Diesel”.
- the light cocoon composition of the present invention is formulated with an FT synthetic base material, having a sulfur content of 5 mass ppm or less, an oxygen content of 100 mass ppm or less, and a bulk modulus of 1225 MP.
- diesel oil composition a diesel oil composition that satisfies the JIS No. 2 diesel oil standard (hereinafter referred to as diesel oil composition (No. 2)). '
- the cetane concentration in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 10% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less Full.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 20 ° C. or more and less than 2 80 ° C. is 30 or more and less than 60, and the composition ratio per volume of the whole fraction is 30 volumes. / 0 or more 8 9% or less.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 28 ° C. or higher is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1% by volume or more and 60% by volume. /. Less than.
- the JIS No. 2 diesel oil standard is a standard that satisfies “Type No. 2” defined in JIS K 2204 “Diesel”.
- the light oil composition of the present invention is blended with an FT synthetic base material.
- the sulfur content is 5 mass p pm or less
- the oxygen-containing soot is 100 mass p pm or less
- the bulk modulus is 1250 MPa or more and 145 OMP a.
- the color of sailport is +22 or more
- the lubrication performance is 400 ⁇ or less
- the distillation property has an initial boiling point of 140 ° C or more and an end point of 360 ° C or less
- the following (1) to (3 Gas oil composition that satisfies the JIS No. 3 diesel oil standard for quality items other than sulfur used in turbochargers with a geometric compression ratio exceeding 16 and diesel engines with EGR (hereinafter referred to as diesel oil composition) Things (No. 3).
- the cetane number in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40, and the composition ratio per volume of the whole fraction is 20% to 40% by volume.
- the cetane number in the fraction range from 200 ° C to less than 280 ° C is 30 to less than 60, and the composition ratio per volume of the entire fraction is 30% to 78% by volume. .
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 280 ° C or higher is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1 vol% or more and 50 vol% or less.
- the J I S 3 diesel oil standard is a standard that satisfies “Type 3” specified in J I S K 2204 “Diesel”.
- the light oil composition of the present invention includes an FT synthetic base material, a sulfur content of 5 mass p pm or less, an oxygen content of 100 mass p pm or less, and a bulk modulus of 1250 MPa or more and 145 OMP a.
- the Saybolt color is +22 or more
- the lubrication performance is 400 m or less
- the initial distillation point of distillation properties is 140 ° C or more
- the end point is 350 ° C or less
- the following (1) to ( 3) A gas oil composition that satisfies the JIS No. 3 diesel oil standard in terms of quality items other than the sulfur content used in a suitable feeder having a geometric compression ratio exceeding 16 and a diesel engine with EGR It is a light oil composition (special issue No. 3). ⁇
- the cetane number in the fraction range below 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 40% by volume or more and 70 volumes. /. Less than.
- sedan number in a fraction range of less than 200 ° C above 280 ° C is 60 less than 30 or more and the component ratio per volume in the whole of the fraction 20 volume 0/0 over 5 9 volume% Less than.
- the cetane number in the fraction range at 280 ° C or higher is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less.
- the J IS Special No. 3 Diesel Oil Standard is a standard that satisfies the “Class Special No. 3” defined in J I S K 2204 “Diesel Oil”.
- the sulfur content of the light oil composition of the present invention is required to be 5 mass ppm or less from the viewpoint of reducing harmful exhaust components discharged from the engine and improving the performance of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device, preferably 3 masses. p pm or less, more preferably 1 mass p pm or less.
- the sulfur content here means the mass content of sulfur based on the total amount of light oil composition measured by JISK 2541 “Sulfur content test method J”.
- the oxygen content of the light oil composition of the present invention must be 100 mass ppm or less, preferably 80 mass ppm or less, more preferably 60 mass p from the viewpoint of improving oxidation stability. pm or less.
- the oxygen partial content can be measured by common elemental analyzer, for example, a thermal conductivity detector used after converted to CO 2 the samples were converted to CO on platinum carbon, or Is et a Can also be measured.
- the bulk modulus needs to be from 1 25 OMPa to 1450 MPa.
- a compressible fluid such as light oil
- the fluid itself compresses according to the temperature and pressure in the field, and the density (volume per flow rate) changes.
- the compressive modulus of this object is defined as the bulk modulus (unit: MP a).
- MP a the volume modulus of elasticity for the fuel fluid changes at a certain rate according to the physical characteristics and composition of the fuel itself, as well as the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere in which the fuel is placed.
- the volume modulus of elasticity needs to be not less than 1 25 OMPa and not more than 1 45 OMPa, and preferably not less than 1 27 OMPa and not more than 1 420 MPa. 1 30 OMP a or more and 140 OMP a or less It is more preferable.
- the bulk modulus is not controlled by a single fuel physical property or composition, but is defined as a result of multiple effects of multiple physical properties or compositions. From the technical point of view, it is reasonable to consider the fuel characteristics to be considered in parallel with the physical characteristics and composition.
- Fig. 1 outlines the method.
- Fuel to be measured in a constant volume container made of materials and structures that can demonstrate that the volume change of the container itself due to temperature and pressure changes is sufficiently small compared to the volume change of the fuel in the same environmental change Enclose.
- the container needs to be filled only with the fuel to be measured.
- Inserted into this constant volume container is a constant volume biston made of a material and structure that can prove that the volume change of the biston itself due to changes in temperature and pressure is sufficiently small compared to the volume change of the fuel in the same environmental change. Change the container volume. Since the fuel to be measured is compressed according to its compression elastic characteristics, the pressure in the container changes as a result. By measuring this pressure, the bulk modulus is calculated.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a bulk modulus measuring apparatus.
- a supply valve 2 is provided on the upper surface of the constant volume container 1 so as to communicate with the constant volume container 1
- a discharge valve 3 is connected to a predetermined position of the supply valve 2.
- a temperature sensor 4 and a pressure sensor 5 are provided on the side of the constant volume container 1
- a biston 6 is provided on the lower surface of the constant volume container 1 so as to communicate with the inside of the constant volume container 1.
- the constant volume container 1 and the piston 6 are made of a material and a structure whose capacity change is sufficiently smaller than the volume change of the fuel when the atmospheric temperature and pressure change by a predetermined amount.
- the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 When the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is used, first, the light oil composition 100 to be measured is introduced into the constant volume container 1 from the supply valve 2, and the constant volume container 1 is filled with the light oil composition. Next, the volume in the constant volume container 1 is changed by the piston 6. At this time, the light oil composition is compressed according to its compression elastic characteristics, and as a result, the pressure in the constant volume container 1 changes. The temperature and pressure during the compression process are measured by the temperature sensor 4 and the pressure sensor 5, and the bulk modulus can be calculated based on the obtained measurement value.
- the light oil composition of the present invention must have a Saybolt color of +22 or more, From the viewpoint of removing the chemical stabilization inhibitor, it is preferably +25 or more, more preferably +27 or more.
- Saebold color means a value measured according to JISK 2580 “Petroleum product one-color test method—Saebold color test method”.
- the gas oil composition of the present invention it is necessary that the HFRR wear scar diameter (WS 1. 4) is 400 ⁇ ⁇ below its lubrication performance.
- the lubrication performance is low, especially in a diesel engine equipped with a distributed injection pump, the driving torque of the pump during operation increases and the wear of each part of the pump increases, and the engine itself is destroyed as well as the exhaust gas performance deteriorates. There is a fear.
- the light oil composition of the present invention needs to have an HFRR wear scar diameter (WS 1.4) of 400 ⁇ or less, preferably 380 ⁇ or less, and 360 ⁇ or less. More preferably.
- the lubrication performance and the H F R R wear scar diameter refer to the lubrication performance measured by the Petroleum Institute Standard JPI-5S-50-98 “Diesel Oil-Lubricity Test Method” published by the Japan Petroleum Institute.
- the light oil composition of the present invention needs to be constrained with respect to the fractional fraction and its cetane number.
- the light oil composition of the present invention can be obtained by setting a specific fraction to a specific composition ratio, so that the JIS 1 light oil standard, the JIS 2 light oil standard, the JIS 3 light oil standard and the JIS special 3 light oil standard Gas oil compositions that satisfy the above requirements can be produced individually.
- the roles and restrictions of each fraction are described below. Since the light oil composition (No. 1) of the present invention is premised on use in the summer, if there is too much (a fraction whose distillation property is less than 200 ° C), the high-temperature restartability will deteriorate.
