JP5544301B2 - 可溶性デンプンベース熱可塑性組成物およびこのような組成物を調製する方法 - Google Patents
可溶性デンプンベース熱可塑性組成物およびこのような組成物を調製する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5544301B2 JP5544301B2 JP2010544761A JP2010544761A JP5544301B2 JP 5544301 B2 JP5544301 B2 JP 5544301B2 JP 2010544761 A JP2010544761 A JP 2010544761A JP 2010544761 A JP2010544761 A JP 2010544761A JP 5544301 B2 JP5544301 B2 JP 5544301B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/04—Starch derivatives, e.g. crosslinked derivatives
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Description
・製造終了時、または保存期間中の可塑化マトリックスからの可塑剤の放出。これにより、所望される程度に高い可塑剤の量を保持することが、ひいては十分に可撓性のフィルム形成材料を得ることが不可能である。
・その含水量が低下または増大した際に、大気中水分に応じて、それぞれ硬化または軟化する可塑化デンプンの機械的特性の大きな不安定性。
・例えばキシリトールの場合など、高用量で使用される可塑剤の結晶化による組成物表面の白化または不透明化。
・例えばグリセロールの場合のように、表面の粘着性または油性性質。
・可塑剤含量が高い場合にはさらに問題である、非常に不良な耐水性。水中では物理的完全性の損失が観察されるので、可塑化デンプンは製造の終わりに従来のポリマーのように水浴中に浸漬して冷却できない。したがってその用途は非常に制限される。その使用可能性を拡大するために、それを大量の、一般に60%以上のポリエステルまたはその他の別の高価なポリマーと混合することが必要である。
・場合によって熱可塑性デンプンと関連する、ポリエステル(PLA、PBAT、PCL、PET)の早発性加水分解の可能性。
(a)少なくとも45重量%の少なくとも1つの可溶性デンプン、
(b)最大で55重量%の少なくとも1つの非生分解性非デンプン質ポリマー、および
(c)活性水素を有する官能基を保有する分子と反応できる少なくとも2つの官能基を保有するカップリング剤
を含み、これらの量が乾燥物質として表され、(a)および(b)の合計に対するものである、デンプンベース組成物である。
(i)少なくとも1つの可溶性デンプン(a)を選択するステップと、
(ii)この可溶性デンプン(a)に、可溶性デンプン(a)が少なくとも45重量%に相当し、非生分解性非デンプン質ポリマー(b)が最大で55重量%に相当するような量で、非生分解性非デンプン質ポリマー(b)を組み込むステップと、
(iii)このようにして得られた組成物に、活性水素を有する官能基を保有する分子と反応できる少なくとも2つの官能基を保有する少なくとも1つのカップリング剤を組み込むステップと
を含み、これらの量は乾燥物質として表され、(a)および(b)の合計に対するものであり、ステップ(ii)はステップ(iii)の前、最中または後に、すなわちこれらのステップのいずれかの終わりに得られる組成物の中間貯蔵後に実施できる。
−ジイソシアネートおよびポリイソシアネート、好ましくは4,4’−ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート(H12MDI)、メチレンジフェニルジイソシアネート(MDI)、トルエンジイソシアネート(TDI)、ナフタレンジイソシアネート(NDI)、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HMDI)およびリジンジイソシアネート(LDI)、
−ジカルバモイルカプロラクタム、好ましくは1,1’−カルボニルビスカプロラクタム、
−ジエポキシド、
−エポキシド官能基およびハロゲン官能基、好ましくはエピクロロヒドリンを含む化合物(=ハロヒドリン)、
−有機二酸、好ましくはコハク酸、アジピン酸、グルタル酸、シュウ酸、マロン酸、マレイン酸および対応する無水物、
−酸塩化物、好ましくはオキシ塩化リン、
−トリメタホスフェート、好ましくはナトリウムトリメタホスフェート、
−アルコキシシラン、好ましくはテトラエトキシシラン、
およびこれらの化合物の任意の混合物。
−臭気特性(香料または臭気マスキング剤)、
−光学的特性(光沢剤、二酸化チタンなどの白化剤、染料、顔料、促染剤、乳白剤、炭酸カルシウムなどの艶消し剤、感温変色剤、リン光および蛍光剤、鍍金または大理石模様付け剤、およびくもり止め剤)、
−音響特性(硫酸バリウムおよび重晶石)、および
−触覚特性(脂肪性物質)。
−従来法で標準的合成ポリマーのために使用される既存の産業設備による具現を可能にする、一般的なポリマーについて知られている標準値範囲(−50℃〜150℃のTg)内の適切な熱可塑性、溶融粘度、およびガラス転移温度、
−市販されるまたは開発中の化石起源または再生可能起源の多種多様なポリマーとの十分な混和性、
−使用条件で満足のいく物理化学的安定性、
−水および蒸気に対する低感受性、
−先行技術の熱可塑性デンプン組成物と比較して、非常に顕著に改善された機械的性能(可撓性、破断点伸び、最大引張り強さ)、
−水、蒸気、酸素、二酸化炭素、UV放射線、脂肪性物質、芳香、ガソリン、燃料に対する良好なバリア効果、
−用途に応じて調節できる不透明性、半透明性または透明性、
−特に水性インクおよび塗料による良好な印刷適性および塗装可能性、
−制御可能な収縮性、
−十分な時間にわたる安定性、および
−調節可能なリサイクル可能性。
−少なくとも98%に等しい不溶性物質含量、
−少なくとも100%に等しく、好ましくは少なくとも200%に等しい破断点伸び、および
−10MPaを超える最大引張り強さ。
これらの実施例では以下を使用する。
