JP5508714B2 - 都市スラッジ、産業スラッジ、コンポストおよびタバコ廃棄物から得られる触媒作用性吸着媒、およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
都市スラッジ、産業スラッジ、コンポストおよびタバコ廃棄物から得られる触媒作用性吸着媒、およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5508714B2 JP5508714B2 JP2008530212A JP2008530212A JP5508714B2 JP 5508714 B2 JP5508714 B2 JP 5508714B2 JP 2008530212 A JP2008530212 A JP 2008530212A JP 2008530212 A JP2008530212 A JP 2008530212A JP 5508714 B2 JP5508714 B2 JP 5508714B2
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28059—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being less than 100 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
Description
用語「吸着」とは、気体または液体環境からの分子の濃縮物が固体の表面に蓄積される現象を言う。
2種の産業スラッジ、すなわちNewport News Shipyardから得た廃油スラッジ(WO)および金属スラッジ(M)を、乾燥タバココンポストと混ぜ、均質化し、120℃で48時間乾燥させ、次いで水平式炉の中で窒素中650℃および950℃で炭素化した。加熱速度は10度/分で、保持時間は1時間であった。各湿潤産業スラッジ(それらには75%の水が含まれている)の重量を調整して、産業スラッジ成分が乾燥質量を基準にして10%および50%になるようにした。得られた吸着媒の名前、それらの収率、アッシュ含量および嵩密度ならびに組成を表23に集めてある。タバコ廃棄物は、TCと記載されている。
上述したように、特注設計の動的試験を用いて、ガス流からのH2S吸着に対する吸着媒性能を評価した。吸着媒サンプルを粉砕し(1〜2mm粒子サイズ)、ガラス製カラム(長さ370mm、内径9mm、ベッド体積6cm3)に充填して、湿潤空気(相対湿度25℃で80%)で1時間予加湿した。吸着された水の量は、サンプル重量の増加から推算した。0.3%(3,000ppm) のH2Sを含有する湿潤空気(相対湿度25℃で80%)を吸着媒のカラムに0.5L/分で通した。流量は、Cole Parmerの流量計を用いて制御した。H2Sの破過は、MultiRaeの光イオン化センサーを用いてモニタリングした。試験は、破過濃度100ppmで停止した。吸着媒1gあたりの硫化水素mgでの各吸着媒の吸着容量は、破過曲線より上にある面積を積分して、流入ガス中のH2S濃度、流量、破過時間、および吸着剤の質量から計算した。試験は各サンプルに対して少なくとも2回繰り返した。H2S以外に流出ガス中のSO2の含量もMultiRaeの光イオン化センサーを用いてモニタリングした。H2Sを吸着した後の消尽吸着媒は、その名前に追加の文字Eを加えることで示されている。
得られた物質に対して、ASAP 2010(Micromeritics社) を用いて、沸点にある窒素の吸着を行った。実験の前に、サンプルは、120℃で、一定真空(10〜4トール)に気体抜きをした。等温線からは、表面積(BET法)、全ポア体積(Vt)を、(相対圧力が0.99に等しいところにおける最後の等温線ポイントからは)、ミクロポアの体積(Vmic(DR))、メソポア体積Vmes、全ポア体積(Vt)を、ポアサイズ分布と並んで計算した(DFT)。
炭素質サンプル懸濁液のpHは、表面の酸性および塩基性についての情報を与える。乾燥炭素質粉末サンプル0.4gを20mLの蒸留水に加え、この懸濁液を一晩攪拌して、平衡にもっていった。その後、懸濁液のpHを測定した。
TA Instrument Thermal Analyzerを用いて熱分析を行った。機器の設定は、10℃/分の加熱速度、および100mL/分の流量による窒素雰囲気であった。各測定では、約25mgの粉砕吸着媒サンプルを用いた。結果の解析には、一次微分熱重量測定曲線(DTG曲線)を用いる。アッシュ含量は、800℃でサンプルを空気中で加熱した後に残っている残渣から測定した。
吸着媒中の金属含量は、LSL labs, Syracuse, NYにあるICPを用いて測定した。
X線回折測定は、標準的な粉末回折法を用いて行った。吸着媒は、小さなメノウ乳鉢中でメタノールを用いて粉砕した。吸着媒を手によって粉砕すると、5〜10μmの粒子サイズが保証され、これは、回折ピークの線が広くなることを防ぐ。混合物は、Philips標本ホルダーのゼロバックグラウンド石英窓にスミア法で取り付け、空気乾燥させた。サンプルは、Phillips XRG 300 X-ray回折計で発生させたCu Kαradiationにより分析した。機器のふらつきを調べるために、また2θピークの正確な位置を得るために、石英製標準スライドを試した。
Claims (1)
- 廃油スラッジと、金属スラッジと、タバコ廃棄物とを組み合わせて混合物を生成させるステップ;
該混合物を熱的に乾燥させるステップ;
該混合物を600℃〜1100℃の温度で熱分解させるステップ;および
該熱分解のステップの間に、ウルツ鉱、フェロアン、輝銅鉱、尖晶石(スピネル)、フェロキシハイト、斑銅鉱、ヒボナイト、紅亜鉛鉱、アンケル石、クバンザクロ石、ペロホタイト、黄銅鉱、トリオライト、フェルシリサイト、サファーリン、磁赤鉄鉱、コーエナイト、ローソン石、菱亜鉛鉱、閃亜鉛鉱、針鉄鋼、ハント石、灰長石、ダイアスポア、バテライト、鱗繊石、バイヤライト、モグヘマイト、ピロホタイト、赤鉄鉱、スファレライト、鉄礬柘榴石、およびヘマタイトのうちの少なくとも1つを生成させるステップ
を含む、吸着媒の製造方法。
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PCT/US2006/034961 WO2007030677A2 (en) | 2005-09-08 | 2006-09-08 | Catalytic adsorbents obtained from municipal sludges, industrial sludges, compost and tobacco waste and process for their production |
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WO2007030677A2 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
US9808761B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
BRPI0617033B1 (pt) | 2018-02-06 |
IL233839A0 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
WO2007030677A3 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
CN101505855A (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
KR101375467B1 (ko) | 2014-03-18 |
AU2006287450A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
AU2006287450B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
KR20080057263A (ko) | 2008-06-24 |
KR101393120B1 (ko) | 2014-05-08 |
IL233839A (en) | 2015-11-30 |
JP2009508666A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
EP1922138A4 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
IL189959A0 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
US9339806B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
KR20130102115A (ko) | 2013-09-16 |
US20070113736A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
US20100152038A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
JP2013066890A (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
JP5759969B2 (ja) | 2015-08-05 |
CA2621621C (en) | 2015-09-22 |
JP2014217841A (ja) | 2014-11-20 |
US20160236146A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
EP1922138A2 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
IL189959A (en) | 2014-08-31 |
MX341219B (es) | 2016-08-10 |
CN101505855B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
BRPI0617033A2 (pt) | 2011-07-12 |
US20130102456A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
CA2621621A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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