- a fraction category with a distillation property of less than 200 ° C It is necessary that the cetane number in the enclosure is 20 or more and less than 40, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is 1% by volume or more and less than 10% by volume.
- the fraction has a cetane number of preferably 21 or more and 39 or less, and more preferably 22 or more and 38 or less.
- the composition ratio with respect to the total fraction is preferably 2% by volume or more and 9.5% by volume or less, and more preferably 3% by volume or more and 9% by volume or less.
- the light oil composition (No. 1) of the present invention has a middle fraction (a fraction whose distillation property is 20 ° C. or more and less than 28 ° C.) as a central composition. That is, as described above, it is necessary to limit the blending amount of the light fraction and to control the fraction to an appropriate amount in order to maintain the evaporation characteristics while suppressing the deterioration of the high temperature restartability. Similarly, since the main fraction is dominant in terms of ignition, it is preferable to set a slightly higher cetane number for the main fraction that actively ignites.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 200 ° C. or more and less than 2 80 ° C. is 30 or more and less than 60, and the entire fraction
- the composition ratio per volume is 40 capacity. /. More than .9 8 capacity. Must be less than or equal to 0 .
- the fraction preferably has a cetane number of 31 to 59, more preferably 32 to 58.
- the composition ratio with respect to the total fraction is preferably 42% to 97% by volume, more preferably 45% to 95% by volume.
- the heavy fraction (distillation having a distillation property of 28 ° C. or higher) is a fraction having a large calorific value per capacity, and therefore is intended to improve output and fuel consumption. Important in taste.
- this fraction may generate soot if the combustion atmosphere conditions (temperature, pressure, ratio to air, etc.) are not suitable. It is necessary to determine the mixing ratio in consideration of the balance with the light and medium fractions described above.
- the fraction has a slightly slow evaporation rate and requires a sufficient mixing time with air, so a large amount cannot be blended. is there.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 28 ° C or higher is 50 or more, and the composition ratio per volume in the whole fraction is .1% by volume. It must be above 59% by volume.
- the fraction has a cetane number of preferably 52 or more, more preferably 54 or more. all
- the composition ratio to the fraction is preferably 5% by volume or more and 55% by volume or less, and is 10% by volume or more and 50% by volume. / 0 or less is more preferable, and 15 volume% or more and 45 volume% or less is more preferable. Since the light oil composition (No.
- the cetane number in the fraction range with a distillation property of less than 200 ° C was 20 or more and less than 40, and the volume of the entire fraction It is necessary that the composition ratio is 10 volume% or more and less than 20 volume%.
- the fraction has a cetane number of preferably 21 or more and 39 or less, and more preferably 22 or more and 38 or less.
- the composition ratio with respect to the total fraction is preferably 0.1 1% by volume or more and 19.5% by volume or less, more preferably 12% by volume or more and 19% by volume or less.
- the light oil composition (No. 2) of the present invention has a middle composition (a fraction whose distillation property is not less than 200 ° C. and less than 28 ° C.) as a central composition. That is, as described above, it is necessary to control the amount of light fractions to an appropriate amount in order to limit the blending amount of light fractions and maintain the evaporation characteristics while suppressing deterioration of fuel consumption. Similarly, since the main fraction is dominant in terms of ignition, it is preferable to set the cetane number of the main fraction to be positively ignited slightly higher.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 200 ° C. or more and less than 28 ° C. is 30 or more and less than 60, and the volume of the whole fraction is Per unit ratio is 30 capacity. / 0 or more 8 9 capacity. Must be less than or equal to 0 .
- the fraction preferably has a cetane number of 31 to 59, more preferably 32 to 58.
- the composition ratio for all fractions is 32% to 85%. / 0 or less, preferably 35% by volume or more and 80% capacity. /. The following is more preferable.
- the light oil composition No.
- the heavy fraction (distillation with a distillability of 2880 ° C or higher) is a fraction with a large calorific value per capacity, improving output and fuel consumption. It is important in the sense that However, this fraction may generate soot if the combustion atmosphere conditions (temperature, pressure, ratio with air, etc.) are not suitable.
- the light oil composition (No. 2) of the present invention is premised on use in winter, there is a possibility that low temperature fluidity may be a concern when the fraction is too large. It is necessary to determine the mixing ratio in consideration of the balance with the light and medium fractions described above.
- the fraction has a slightly slow evaporation rate and requires sufficient mixing time with air, so a large amount cannot be blended.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 28 ° C or higher is 50 or higher, and the composition ratio per volume in the entire fraction is 1 vol% or higher. 6 0 Ning. Or less.
- the fraction has a cetane number of preferably 52 or more, more preferably 54 or more.
- the composition ratio to the total fraction is preferably 5% by volume or more and 5.5% by volume or less, more preferably 10% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less, and 15% by volume. More preferably, it is 0 or more and 45% by volume or less. Since the light oil composition (No.
- the cetane number in the fraction range with a distillation property of less than 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40, and per unit volume in the whole fraction.
- the composition ratio is 20 capacity. / 0 or more 40 capacity. Must be less than 0 .
- the fraction has a cetane number of preferably 21 or more and 39 or less, and more preferably 22 or more and 38 or less.
- the composition ratio for all fractions is 21% by volume or more and 39.5% by volume. / 0 or less, preferably 22 capacity. / 0 more than 3 9 capacity. /. Is More preferably.
- the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention has a middle composition (a fraction whose distillation property is not less than 200 ° C. and less than 28 ° C.) as a central composition. That is, as described above, it is necessary to control the amount of light fractions to an appropriate amount in order to limit the blending amount of light fractions and maintain the evaporation characteristics while suppressing deterioration of fuel consumption. Similarly, since the main fraction is dominant in terms of ignition, it is preferable to set the cetane number of the main fraction to be positively ignited slightly higher.
- 2 0 0 cetane number in a fraction range of less than ° C or more 2 8 0 D C is less than 3 0 or 6 0, and the volume in the whole of the fraction That proportion is 30 capacity. / 0 or more 7 8 capacity. Must be less than or equal to 0 .
- the fraction preferably has a cetane number of 31 to 59, more preferably 32 to 58.
- the composition ratio for all fractions is 32% to 75%. It is preferably less than 0 'and 3 5 volumes. / 0 or more 70 capacity. More preferably, it is less than or equal to.
- the heavy fraction (distillation having a distillation property of 28 ° C. or higher) is a fraction having a large calorific value per capacity, and is therefore intended to improve output and fuel consumption. Important in taste. However, this fraction may generate soot if the combustion atmosphere conditions (temperature, pressure, ratio with air, etc.) are not suitable. Moreover, since the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention is premised on use in winter, there is a possibility that low-temperature fluidity may be a concern if the fraction is too large. It is necessary to determine the mixing ratio in consideration of the balance with the light and medium fractions described above.
- the fraction has a slightly slow evaporation rate and requires sufficient mixing time with air, so a large amount cannot be blended.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 28 ° C or higher is 50 or higher, and the composition ratio per volume in the entire fraction is 1 vol% or higher. It must be 50% by volume or less.
- the fraction has a cetane number of preferably 52 or more, more preferably 54 or more.
- the composition ratio to the total fraction is preferably 2% by volume or more and 47% by volume or less, and 3 volumes. /. It is more preferably 45 to 50% by volume, and even more preferably 5 to 40% by volume. Since the light oil composition (No.
- the cetane number in the fraction range where the distillation property is less than 200 ° C is 20 or more and less than 40, and the total volume of the fraction is
- the composition ratio is 40% capacity or more 70% capacity. Must be less than or equal to 0 .
- the fraction preferably has a cetane number of 2.1 or more and 39 or less, and more preferably 22 or more and 38 or less than force S.
- the composition ratio of all fractions is 41% by volume or more 69.5%. / 0 or less, preferably 4 2% by volume or more 69. More preferably, it is 0 or less. .
- the gas oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention has a middle composition (a fraction having a distillation property of 20 ° C. or more and less than 2 80 ° C.) as a central composition.
- a middle composition a fraction having a distillation property of 20 ° C. or more and less than 2 80 ° C.
- the main fraction is dominant in terms of ignition, it is preferable to set the cetane number of the main fraction to be positively ignited slightly higher.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 200 ° C. or more and less than 28 ° C. is 30 or more and less than 60, and the volume of the whole fraction is
- the composition ratio per unit is required to be 20% by volume or more and 59% by volume or less.
