JP5475599B2 - マスクの清浄 - Google Patents
マスクの清浄 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5475599B2 JP5475599B2 JP2010202226A JP2010202226A JP5475599B2 JP 5475599 B2 JP5475599 B2 JP 5475599B2 JP 2010202226 A JP2010202226 A JP 2010202226A JP 2010202226 A JP2010202226 A JP 2010202226A JP 5475599 B2 JP5475599 B2 JP 5475599B2
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 92
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/44—Compositions for etching metallic material from a metallic material substrate of different composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/044—Cleaning involving contact with liquid using agitated containers in which the liquid and articles or material are placed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/102—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration with means for agitating the liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67017—Apparatus for fluid treatment
- H01L21/67028—Apparatus for fluid treatment for cleaning followed by drying, rinsing, stripping, blasting or the like
- H01L21/6704—Apparatus for fluid treatment for cleaning followed by drying, rinsing, stripping, blasting or the like for wet cleaning or washing
- H01L21/67057—Apparatus for fluid treatment for cleaning followed by drying, rinsing, stripping, blasting or the like for wet cleaning or washing with the semiconductor substrates being dipped in baths or vessels
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Weting (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Description
(実施例1)
(実施例2)
(実施例3)
(実施例4)
(その他の実施例)
Claims (15)
- 上部に成膜された一連の金属を有するモリブデンマスクを清浄する方法であって、
ウェーハホルダーを提供するステップであって、前記ウェーハホルダーが、開放位置と閉位置の間で移動可能な突起、前記突起が前記閉位置であるときに前記突起にしっかり係合するラッチ、前記解放位置と前記閉位置の間で前記突起が移動できるようにするヒンジ部分、及び溝を含み、前記溝が、マスクが曲がるのを防止するために、その全ての面において前記マスクにぴったり嵌め合うと共に前記マスクをしっかり包囲するように構成され、前記溝が、前記ウェーハホルダーの2以上の内側面に沿って延びているステップと、
前記ウェーハホルダーの中に前記モリブデンマスクを配置するステップと、
塩酸を含む清浄溶液の中に前記モリブデンマスクを配置するステップであって、前記清浄溶液の中に前記ウェーハホルダーを配置する工程を含むステップと、
予め定められた時間の後に前記清浄溶液から前記モリブデンマスクを除去するステップと、
を備える方法。 - 予め定められた攪拌レベルで予め定められた時間だけ前記清浄溶液を攪拌するステップ、を更に備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ウェーハホルダーを閉じるステップを更に備える、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記清浄溶液が、第1の容器内に収容され、
前記第1の容器が、第2の容器内に収容され、