−可溶性デンプンとして、本出願人によってGLUCIDEX 1、GLUCIDEX 2、GLUCIDEX 6、GLUCIDEX 12、およびGLUCIDEX 19の名称の下に販売される、およそ4%の含水量を有する様々なマルトデキストリン。これらのマルトデキストリンは、20℃で100%近い水溶性画分を有する、
−非生分解性非デンプン質ポリマーとして、LubrisolによってESTANE 58300の名称の下に販売される熱可塑性ポリウレタン(TPU)、および
−カップリング剤として、HuntsmanによってSuprasec 1400の名称の下に販売されるメチレンジフェニルジイソシアネート(MDI)。
−温度プロフィール(10個の加熱ゾーン、Z1〜Z10):160℃
−スクリュー速度:400rpm。
−カップリング剤不在下(比較例の組成物)、または
−100部の顆粒当たり1部のMDI(phr)存在下(本発明に従った組成物)
のいずれかで、2回目の押出しを行った。
試験を実施して、これらの同一組成物の水および蒸気感受性を測定した。これらの試験は、このようにして調製された組成物の親水性または疎水性性質のかなり正確な評価を可能にする。
1ヶ月間保存した後に、上の比較例の組成物および本発明に従った組成物の質量を乾燥前(Mh)、および真空下80℃で24時間の乾燥後(Ms)に測定して、水取り込みの程度を判定する。水分含量(%で表される)は次式から計算される:
水分含量(%)=(1−Ms/Mh)×100
以下のプロトコルに従って、得られる組成物の水不溶性物質含量および膨潤度を測定する。
(i)特性解析するサンプルを乾燥する(真空下80℃で12時間)。
(ii)精密天秤でサンプル質量を測定する(=Ms1)。
(iii)サンプルを20℃で水(サンプルのグラム質量の100倍に等しい容積の水)に浸漬する。
(iv)サンプルを数時間の規定時間後に取り出す。
(v)吸収紙によって表面の過剰な水をできる限り迅速に除去する。
(vi)サンプルを精密天秤に載せ、2分間にわたり質量損失をモニタリングする(質量を20秒毎に測定する)。
(vii)時間に応じた先行する測定値のグラフ表示、および質量のt=0(=Mg)への外挿を通じて、膨潤サンプルの質量を判定する。
(viii)サンプルを乾燥する(真空下80℃で24時間)。乾燥サンプルの質量を測定する(=Ms2)。
(ix)式Ms2/Ms1に従って%で表わされる不溶性物質含量を計算する。
(x)式(Mg−Ms1)/Ms1に従って、膨潤度を%で計算する。
Lloyd Instruments LR5K試験ベンチ、引張速度300mm/分、およびH2タイプの標準化供試体を使用して、NF T51−034基準(引張特性の測定)に従って、様々なサンプルの引張における機械的特性を測定する。
Claims (8)
- (a)1つの可溶性デンプン、
(b)1つの非生分解性非デンプン質ポリマー、および
(c)活性水素を有する官能基を保有する分子と反応できる少なくとも2つの官能基を保有するカップリング剤
を含み、
乾燥物質として表され、(a)および(b)の合計に対する前記可溶性デンプン(a)の量が、51重量%〜99.8重量%であり、
前記可溶性デンプンがマルトデキストリンであり、前記非生分解性非デンプン質ポリマーが熱可塑性ポリウレタンであり、前記カップリング剤がジイソシアネートである、デンプンベース組成物。 - 乾燥物質として表され、(a)および(b)の合計に対する前記カップリング剤の量が、0.1〜15重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ASTM D6852基準の意義の範囲内で少なくとも33%の再生可能起源炭素を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- (i)1つのマルトデキストリン(a)を選択するステップと、
(ii)このマルトデキストリン(a)に、乾燥物質として表され、(a)および(b)の合計に対する前記マルトデキストリン(a)の量が、51重量%〜99.8重量%となる量で、非生分解性熱可塑性ポリウレタン(b)を組み込むステップと、
(iii)このようにして得られた組成物に、少なくとも1つのジイソシアネートを組み込むステップと
を含み、ステップ(ii)がステップ(iii)の前、最中または後に実施できることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のデンプンベース組成物を調製する方法。 - 請求項1に記載のデンプンベース組成物をカップリング剤とマルトデキストリン(a)および/または非生分解性熱可塑性ポリウレタン(b)とを反応させるのに十分な温度で十分な時間にわたり加熱するステップを含む、熱可塑性組成物を調製する方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法に従って得ることができる、熱可塑性組成物。
- −40%を超える破断点伸び、
−4MPaを超える最大引張り強さ、
−20℃で24時間の水中浸漬後に、少なくとも90%に等しい不溶性物質含量、および
−20℃で24時間の水中浸漬後に、20%未満の膨潤度
を有することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の熱可塑性組成物。 - EN 13432、ASTM D6400、およびASTM 6868基準の意義の範囲内で生分解性でなくコンポスト化もできず、ASTM D6852基準の意義の範囲内で少なくとも33%の再生可能起源炭素を含有することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の熱可塑性組成物。
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FR0850657 | 2008-02-01 | ||
FR0850657A FR2927087B1 (fr) | 2008-02-01 | 2008-02-01 | Compositions thermoplastiques a base d'amidon soluble et procede de preparation de telles compositions. |