- the fraction preferably has a cetane number of 31 to 59, more preferably 32 to 58.
- the composition ratio for all fractions is 22 to 22 volumes. / 0 to 5 7% by volume or less, preferably 25 to 5%. / 0 or more 5 5 capacity. It is more preferable that the ratio is 0 or less.
- the heavy fraction (distillate having a distillation property of 28 ° C. or higher) is a fraction having a large calorific value per capacity, which improves output and fuel consumption. It's important in taste. However, this fraction may generate soot if the combustion atmosphere conditions (temperature, pressure, ratio to air, etc.) are not suitable. Ma
- the light oil composition of the present invention (No. 3) is premised on use in winter, there is a possibility that low temperature fluidity may be a concern when the fraction is too large. It is necessary to determine the mixing ratio in consideration of the balance with the light and medium fractions described above.
- the fraction has a slightly slow evaporation rate and requires a sufficient mixing time with air, so a large amount cannot be blended.
- the cetane number in the fraction range of 28 ° C or higher is 50 or higher, and the composition ratio per volume in the entire fraction is 1 vol% or higher. 3 0 capacity. Must be less than or equal to 0 .
- the fraction has a cetane number of preferably 52 or more, more preferably 54 or more.
- the composition ratio for all fractions is 1.5 volumes. More than 2 8 capacity.
- the content is preferably 2% by volume or more and more preferably 26% by volume or less.
- the composition ratio and cetane number of each fraction can be measured by the following two methods.
- the gas oil composition is treated at the initial boiling point to 2 Divide into fractions at 0 ° C, 2800 ° C to 2800 ° C and 2800 ° C to the end point, and measure the composition ratio and cetane number of each fraction.
- the base material to be mixed is fractionated in advance by the above-described fractionator, and the composition ratio and cetane number are measured at that time.
- the test method is JISK 2 2 5 4 "Petroleum products-Distillation test method-Atmospheric pressure method”. Measure the cetane number according to “7.
- Distillation properties of the light oil composition (No. 1) of the present invention satisfy the above characteristics in each fraction, have an initial boiling point of 140 ° C or higher, an end point of 3800 ° C or lower, JIS 1
- the 90% distillation temperature which is No. diesel oil standard, must be 360 ° C or lower.
- the 90% distillation temperature exceeds 3600 ° C, the emission of PM and fine particles tends to increase. Therefore, it is preferably 3550 ° C or less, more preferably 350 ° C or less, Good It is preferably 345 ° C or less.
- the 90% distillation temperature if it is significantly low, it will lead to a deterioration in fuel consumption and a decrease in engine output.
- it is 250 ° C or higher, more preferably 260 ° C or higher, more preferably 270 ° C or higher.
- the initial boiling point must be 140 ° C or higher. If the initial boiling point is less than 140 ° C, engine output and startability at high temperatures may be degraded. Therefore, the initial boiling point is preferably 145 ° C or higher, more preferably 150 ° C or higher.
- the end point must be below 3.80 ° C. When the end point exceeds 380 ° C, the emission of PM and fine particles tends to increase. Therefore, the end point is preferably 375 ° C or lower, more preferably 370 ° C or lower.
- the lower limit is preferably 160 ° C or higher, more preferably 170 ° C or higher, and more preferably 180 ° C in order to suppress deterioration of engine output and startability at high temperatures. ° C or higher.
- the upper limit is preferably 250 ° C. or less, more preferably 245 ° C. or less, and further preferably 230 ° C. or less for the purpose of suppressing deterioration of exhaust gas performance.
- the distillation characteristics of the light oil composition (No. 2) of the present invention satisfy the characteristics of the above-mentioned fractions, the initial boiling point is 140 ° C or higher, the end point is 360 ° C or lower, JIS No. 2 diesel oil standard It is necessary that the 90% distillation temperature is 350 ° C or less.
- the 90% distillation temperature exceeds the upper limit, PM and fine particle emissions tend to increase, so it is preferably 345 ° C or lower, more preferably 340 ° C or lower, and even more preferably 335 ° C or lower. It is. Although there is no lower limit on the 90% distillation temperature, it is preferably 240 ° C or higher, more preferably 250 °, because if it is significantly low, it will lead to deterioration of fuel consumption and reduction of engine output. C or higher, more preferably 260 ° C or higher.
- the initial boiling point must be 140 ° C or higher. If the initial boiling point is less than 140 ° C, engine output and startability at high temperatures may be degraded. Therefore, the initial boiling point is preferably 145 ° C or higher, more preferably 150 ° C or higher.
- the end point must be 360 ° C or lower. When the end point exceeds 360 ° C, the emission of PM and fine particles tends to increase. Therefore, the end point is preferably 368 ° C or lower, more preferably 366 ° C or lower.
- the lower limit value is preferably 160 ° C or higher, more preferably 170 ° C or higher, more preferably, in order to suppress deterioration of engine output and fuel consumption. Is above 80 ° C.
- the upper limit is preferably 250 ° C or lower, more preferably 245 ° C or lower, and further preferably 230 ° C or lower for the purpose of suppressing deterioration of exhaust gas performance.
- the distillation characteristics of the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention satisfy the characteristics of each of the above-mentioned fractions, the initial boiling point is 140 ° C or higher, the end point is 360 ° C or lower, JIS No. 3 diesel oil
- the standard 90% distillation temperature must be 350 ° C or less.
- the 90% distillation temperature exceeds the upper limit, PM and fine particle emissions tend to increase, so it is preferably 345 ° C or lower, more preferably 340 ° C or lower, more preferably 335 ° C or lower. It is. Although there is no lower limit on the 90% distillation temperature, it is preferably 240 ° C or higher, more preferably 250 °, because if it is significantly low, it will lead to deterioration of fuel consumption and reduction of engine output. C or higher, more preferably 260 ° C or higher. .
- the initial boiling point must be 140 ° C or higher. If the initial boiling point is less than 140 ° C, the engine output and startability at high temperatures may be deteriorated. Therefore, the initial boiling point is preferably 145 ° C or higher, more preferably 150 ° C or higher.
- the end point must be below 3600 ° C. When the end point exceeds 360 ° C, the emission of PM and fine particles tends to increase. Therefore, the end point is preferably 358 ° C. or less, and more preferably 3 56 ° C. or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 160 ° C or higher, more preferably 170 ° C or higher, and more preferably 180 ° C in order to suppress deterioration of engine output and fuel consumption. C or higher.
- the upper limit is preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 245 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 230 ° C. or lower for the purpose of suppressing deterioration of exhaust gas performance.
- the gas oil composition of the present invention as the distillation characteristics of the (Japanese No. 3), meet your Keru characterized in each fraction mentioned above and an initial boiling point 140 D C or higher, endpoint 350 ° C or below, JIS Japanese No. 3 gas oil
- the standard 90% distillation temperature must be 330 ° C or lower.
- the 90% distillation temperature exceeds the upper limit, the amount of PM and fine particles discharged tends to increase. Therefore, it is preferably 32 S ° C or less, more preferably 320 ° C or less, Preferably it is 315 ° C or lower. Also, although there is no lower limit on the 90% distillation temperature, it is preferably 240 ° C or higher, more preferably 250 °, because if it is significantly low, it will lead to deterioration of fuel consumption and reduction of engine output. C or higher, more preferably 260 ° C or higher.
- the initial boiling point must be 140 ° C or higher. If the initial boiling point is less than 140 ° C, engine output and startability at high temperatures may be degraded. Therefore, the initial boiling point is preferably 145 ° C or higher, more preferably 150 ° C or higher.
- the end point needs to be 350 ° C or less. When the end point exceeds 350 ° C, the emission of PM and fine particles tends to increase. Therefore, the end point is preferably 348 ° C or lower, more preferably 346 ° C or lower.
- the lower limit value is preferably 160 ° C or higher, more preferably 170 ° C or higher, more preferably 180 ° C or higher, in order to suppress deterioration of engine output and fuel consumption. It is.
- the upper limit is preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 245 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 230 ° C. or lower for the purpose of suppressing deterioration of exhaust gas performance.
- the initial boiling point, 10% distillation temperature, 90% distillation temperature, and end point all mean values measured according to JIS K 2254 “Petroleum product one distillation test method one atmospheric pressure method”.
- the cetane index of the light oil composition (No. 1) of the present invention needs to satisfy the J I S 1 light oil standard of 50 or more.
