JP5154813B2 - 燃料油組成物 - Google Patents
燃料油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5154813B2 JP5154813B2 JP2007082483A JP2007082483A JP5154813B2 JP 5154813 B2 JP5154813 B2 JP 5154813B2 JP 2007082483 A JP2007082483 A JP 2007082483A JP 2007082483 A JP2007082483 A JP 2007082483A JP 5154813 B2 JP5154813 B2 JP 5154813B2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 10
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 alkenyl succinic acid amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001269 time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008264 cloud Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonocyanidic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#N HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NNNVXFKZMRGJPM-KHPPLWFESA-N sapienic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O NNNVXFKZMRGJPM-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
近年、環境的見地から、ディーゼル自動車においては排出ガス中のPM(粒子状物質)、NOx(窒素酸化物)、HC(炭化水素)、CO(一酸化炭素)といった環境汚染物質の排出量の大幅な低減が求められている。このために、エンジンの改良、燃料噴射制御の精密化とともに、酸化触媒、NOx還元触媒、DPF(ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター)等の後処理装置の採用等によるディーゼル自動車の排出ガスのクリーン化が進められている(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。一方、これらの後処理装置の能力を効果的に発揮し、かつ耐久を維持するため、軽油には硫黄分の一層の低減が求められている(例えば、非特許文献2参照。)。
松尾繁著,「ディーゼルエンジンの現状と将来」,自動車技術,2003年,No.57(1),p.41―46, 「今後の自動車排出ガス低減対策のあり方について」,環境省中央環境審議会大気環境部会,第七次答申,2003年
また、直留軽油を低硫黄化するためには、一般に高度の水素化精製処理が必要であるが、基材の水素化が進むと、低温流動性は悪化する方向となる。
さらに、低硫黄軽油を製造するためには、比較的硫黄分の高い分解系基材(マイルドハイドロクラッキング装置から得られる軽油留分(MHC−GO)等)の配合が制限されることになる。一般に分解系基材は低温流動性に優れるため、低硫黄化のために軽油への分解系基材の配合量が制限されると、低温流動性は悪化するおそれがある。
また、こうした精密な噴射制御を行うディーゼル自動車では、排出ガス対策のために燃料噴射圧の高圧化が図られている。燃料噴射圧の高圧化に伴い、フィルターを通過する燃料速度が増加する。その際、燃料タンク内でワックスが凝集沈降していると、フィルターへ供給される燃料中のワックス濃度は高くなり、低温時に軽油から析出するワックス分によるフィルター閉塞を起こし易くなる。
したがって、低硫黄軽油と、後処理装置を搭載してより精密な噴射制御を行うディーゼル自動車との組み合わせにおける低温でのフィルター閉塞防止には、低温での軽油中のワックス量と燃料タンク内でのワックス凝集沈降状態を制御する必要がある。
一方、ディーゼル自動車が移動体であること、軽油が製造されてからディーゼル自動車に給油され使い切るまでに一般にある程度の期間を有することから、軽油はそれが使用される最低気温における低温流動性を備えていると同時に、それが使用されうるより温度の高い環境下においても実用性能上問題なく使用できることが要求される。
X=(3×A+B)×(100−C)÷100−30 (式1)
本発明の軽油組成物は、炭素数21〜30の範囲において、軽油組成物中のノルマルパラフィン量をA(質量%)、1分岐のイソパラフィン量をB(質量%)、芳香族量をC(質量%)としたとき、式1で表す定温性指標Xが−12.6以上−10.1以下であり、芳香族分含有量が6容量%以上25容量%以下、ナフテン分含有量が60質量%以下であることを特徴とする。
X=(3×A+B)×(100−C)÷100−30 (式1)
装置:HEWLETT PACKARD社製、HP6890 Series GC System & Injector
カラム:Aglient HP-5(30m×0.32mmφ、0.25μm−film)
キャリアガス:He、1.4mL/分(一定流量)
注入口温度:320℃
注入モード:スプリット(スプリット比=1:100)
オーブン温度:50℃にて5分間保持し、5℃/分で昇温し、320℃にて6分間保持する。
注入量:1μL
装置:日本電子社製、JMS−T100GC
対抗電極電圧:10.0kV
イオン化法:FI+(電界イオン化)
GCインターフェース温度:250℃
測定質量範囲:35〜500
潤滑性向上剤の含有量は、組成物全量を基準として、好ましくは25〜500mg/L、より好ましくは25〜300mg/L、更に好ましくは25〜200mg/Lである。潤滑性向上剤の含有量が前記下限値未満であると、その添加による潤滑性向上効果が不十分となる傾向にある。また、潤滑性向上剤の含有量が前記上限値を超えても、含有量に見合う低温流動性の更なる向上効果は得られない。
なお、本発明でいう「IBP」、「T10」、「T50」、「T90」及び「EP」とは、それぞれJIS K 2254「石油製品−蒸留試験方法−常圧法」に準拠して測定される値を意味する。
環境温度の制御が可能なシャーシダイナモメータ上で、下記のA、Bの2台のディーゼル自動車を用いて低温実車試験を実施した。
最大積載量:2t
エンジンの種類:直列4気筒ディーゼル
エンジンの総排気量:4.3L
燃料噴射ポンプ:列型
適合規格:短期排出ガス規制適合(ベース車両)
排出ガス後処理装置:東京都指定のPM減少装置(カテゴリー4適合)
PM減少装置の使用燃料:低硫黄軽油(硫黄分50質量ppm以下)
エンジンの種類:インタークーラー付き過給直列4気筒ディーゼル
エンジンの総排気量:3.0L
燃料噴射システム:コモンレール方式
適合規格:長期排出ガス規制適合
排出ガス後処理装置:酸化触媒
Claims (3)
- 炭素数21〜30の範囲において、軽油組成物中のノルマルパラフィン量をA(質量%)、1分岐のイソパラフィン量をB(質量%)、芳香族量をC(質量%)としたとき、式1で表す定温性指標Xが−12.6以上−10.1以下であり、芳香族分含有量が6容量%以上25容量%以下、ナフテン分含有量が60質量%以下であることを特徴とする軽油組成物。
X=(3×A+B)×(100−C)÷100−30 (式1) - 硫黄含有量が10質量ppm以下、HFRRのWSD1.4が460μm以下、目詰まり点が−5℃以下、曇り点が0℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の軽油組成物。
- 引火点が50℃以上、蒸留性状90%留出温度が350℃以下、動粘度(30℃)が2.5mm2/s以上、セタン指数45以上、密度が750kg/m3以上850kg/m3以下、低温流動性向上剤添加量が50mg/L以上500mg/L以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の軽油組成物。
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JP2007082483A JP5154813B2 (ja) | 2007-03-27 | 2007-03-27 | 燃料油組成物 |
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JP2007082483A JP5154813B2 (ja) | 2007-03-27 | 2007-03-27 | 燃料油組成物 |
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JP2008239807A JP2008239807A (ja) | 2008-10-09 |
JP5154813B2 true JP5154813B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
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