PCT/FR2009/050130 WO2009095617A2 (fr) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-01-29 | Compositions thermoplastiques a base d'amidon soluble et procede de preparation de telles compositions |
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CN114854098B (zh) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-12-09 | 宁波家和新材料科技有限公司 | 一种玉米淀粉基可降解一次性塑料餐具及其制备方法 |
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CN115252909B (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-09 | 江苏贝耐德医疗科技有限公司 | 一种医用可降解复合材料及其制备方法 |
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CA2226579A1 (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-01-30 | Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus | Thermoplasticized starch component and process for the preparation thereof |
DE19822979A1 (de) * | 1998-05-25 | 1999-12-02 | Kalle Nalo Gmbh & Co Kg | Folie mit Stärke oder Stärkederivaten und Polyesterurethanen sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
EP1108726A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-20 | Tiense Suikerraffinaderij N.V. | Tensio-active glucoside urethanes |
US6231970B1 (en) * | 2000-01-11 | 2001-05-15 | E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc | Thermoplastic starch compositions incorporating a particulate filler component |
WO2004005365A1 (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2004-01-15 | Stepan Company | Polyisocyanurate foams with improved thermal stability |
US6830810B2 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-12-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions and processes for reducing water solubility of a starch component in a multicomponent fiber |
JP2005255743A (ja) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | Agri Future Joetsu Co Ltd | ポリオレフィン樹脂組成物、その製造方法、その成形品及びこの成形品の成形方法 |
JP2006022424A (ja) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-26 | Tajima Roofing Co Ltd | アスファルトルーフィング用不織布補強剤 |
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RU2010136735A (ru) | 2012-03-10 |
FR2927087B1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 |
WO2009095617A2 (fr) | 2009-08-06 |
US8916628B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 |
JP2011511119A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
CN101932648A (zh) | 2010-12-29 |
WO2009095617A3 (fr) | 2009-09-24 |
US20100305271A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
AU2009208825A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
EP2247662A2 (fr) | 2010-11-10 |
BRPI0907405A2 (pt) | 2015-07-21 |
MX2010008452A (es) | 2010-12-02 |
CA2712818A1 (fr) | 2009-08-06 |
FR2927087A1 (fr) | 2009-08-07 |
KR20100113611A (ko) | 2010-10-21 |
AU2009208825B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
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