- the cetane index is preferably 52 or more, and more preferably 55 or more.
- the upper limit of the cetane index is not limited, but if it exceeds 75, soot emissions during acceleration tend to deteriorate, so the cetane index is preferably 75 or less, more preferably 74 or less, and 7.3 or less Is more preferable.
- the cetane index of the light oil composition (No. 2), the light oil composition (No. 3) and the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention is JIS No. 2 diesel oil standard, JIS No. 3 diesel oil standard, JIS No. 3 No. light It is necessary to satisfy the oil standard of 45 or higher.
- the cetane index is less than 45, the concentration of PM, aldehydes, or NOX in the exhaust gas tends to increase.
- the cetane index is 47 or more, More preferably, it is 50 or more.
- the cetane index is preferably 75 or less, and 74 or less. More preferred is 73 or less.
- the cetane index referred to in the present invention is the calculation of the cetane index using the 8.4 variable equation of JISK 2280 “Petroleum products / fuels / octane number / cetane number test method and cetane index calculation method”. Value calculated by “method”.
- the cetane index in the above IS standard is generally applied to light oil to which no cetane number improver is added, but in the present invention, a light oil composition to which a cetane number improver is added.
- a cetane number improver is added.
- the cetane number in the gas oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the characteristics of each fraction described above, but knock prevention and emission during diesel combustion.. ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ and aldehyde in gas From the standpoint of reducing the amount of emissions, it is preferably 30 or more, more preferably 35 or more, and still more preferably 40 or more. Further, from the viewpoint of reducing black smoke in the exhaust gas, the cetane number is preferably 70 or less, more preferably 68 or less, and even more preferably 66 or less.
- the cetane number here refers to “7. Cetane number test method” in “JISK 2280” Petroleum products / fuels / octane number / cetane number test method and cetane index calculation method ”. Means cetane number to be measured.
- the flash points of the light oil composition (No. 1) and the light oil composition (No. 2) of the present invention must satisfy the J I S 1 diesel oil standard and the J I S 2 diesel oil standard of 50 ° C or higher, respectively. If the flash point is less than 50 ° C, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of safety, so the flash point is preferably 52 ° C or more, more preferably 54 ° C or more. .
- the flash point of the light oil composition (No. 3) and the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention must satisfy the JIS No. 3 diesel oil standard and the JIS No. 3 diesel oil standard of 45 ° C or higher, respectively. There is. When the flash point is less than 45 ° C, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of safety. Therefore, the flash point is preferably 47 ° C or more, and more preferably 50 ° C or more.
- the flash point in the present invention is a value measured by JIS K 2 26.5 “Crude oil and petroleum product flash point test method”.
- the clogging point of the light oil composition (No. 1) of the present invention must satisfy the J I S 1 light oil standard of 1 ° C or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of preventing the prefilter blockage of the diesel vehicle and maintaining the injection performance of the electronically controlled fuel injection pump, it is preferably 13 ° C or lower, and more preferably 15 ° C or lower.
- the clogging point of the light oil composition (No. 2) of the present invention must satisfy the J IS No. 2 light oil standard of 15 ° C or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of preventing the pre-filter blockage of a diesel vehicle and maintaining the injection performance of the electronically controlled fuel injection pump, it is preferably 17 ° C or lower, more preferably 110 ° C or lower. .
- the clogging point of the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention must satisfy J I S 3 light oil standard of 112 ° C or less. Further, from the viewpoint of preventing the prefilter blockage of the diesel vehicle and maintaining the injection performance of the electronically controlled fuel injection pump, it is preferably 113 ° C. or less, and 115 ° C. or less. More preferred.
- the clogging point of the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention needs to satisfy J. S. No. 3 diesel oil standard of 11.9 ° C or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of preventing the pre-filter blockage of a diesel vehicle and maintaining the injection performance of the electronically controlled fuel injection pump, it is preferably 122 ° C or less, more preferably 125 ° C or less. preferable.
- the clogging point means the clogging point measured by J I S K 2 2 8 8 “Test method for light oil clogging point”.
- the pour point of the light oil composition (No. 1) of the present invention needs to satisfy 12.5 ° C or less which is the J I S 1 light oil standard. Further, from the viewpoint of ensuring low temperature startability or low temperature drivability, and maintaining the injection performance of the electronically controlled fuel injection pump, it is preferably ⁇ 5 ° C or lower, and is not higher than 7.5 ° C. It is more preferable.
- the pour point of the light oil composition (No. 2) of the present invention needs to satisfy 17.5 ° C or less which is the J I S 2 light oil standard. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring low temperature startability or low temperature drivability, and maintaining the injection performance of the electronically controlled fuel injection pump, it is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C or lower, and 12.5 ° C or lower. More preferably.
- the pour point of the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention must satisfy the JIS No. 3 light oil standard of 120 ° C or lower. Furthermore, the viewpoint of ensuring low temperature startability or low temperature drivability, in addition, from the standpoint of maintaining the injection performance of the electronically controlled fuel injection pump, it is preferably ⁇ 22.5 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1.25 ° C. or lower.
- the pour point of the diesel oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention must satisfy the J IS Special No. 3 diesel oil standard of 30 ° C or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring low temperature startability or low temperature drivability and maintaining the injection performance of the electronically controlled fuel injection pump, it is preferably 12.5 ° C or less, and at -35 ° C or less. More preferably.
- the pour point means a pour point measured according to JI S K 2226 9 “Pour point of crude oil and petroleum products and cloud point test method of petroleum products”.
- the kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C of the light oil composition (No. 1) of the present invention needs to be 2.7 mm 2 / s or more, which is JIS No. 1 light oil standard, and 2.75 mm 2 / s or more Preferably, it is 2.8 mm 2 / s or more.
- the kinematic viscosity is 2.7 mm 2 / s (if it is less than this, it tends to be difficult to control the fuel injection timing on the fuel injection pump side, and in each part of the fuel injection pump mounted on the engine)
- the upper limit of kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C, but the resistance in the fuel injection system increases, the injection system becomes unstable, and NO x in the exhaust gas
- it is preferably 5 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 4.8 mm 2 Zs or less, and even more preferably 4.5 mmV s or less. More preferred.
- Kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C of the gas oil composition of the present invention is a necessary force S is 2. 5 mm 2 / s or more is JIS No. 2 gas oil specification, 2. 5 5 mm 2 / s It is preferably at least 2.6 mm 2 / s. If the kinematic viscosity is less than 2.5 mm 2 / s, it tends to be difficult to control the fuel injection timing on the side of the fuel injection pump, and lubrication in each part of the fuel injection pump mounted on the engine May be impaired.
- the kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C of the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention must be 2.0 mm 2 / s or more, which is JIS No. 3 light oil standard, and 2.05 mm 2 / s or more Ah 2. It is more preferable to be at least lmm 2 / s. If the kinematic viscosity is less than 2. Omm s, it tends to be difficult to control the fuel injection timing on the fuel injection pump side, and the lubricity of each part of the fuel injection pump mounted on the engine is impaired. There is a risk of being.
- the kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C of the diesel oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention must be JIS No. 3 diesel oil standard of 1.7 mm 2 / s or more, and 1. 75 mm 2 / s or more is preferable, and 1.8 mm 2 cm 3 or more is more preferable.
- the kinematic viscosity is less than 1.7 mm 2 / s, it tends to be difficult to control the fuel injection timing on the fuel injection pump side, and the lubricity of each part of the fuel injection pump mounted on the engine is impaired. There is a risk of being.
- the internal resistance of the fuel injection system increases and the injection system becomes unstable, suppressing the increase in NO x and PM concentrations in the exhaust gas.
- it is preferably 5 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 4.8 mm s or less, and further preferably 4.5 mni 2 s or less.
- the kinematic viscosity here means the kinematic viscosity measured according to JIS K 2283 “Crude oil and petroleum products kinematic viscosity test method and viscosity index calculation method”.
- the 10% residual carbon content of the gas oil composition of the present invention is required to be not more than 0.1% by mass, which is J I S 1, 2, 3, and No. 3 diesel oil standards. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing fine particles and PM, maintaining the performance of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device mounted on the engine, and preventing filter clogging by sludge, 0.08% by mass or less is preferable, and 0.05% by mass The following is more preferable.
- the 10% residual carbon content here means the value measured by J ISK 2270 “Crude oil and petroleum products” Residual carbon content test method ”.
- the peroxide value after the accelerated oxidation test (oxidation stability test) of the light oil composition of the present invention is preferably 50 mass ppm or less from the viewpoint of storage stability and suitability for components. pm or less is more preferable, and 30 mass p pm or less Is more preferable.
- the hyperghosting price after the accelerated oxidation test here refers to the accelerating oxidation test under the conditions of 95 ° C, oxygen bubbling and 16 hours in accordance with AST MD 2274-94. Peroxide value measured in accordance with standard JPI -5 S-46-96.
- additives such as an antioxidant and a metal deactivator can be appropriately added to the light oil assembly composition of the present invention.
- the aromatic content of the gas oil composition of the present invention is preferably 15% by volume or less, more preferably 14% by volume or less, and further preferably 13% by volume or less. Even more preferably, it is 12% by volume or less.
- the aromatic content is 15% by volume or less, the production of PM and the like can be suppressed, and the environment-responsive performance can be exhibited even in diesel combustion and premixed compression ignition combustion, and the light oil composition of the present invention The stipulated properties can be achieved more easily and reliably.
- the aromatic content here is measured in accordance with JPI-5 S-49 1 97 “Hydrocarbon Type Test Method—High-Speed Liquid Cup Matograph Method” published by the Japan Petroleum Institute. Means the percentage by volume (volume%) of the aromatic content.
- the naphthene content of the gas oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is 50 mass. / 0 or less is preferable, 45% by mass or less is more preferable, and 40% by mass or less is more preferable.
- the naphthene content is 50% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress the production of PM and the like, and to exhibit environmental performance in diesel combustion and premixed compression ignition combustion, and in the light oil composition of the present invention.
- the specified properties can be achieved more easily and reliably.
- the naphthene content mentioned here is the mass percentage of naphthene (measured according to AS TM D2425 “Standard Tes Me thod for Hydrocarbon Ty esin Midi Distillates by Ma ss Spectrome try ⁇ ) ( Mass%).
- normal paraffin content normal paraffin content
- GC methyl silicon chiral ram
- FID hydrogen ion detector
- the column length is 30 m
- the carrier gas flow rate is 1.
- OmLZm in This is the value measured under the following conditions: split ratio 1:79, sample injection temperature 360 ° C, column temperature rise condition 140 ° C ⁇ (8 ° C / min) ⁇ 355 ° C, detector temperature 360 ° C.
- the density at 15 ° C of the light oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 760 kggm 3 or more, more preferably 765 kg / m 3 or more, from the viewpoint of securing a calorific value. More preferably, k gZm 3 or more. Further, the density, n0x, from the viewpoint of reducing the emissions of Romyu, preferably at 840 k gZm 3 or less, more preferably 835 k gZm 3 below, preferably to more that 830 kg / m 3 or less.
- the density here means the density measured according to JISK 2249 “Density test method for crude oil and petroleum products and density / mass / capacity conversion table”.
- the cloud point of the light oil composition (No. 1) of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is one from the viewpoint of ensuring low-temperature startability or low-temperature operability and maintaining the injection performance of an electronically controlled fuel injection pump. It is preferable to satisfy 1 ° C or less, more preferably 13 ° C or less, still more preferably 15 ° C or less.
- the cloud point of the light oil composition (No. 2) of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ensuring low temperature startability or low temperature operability, and maintaining the injection performance of an electronically controlled fuel injection pump. It is preferably 1 ° C. or lower, more preferably 14 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 15 ° C. or lower.
- the cloud point of the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ensuring low temperature startability or low temperature operability, and maintaining the injection performance of an electronically controlled fuel injection pump. It is preferably 1 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 11 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably 1 12 ° C. or lower.
- the cloudiness point of the light oil composition (No. 3) of the present invention satisfies 1 15 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1 16 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably 17 ° C. or lower.
- the cloudy point here is JIS 'K 2269 "Pour point of crude oil and petroleum products. The pour point measured according to “Petroleum cloud point test method”.
- the moisture content of the light oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of preventing freezing at low temperatures and preventing corrosion inside the engine, it is preferably 100 capacities or less, more preferably 50 volume p pm or less, more preferably 20 volume p pm or less.
- the water content here means a value measured by JISK 2275 “Risk test method for crude oil and petroleum products-Karl Fischer-type coulometric titration method”.
- the total insoluble soot after the oxidative stability test is preferably 2. Omg / 10 OmL or less, and 1.5 mg, 10 OmL or less. More preferably: 1. Omg / 10 OmL or less is further preferable, and 0.5 m.g / l 0 OmL or less is even more preferable.
- the oxidation stability test is conducted under conditions of 95 ° C and 16 hours under oxygen publishing in accordance with ASTM D 2274-94.
- the total insoluble matter after the oxidation stability test here means a value measured in accordance with the oxidation stability test.
- an appropriate amount of additives such as a low temperature fluidity improver, a lubricity improver, a cetane number improver, and a detergent can be blended as necessary.
- a low temperature fluidity improver can be added to the diesel oil composition of the present invention from the viewpoint of preventing filter blockage in diesel vehicles.
- the addition amount is preferably 20 OmgZL or more and 100 Omg / L or less in terms of active ingredient concentration, and more preferably 300 mgZL or more and 80 Omg / L or less.
- the type of the low temperature fluidity improver is not particularly limited.
- hydrocarbyl-substituted amines with linear compounds such as oxalic acid amides, dibehenate esters of polyethylene glycol, acids such as phthalic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and utlyloacetic acid or their anhydrides
- linear compounds such as oxalic acid amides, dibehenate esters of polyethylene glycol, acids such as phthalic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and utlyloacetic acid or their anhydrides
- One or more low-temperature fluidity improvers such as comb polymers made of polar nitrogen compounds, alkyl fumarate or alkyltaconate monounsaturated ester copolymers, etc. can be used.
- a copolymer of ethylene and methyl methacrylate a copolymer of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin, a chlorinated methylene monoacetic acid butyl copolymer, an unsaturated carboxylic acid Alkyl ester polymers, esters synthesized from saturated fatty acids with nitrogen-containing compounds having hydroxyl groups or salts thereof, esters and amide derivatives synthesized from polyhydric alcohols and saturated fatty acids, polyoxyalkylene glycols and saturated fatty acids Synthesized esters, esters synthesized from polyhydric alcohols or alkylene oxide adducts of partial esters thereof and saturated fatty acids, chlorinated paraffin nonaphthalene condensates, alkyl succinic acid amides, amine salts of sulfobenzoic acid
- a low temperature fluidity improver combining one or more selected from the above can also be used.
- ethylene monoacetate butyl copolymer additive can be preferably used.
- products that are marketed as low-temperature fluidity improvers are sometimes diluted with an appropriate solvent because the active ingredient (active ingredient) that contributes to low-temperature fluidity may be diluted.
- the above-mentioned added amount means the added amount (active ingredient concentration) as an active ingredient.
- the addition of the lubricity improver to the light oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the lubricating performance falls within the above-mentioned preferable range, but is preferably added for the reason of preventing wear of the fuel injection pump.
- the amount added is preferably 2 O mg / L or more and 20 O mg / L or less in terms of active ingredient concentration, and is preferably 50 mg ZL or more and 1.8 mg / L or less. More preferred.
- the addition amount of the lubricity improver is within the above range, the effect of the added lubricity improver can be effectively extracted. For example, in a diesel engine equipped with a distributed injection pump, Increase in driving torque can be suppressed and pump wear can be reduced.
- the type of the lubricity improver is not particularly limited, but for example, one or more of the lubricity improvers such as strong rubonic acid, ester, and alcohol opiphenol can be used arbitrarily. Is possible.
- carboxylic acid-based and ester-based lubricity improvers are preferable.
- the carboxylic acid-based lubricity improver include linoleic acid, oleic acid, salicylic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, hexadecenoic acid and a mixture of two or more of the above carboxylic acids.
- ester-based lubricity improvers include carboxylic acid esters of glycerin.
- the carboxylic acid constituting the carboxylic acid ester may be one kind or two or more kinds, and examples thereof include linoleic acid, oleic acid, salicylic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, hexadecenoic acid. Etc. '
- an appropriate amount of a cetane number improver can be blended as necessary to improve the cetane number of the resulting light oil composition.
- cetane number improver various compounds known as light oil cetane number improvers can be arbitrarily used, and examples thereof include nitrates and organic peroxides. These cetane improvers may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a nitrate ester Such nitrates include 2-chloroethyl nitrate, 2-ethoxychetillate, isopropyl nitrate, butyl nitrate, first amyl nitrate, second amyl nitrate, isoamil nitrate, first hexyl nitrate, and second hexyl nitrate.
- the content of the cetane improver is preferably 50 Omg / L or more based on the total amount of the composition, more preferably 60 Omg / L or more, and further preferably 70 Omg / L or more, More preferably, it is 80 Omg / L or more, and most preferably 90 OmgZL or more.
- the cetane improver content is less than 50 Omg / L, a sufficient cetane number improvement effect cannot be obtained, and PM, aldehydes, and NO X in diesel engine exhaust gas cannot be sufficiently reduced. There is a tendency.
- the upper limit of the dietary content of the cetane improver is not particularly limited, but is preferably 140 OmgZL or less, more preferably 125 OmgZL or less, based on the total amount of light oil composition. More preferably, it is Omg / L or less, and most preferably 100 Omg / L or less.
- cetane number improver one synthesized according to a conventional method may be used, or a commercially available product may be used.
- what is marketed as a cetane number improver is usually obtained by diluting an active ingredient that contributes to improving the cetane number (ie, the cetane number improver itself) with an appropriate solvent.
- the content of the active ingredient in the light oil composition is preferably within the above range.
- a detergent can be added to the light oil composition of the present invention as necessary.
- Detergent There are no particular restrictions on the components of the alkenyl succinic acid imide such as, for example, an imidazole compound; Succinic acid ester such as polysutyl succinic acid ester synthesized from polyhydric alcohol such as pentaerythritol and polybutenyl succinic anhydride; dialkylaminoethyl methacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol methacrylate), butyl pyrrolidone, etc. Examples include copolymer polymers such as copolymers with alkyl methacrylates, and ashless detergents such as reaction products of carboxylic acids and amines.
- reaction products of alkelluccinic acid imides and carboxylic acids and amines preferable.
- These detergents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of using an alkenyl succinic acid imide include the use of an alkenyl succinic acid imide having a molecular weight of about 100 to 300 and a molecular weight of about 700 to 200
- alkenyl succinic acid imide is mixed with alkenyl succinic acid imide having a molecular weight of about 100-200.
- the carboxylic acid constituting the reaction product of the carboxylic acid and the amine may be one type or two or more types. Specific examples thereof include fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 7 to 7 carbon atoms.
- Aromatic carboxylic acids and the like examples include, but are not limited to, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and the like. Examples of the aromatic carboxylic acid having 7 to 24 carbon atoms include benzoic acid and salicylic acid, but are not limited thereto.
- the amine constituting the reaction product of the carboxylic acid and the amine may be one type or two or more types. The amine used here is typically oleiramine, but is not limited thereto, and various amines can be used.
- the amount of detergent is not particularly limited, but in order to bring out the effect of adding the detergent, specifically, the effect of suppressing the clogging of the fuel injection nozzle, the amount of detergent is 3 O based on the total amount of the composition. It is preferably at least mg / L, more preferably at least 6 O mg / L, and even more preferably at least 8 O mg ZL. There is a possibility that the effect does not appear even if an amount less than 30 mg / L is added. On the other hand, even if the amount is too large, a corresponding effect cannot be expected.On the other hand, NO x, PM, aldehydes, etc. in diesel engine exhaust gas may be increased.
- Commercially available detergents are usually obtained after the active ingredients that contribute to neatness are diluted with an appropriate solvent.
- the content of the active ingredient in the light oil composition is preferably within the above range.
- additives include, for example, antioxidants such as phenols and amines; metal deactivators such as salicylidene derivatives; corrosion inhibitors such as aliphatic amines and alkyl succinates; anions and cations
- antioxidants such as phenols and amines
- metal deactivators such as salicylidene derivatives
- corrosion inhibitors such as aliphatic amines and alkyl succinates
- Anti-static agents such as surfactants and amphoteric surfactants
- coloring agents such as azo dyes
- silicone-based antifoaming agents such as 2-methoxyethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and polydalicol ether Can be mentioned.
- the addition amount of other additives can be arbitrarily determined.
- the addition amount of each additive is preferably 0.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.2% by mass based on the total amount of the light oil composition. It is as follows.
- the present invention by using the light oil composition produced by the above production method, fraction regulation and the like, it has been difficult to realize with a conventional light oil composition in a summer or winter environment. It is possible to provide high-quality diesel oil that can simultaneously achieve high-level practical performance and environmentally friendly performance that can be applied to premixed compression ignition combustion.
- the light oil composition of the present invention can be suitably used as a light oil composition for summer or winter that is suitable for both diesel combustion and premixed compression ignition combustion.
- the properties of the light oil composition were measured by the following method.
- the composition ratio and cetane number of each fraction are measured after fractionation after preparation of the base material.
- Density refers to the density measured according to JISK 2249 “Density of crude oil and petroleum products 'Test methods and density / mass / capacity conversion table”'.
- Kinematic viscosity refers to the kinematic viscosity measured according to J I S K 2283 “Crude oil and petroleum products single kinematic viscosity test method and viscosity index calculation method”.
- the flash point is the value measured by J I S K 226 5 “Crude oil and petroleum product flash point test method”.
- Sulfur content refers to the mass content of sulfur content based on the total amount of light oil composition measured by JI S K 2 54 1 “Sulfur content test method”.
- Oxygen partial content (oxygen content)
- the samples were converted to CO on platinum carbon, or a value measured using a thermal conductivity detector after converted to CO 2 in further.
- E 200—E ibp, E 280—E 200, and E ep—E 280 are the distillate distillate (capacity /.) From the initial distillation point to 200 ° C. This means the distillate distillate volume (volume%) up to 280 ° C, and the distillate distillate volume (volume%) from distillation 280 ° C to the end point.
- the normal paraffin content means a value (% by mass) measured using the above-described GC-FID.
- the aromatic content is measured according to the Petroleum Institute Method JPI-5 S-49-97 7 “Hydrocarbon Type Test Method—High Performance Liquid Chromatograph Method” published by the Japan Petroleum Institute.
- the volume percentage of the content. (Volume%) means.
- Naphthene compound content means mass percentage (mass./o) of naphthene content measured according to ASTM D 2524 ⁇ Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry.
- the volume modulus of elasticity was calculated based on the change in pressure in the container when the fuel to be measured was sealed in the constant volume container and the fixed volume of biston was inserted into it.
- Cloudy point means the cloud point measured according to JI S K 2226 9 “Pour point of crude oil and petroleum products and cloud point test method of petroleum products”.
- the clogging point means the clogging point measured by JI S K 2288 “Test method for light oil clogging point”.
- the pour point is JISK 2269 “Pour point of crude oil and petroleum products and petroleum products. It means the pour point measured according to “Cloud point test method”. '
- the cetane index refers to the value calculated according to “8.4 Calculation Method of Cetane Index Using Variable Equations” in JISK 2280 “Petroleum Product / Fuel Oil / Octane Number and Cetane Number Test Method and Cetane Index Calculation Method”. Note that the cetane index in the above JIS standard does not apply to the cetane number improver added, but in the present invention, the cetane index of the cetane number improver added is It shall represent the value calculated by “Calculation method of cetane index used”.
- the cetane number means the cetane number measured in accordance with “7. Cetane number test method” in J I S K 2280 “Petroleum products / Fuel oil / Octane number and cetane number test method and cetane index calculation method”.
- Hue means the Saybolt color measured according to the Saybolt color test method described in JIS K 2580 “Petroleum product one-color test method”.
- the residual carbon content of 10% residual oil means the residual carbon content of 10% residual oil as measured by JIS K 2270 “Testing method for residual carbon content of crude oil and petroleum products”.
- Peroxide value after oxidation stability test (peroxide value) is accelerating oxidation under conditions of 95 ° C, oxygen publishing for 16 hours in accordance with AS TM D 2274-94.
- Standard j PI-5 Means a value measured according to S-46-96.
- the total insoluble matter after oxidation stability test (total insoluble matter) is the value after accelerated oxidation under conditions of 95 ° C and oxygen publishing for 16 hours in accordance with AS TM D 2274-94. Means the value to be measured.
- the lubrication performance and the HFRR wear scar diameter are determined based on the lubrication performance measured by the Petroleum Institute Standard JPI-5 S-50-98 “Diesel Oil-Lubricity Test Method” issued by the Japan Petroleum Institute. Point to.
- Moisture refers to the moisture measured by the Karl Fischer-type coulometric titration method described in J I S K 2275 “Method for testing moisture of crude oil and petroleum products”.
- a gas oil composition shown in Table 2 was prepared by blending base materials having the properties shown in Table 1 (Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3).
- FT synthesis base materials 1-3 are mixed hydrocarbons obtained by hydrotreating natural gas with wax and middle distillate by FT reaction. However, since each reaction condition (degree of isomerization) is different, it is a base material with a different saturated hydrocarbon content.
- the advanced hydrotreatment base material is a hydrocarbon base material that has been further hydrotreated to a light oil base material to further reduce sulfur and aromatization. Processed oil derived from animals and plants is hydrotreated using palm oil (hole component) as a raw material to remove miscellaneous components. Hydrorefined diesel oil is equivalent to commercially available diesel oil used in summer.
- High compression ratio fuels are formulated for high compression ratio diesel engines by blending appropriate amounts of FT synthesis base materials, hydrorefining base materials, and advanced hydroprocessing base materials. Therefore, except for the mixing ratio of each fraction and the cetane number of each fraction, the other specifications satisfy the items required for the light oil composition of the present invention. Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were produced using appropriate amounts or all of these.
- the additives used in this example are as follows.
- Lubricant improver Carboxylic acid mixture based on oleic acid
- the light oil compositions used in the examples are shown in Table 2, and were prepared by blending 20% by volume or more of FT synthetic base material. Further, as is apparent from Table 2, in Examples 1 to 3 in which the FT synthesis base material was blended within the range specified in the present invention, a light oil composition satisfying the specified properties was easily and reliably obtained. I was able to get it. On the other hand, as shown in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, when the light oil composition was prepared without using the above specific light oil base material, the fraction composition ratio of the specific base material used satisfied the specified properties. If not, the light oil composition intended by the present invention is not necessarily obtained.
- the control part of the electronically controlled common rail fuel injection pump was partially improved, and the test was performed on an experimental engine that enabled control of the injection timing.
- the test was conducted under steady conditions (1 200 rpm, equivalent to 25% load (the amount of heat input between fuels is constant), fuel injection timing: 30 ° CA before top dead center, intake conditions: constant room temperature), NOx, Smoke
- the effective ignition delay period was measured.
- the effective ignition delay period is a value obtained by subtracting the ignition start timing from the fuel injection end timing, and if this value is positive, it means that almost all of the injected fuel has time to mix with air and air. Premixed combustion will proceed more effectively.
- Comparative Example 1 was set at 100, and the measurement results for each fuel were expressed as relative values (smaller values indicate better results).
- the test method related to the engine test is in accordance with Annex 29 “Technical Standards for Diesel Vehicles 1 3 Mode Emission Measurements”, attached to the new standard for automobile examinations supervised by the former Ministry of Transport.
- the temperature in the test room will remain constant at around 35 ° C. After completion of the diesel combustion test, hold the engine idle for about 1 minute. Then stop the engine and leave it for 5 minutes to restart the engine. At this time, if the engine starts normally (Yes), if it does not start If it takes more than 10 seconds to start or malfunction after starting (hunting, stumble, vehicle speed drop, engine stop, etc.) ) Is rejected (X).
- FT synthetic substrates 4 to 6 are hydrocarbon mixtures obtained by subjecting natural gas to wax and middle distillation by FT reaction and hydrotreating it.
- the reaction conditions (degree of isomerization) ) Are different, so they have different saturated hydrocarbon contents.
- the advanced hydrotreatment base material is a hydrocarbon base material that has been further hydrotreated to a light oil base material to further reduce sulfur and aromatization.
- Processed oil derived from animals and plants is hydrotreated using palm oil (hole component) as a raw material to remove miscellaneous components. Hydrorefined diesel oil is equivalent to commercially available diesel oil used in winter.
- High compression ratio fuels are formulated for high compression ratio diesel engines by blending appropriate amounts of FT synthetic base, hydrogen refined base, and advanced hydroprocessing base. Therefore, except for the mixing ratio of each fraction and the cetane number of each fraction, the other specifications satisfy the items required for the light oil composition of the present invention. Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were produced using appropriate amounts or total amounts thereof.
- the additives used in this example are as follows.
- Lubricant improver Carboxylic acid mixture based on linoleic acid
- the blending ratio of the blended diesel oil composition and the blended diesel oil composition density at 15 ° C, kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C, flash point, sulfur content, oxygen content, Distillation properties, cetane index, cetane number, aromatics content, naphthene compound content, volumetric modulus, cloudy point, clogging point, pour point, hue, 10% residual carbon residue, oxidation stability Table 5 shows the results of measuring the total insoluble matter, peroxide value, wear scar diameter, and moisture after the test.
- the light oil composition used in the examples was prepared by blending 20% by volume or more of FT synthetic base material. Further, as is apparent from Table 5, in Examples 4 to 6 in which the FT synthetic base material was blended within the range defined by the present invention, a light oil composition satisfying the defined properties was easily and reliably obtained. I was able to. On the other hand, as shown in Comparative Examples 4 to 6, when the light oil composition was prepared without using the above specific light oil base material, or when the specific base material was used, the fractional composition ratio satisfied the specified properties. If not, the light oil composition intended by the present invention is not necessarily obtained.
- the effective ignition delay period is a value obtained by subtracting the ignition start timing from the fuel injection end timing. If this value is positive, it means that almost all of the sprayed fuel has time to mix with air. Combustion will proceed more effectively.
- the test method for the engine test is in accordance with Annex 29 “Technical Standards for Diesel Vehicles 13 3-Mode Emission Measurements”, attached to the new standards for automobile inspections supervised by the Ministry of Transportation.
- Vehicle specifications Vehicle 1
- a gas oil composition shown in Table 8 was prepared by blending base materials having the properties shown in Table 7 (Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9).
- FT synthesis base materials 7-9 are hydrocarbon mixtures obtained by subjecting natural gas to natural gas and middle distillation by FT reaction and subjecting it to hydrogenation treatment. The reaction conditions (degree of isomerization) ) Are different, so they have different saturated hydrocarbon contents.
- the advanced hydrotreatment base material is a hydrocarbon base material that has been further hydrotreated to a light oil base material to further reduce sulfur and aromatization. Processed oil derived from animals and plants is hydrotreated using palm oil (hole component) as a raw material to remove miscellaneous components. Hydrorefined diesel oil is equivalent to commercial diesel oil used in winter.
- High compression ratio fuels are formulated for high compression ratio diesel engines by blending appropriate amounts of FT synthetic base material, hydrorefining base material, and advanced hydroprocessing base material. Therefore, except for the mixing ratio of each fraction and the cetane number of each fraction, the other specifications satisfy the items required for the light oil composition of the present invention.
- Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9 were produced using a proper amount or a total amount thereof.
- the additives used in this example are as follows.
- Lubricant improver Carboxylic acid mixture based on linoleic acid
- the blending ratio of the blended diesel oil composition and, for this blended diesel oil composition 15 ° C Density, kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C, flash point, sulfur content, acidity content, distillation properties, cetane index, cetane number, aromatic content, naphthene compound content, volumetric modulus, cloudy Table 8 shows the results of measurement of spot, clogging point, pour point, hue, residual carbon content of 10% residual oil, total insoluble matter after oxidation stability test, peroxide value, wear scar diameter, and water content. Show.
- the light oil composition used in the examples was produced by blending 20% by volume or more of FT synthetic base material. Further, as is apparent from Table 8, in Examples 7 to 9 in which the FT synthetic base material was blended within the range specified in the present invention, a light oil composition satisfying the specified properties was easily and reliably obtained. I was able to. On the other hand, as shown in Comparative Examples 7 to 9, when the light oil composition was prepared without using the above specific light oil base material, the fraction composition ratio etc. of the specific base material used satisfied the specified properties. If not, the light oil composition intended by the present invention is not necessarily obtained.
- the effective ignition delay period is a value obtained by subtracting the ignition start timing from the fuel injection end timing. If this value is positive, it means that almost all of the injected fuel has time to mix with air. Will proceed more effectively. On the contrary, if this value becomes negative, it means that combustion started before the end of fuel injection. This means that the combustion was performed without sufficient premixing.
- the fuel consumption was expressed as a relative value for each fuel, with Comparative Example 7 set to 100 (smaller values indicate better results).
- the test method related to the engine test is in accordance with Annex 29 “Technical Standards for Diesel Vehicles 1 3 Mode Emission Measurements”, attached to the new standard for automobile examinations supervised by the former Ministry of Transport.
- cranking for 10 seconds is repeated twice at 30 second intervals, the engine will not start (X). Also, if the engine starts while repeating the cranking twice, hold it for 3 minutes by idling, then shift the vehicle speed to 60 km / h over 15 seconds and continue to drive at low speed. If a malfunction (hunting, stumbling, vehicle speed reduction, engine stop, etc.) is observed during speed transition or when running at 60 km / h at low speed for 20 minutes, it is not possible at that time (X). Yes ( ⁇ ) if the vehicle traveled without hindrance. Table 7
- FT synthetic substrate 10 ⁇ L '2 is a hydrocarbon mixture obtained by subjecting natural gas to wax and middle distillate by FT reaction and hydrotreating it, but each reaction condition Since (degree of isomerization) is different, it is a base material with different saturated hydrocarbon content.
- the advanced hydrotreatment base material is a hydrocarbon base material that has been further hydrogenated and treated to a light oil base material to further reduce sulfur and aromatization. Processed oil derived from animals and plants is obtained by hydrotreating palm oil (hole component) as a raw material and removing miscellaneous components.
- Hydrorefined diesel oil is equivalent to commercially available diesel oil used in winter.
- the high compression ratio fuel is an appropriate blend of FT synthetic base material, hydrorefining base material, and advanced hydroprocessing base material, etc., and is combined for high compression ratio diesel engines. Therefore, except for the mixing ratio of each fraction and the cetane number of each fraction, the other specifications satisfy the items required for the light oil composition of the present invention.
- Examples 10 to 12 and Comparative Examples 10 to 12 were produced using appropriate amounts or total amounts thereof.
- the additives used in this example are as follows.
- Lubricant improver Carboxylic acid mixture based on linoleic acid
- Kinematic viscosity in C Flash point, Sulfur content, Oxygen content, Distillation properties, cetane index, cetane number, aromatic content, naphthenic compound content, volume modulus, cloudy point, clogging point, pour point, hue, 10% residual carbon content, Total insoluble matter after oxidation stability test and
- Table 11 shows the results of measurement of the peroxide value, wear scar diameter, and moisture.
- the diesel oil composition used in the examples has 20 volumes of FT synthetic base as shown in Table 11. / 0 or more blended and manufactured. Further, as apparent from Table 11, in Examples 10 to 12 in which the FT synthetic base material was blended within the range defined in the present invention, an oil composition satisfying the specified properties was easily obtained. And I was able to get it reliably. On the other hand, as shown in Comparative Example '10 -12, when the light oil composition was prepared without using the above-mentioned specific light oil base material, or when the specific base material was used, the fractional composition ratio, etc. had the specified properties. If not satisfied, the light oil composition targeted by the present invention is not necessarily obtained.
- Examples 10 to 1'2 and Comparative Example 10 0 to 1 2 Various tests shown below were conducted using each light oil composition. All test results are shown in Table 12. As can be seen from the results shown in Table 12, the diesel oil compositions of Examples 10 to 12 are more NOx and Smoke during premixed compression ignition combustion than the diesel oil compositions of Comparative Examples 10 to 12 , Fuel consumption performance and effective ignition delay period, NOx and smoke during normal combustion, fuel efficiency, low temperature startability, good results have been obtained, and excellent winter environment that was difficult to realize with conventional light oil compositions It is possible to provide high-quality diesel oil that can simultaneously achieve high-level practical performance and environmentally compatible performance that can also be applied to premixed compression ignition combustion.
- the control part of the electronically controlled common rail fuel injection pump was partially improved and tested on an experimental engine that enabled control of the injection timing.
- the test is performed under steady conditions (1 200 rpm, equivalent to 25% load (the amount of heat input between fuels is constant), fuel injection timing: 30 ° CA before top dead center, intake conditions: constant room temperature), NOx,
- the effective ignition delay period was measured.
- the effective ignition delay period is a value obtained by subtracting the ignition start timing from the fuel injection end timing. If this value is positive, it means that almost all of the injected fuel has time to mix with air. Will proceed more effectively.
- the test method related to the engine test is in accordance with Annex 29 “Technical Standards for Diesel Vehicles 1 3 Mode Emission Measurements”, attached to the new standard for automobile examinations supervised by the former Ministry of Transport.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of an apparatus used for measuring the bulk modulus of a light oil composition.
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Abstract
Description
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EP07738756.1A EP2006361B1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-09 | Gas oil composition |
US12/295,474 US8722947B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-09 | Gas oil composition |
AU2007231987A AU2007231987C1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-09 | Gas oil composition |
KR1020087026696A KR101437700B1 (ko) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-09 | 경유조성물 |
CN2007800125024A CN101415800B (zh) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-09 | 瓦斯油组合物 |
ZA2008/07869A ZA200807869B (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2008-09-12 | Gas Oil Composition |
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JP2006-101235 | 2006-03-31 | ||
JP2006101233A JP5030458B2 (ja) | 2006-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | 軽油組成物 |
JP2006-101232 | 2006-03-31 | ||
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JP2006101234A JP5030459B2 (ja) | 2006-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | 軽油組成物 |
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AU2007231984B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2011-02-24 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Gas oil composition |
AT507784B1 (de) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-08-15 | Intex Handelsgmbh | Verfahren zum herstellen von abbrandkörpern |
US20110265773A1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-11-03 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Composition and Method for Reducing NOx and Smoke Emissions From Diesel Engines at Minimum Fuel Consumption |
US9562206B2 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-02-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for increasing the high load (knock) limit of an internal combustion engine operated in a low temperature combustion mode |
EP3022278B1 (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2018-06-13 | Shell International Research Maatschappij B.V. | High power fuel compositions |
CN110753745A (zh) * | 2017-07-03 | 2020-02-04 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 链烷烃粗柴油的用途 |
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JP2004002550A (ja) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-01-08 | Nippon Oil Corp | 軽油組成物(1) |
JP2004002551A (ja) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-01-08 | Nippon Oil Corp | 軽油組成物(2) |
JP2004269682A (ja) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-30 | Nippon Oil Corp | 軽油組成物 |
JP2005343917A (ja) | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 予混合圧縮自己着火式エンジン用燃料油組成物 |
JP2005343919A (ja) | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 予混合圧縮自己着火式エンジン用燃料油組成物 |
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US20020020107A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2002-02-21 | Bailey Brent K. | Low molecular weight compression ignition fuel |
US6890423B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2005-05-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Distillate fuel blends from Fischer Tropsch products with improved seal swell properties |
GB2422842B (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2008-08-13 | Sasol Technology | Process for the production of multipurpose energy sources and multipurpose energy sources produced by said process |
GB2423996B (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2008-07-16 | Sasol Technology | Fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) systems and a process for production of said fuel |
JP4615913B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-02 | 2011-01-19 | 出光興産株式会社 | 燃料油組成物 |
AU2007231984B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2011-02-24 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Gas oil composition |
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2007
- 2007-03-09 EP EP07738756.1A patent/EP2006361B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2007-03-09 WO PCT/JP2007/055309 patent/WO2007114028A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-03-09 AU AU2007231987A patent/AU2007231987C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-09 MY MYPI20083886A patent/MY146605A/en unknown
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JP2004002550A (ja) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-01-08 | Nippon Oil Corp | 軽油組成物(1) |
JP2004002551A (ja) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-01-08 | Nippon Oil Corp | 軽油組成物(2) |
JP2004269682A (ja) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-30 | Nippon Oil Corp | 軽油組成物 |
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JP2005343918A (ja) | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 予混合圧縮自己着火式エンジン用燃料油組成物 |
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JP2010241871A (ja) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-28 | Japan Energy Corp | 予混合圧縮着火エンジン用燃料油組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2007231987C1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2006361A4 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
KR20090005125A (ko) | 2009-01-12 |
AU2007231987B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
AU2007231987A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
EP2006361A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
US8722947B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
US20100223838A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
EP2006361B1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
MY146605A (en) | 2012-09-14 |
KR101437700B1 (ko) | 2014-09-03 |
ZA200807869B (en) | 2009-12-30 |
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