前記第2の容器が、前記第1の容器を取り囲む水溶液を更に収容する、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の容器を蓋で覆うステップを更に備える、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記マスクを窒素で乾燥させるステップを更に備える、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記マスクを脱イオン水で洗浄するステップを更に備える、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記攪拌レベルが、攪拌周波数及び攪拌電力のうちの一つによって定量化された、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記モリブデンマスクが、一組のスルーホールを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- マスクを清浄する方法であって、
ウェーハホルダーを提供するステップであって、前記ウェーハホルダーが、開放位置と閉位置の間で移動可能な突起、前記突起が前記閉位置であるときに前記突起にしっかり係合するラッチ、前記解放位置と前記閉位置の間で前記突起が移動できるようにするヒンジ部分、及び溝を含み、前記溝が、マスクが曲がるのを防止するために、その全ての面において前記マスクにぴったり嵌め合うと共に前記マスクをしっかり包囲するように構成され、前記溝が、前記ウェーハホルダーの2以上の内側面に沿って延びている、ステップと、
前記ウェーハホルダーの中に前記モリブデンマスクを配置するステップと、
清浄溶液の中に前記マスクを配置するステップであって、前記清浄溶液の中に前記ウェーハホルダーを配置する工程を含むステップと、
予め定められた攪拌レベルで予め定められた時間だけ前記清浄溶液を攪拌するステップと、
を備える方法。 - マスクを清浄する方法であって、
ウェーハホルダーを提供するステップであって、前記ウェーハホルダーが、開放位置と閉位置の間で移動可能な突起、前記突起が前記閉位置であるときに前記突起にしっかり係合するラッチ、前記解放位置と前記閉位置の間で前記突起が移動できるようにするヒンジ部分、及び溝を含み、前記溝が、マスクが曲がるのを防止するために、その全ての面において前記マスクにぴったり嵌め合うと共に前記マスクをしっかり包囲するように構成され、前記溝が、前記ウェーハホルダーの2以上の内側面に沿って延びている、ステップと、
前記マスクを前記ウェーハホルダーに入れるステップと、
前記マスクが前記ウェーハホルダーの中に配置された後、前記ウェーハホルダーを清浄溶液の中に配置するステップと、を備え、
前記清浄溶液が、第1の容器内に収容され、
前記第1の容器が、第2の容器内に収容され、
前記第2の容器が、前記第1の容器を取り囲む水溶液を更に収容する、方法。 - マスクを清浄するための装置であって、
オープントップを有する第1の容器と、
オープントップを有する第2の容器であり、前記第2の容器が、前記第1の容器を収容する、前記第2の容器と、
前記第1の容器内に存在するウェーハホルダーであって、前記ウェーハホルダーが、開放位置と閉位置の間で移動可能な突起、前記突起が前記閉位置であるときに前記突起にしっかり係合するラッチ、前記解放位置と前記閉位置の間で前記突起が移動できるようにするヒンジ部分、及び溝を含み、前記溝が、マスクが曲がるのを防止するために、その全ての面において前記マスクにぴったり嵌め合うと共に前記マスクをしっかり包囲するように構成され、前記溝が、前記ウェーハホルダーの2以上の内側面に沿って延びている、ウェーハホルダーと、
前記第2の容器内に存在する攪拌器と、
を備える装置。 - マスクを清浄するための装置であって、
前記マスクを清浄するための第1の手段と、
前記マスクを保持するための第2の手段であって、前記第2の手段がウェーハホルダーを含み、前記ウェーハホルダーが、開放位置と閉位置の間で移動可能な突起、前記突起が前記閉位置であるときに前記突起にしっかり係合するラッチ、前記解放位置と前記閉位置の間で前記突起が移動できるようにするヒンジ部分、及び溝を含み、前記溝が、マスクが曲がるのを防止するために、その全ての面において前記マスクにぴったり嵌め合うと共に前記マスクをしっかり包囲するように構成され、前記溝が、前記ウェーハホルダーの2以上の内側面に沿って延びている、第2の手段と、
前記第1の手段および前記第2の手段を攪拌するための第3の手段と、
前記第1の手段を収容するための第4の手段と、
前記第4の手段を取り囲むための第5の手段と、
前記第5の手段および前記第3の手段を保持するための第6の手段と、
を備える装置。 - 上部に成膜された一連の金属を有するモリブデンマスクを清浄する方法であって、
ウェーハホルダーを提供するステップであって、前記ウェーハホルダーが、開放位置と閉位置の間で移動可能な突起、前記突起が前記閉位置であるときに前記突起にしっかり係合するラッチ、前記解放位置と前記閉位置の間で前記突起が移動できるようにするヒンジ部分、及び溝を含み、前記溝が、モリブデンマスクが曲がるのを防止するために、その全ての面において前記モリブデンマスクにぴったり嵌め合うと共に前記モリブデンマスクをしっかり包囲するように構成され、前記溝が、前記ウェーハホルダーの2以上の内側面に沿って延びている、ステップと、
前記ウェーハホルダーの中に前記モリブデンマスクを配置するステップと、
前記モリブデンマスクを清浄溶液の中に配置するステップであって、前記清浄溶液の中に前記ウェーハホルダーを配置する工程を含むステップと、
予め定められた時間の後に前記清浄溶液から前記モリブデンマスクを除去するステップと、
を備える方法。 - 上部に成膜されたクロム、銅、金、および、鉛/スズ混合物を含む一連の金属を有するモリブデンマスクを清浄する方法であって、
ウェーハホルダーを提供するステップであって、前記ウェーハホルダーが、開放位置と閉位置の間で移動可能な突起、前記突起が前記閉位置であるときに前記突起にしっかり係合するラッチ、前記解放位置と前記閉位置の間で前記突起が移動できるようにするヒンジ部分、及び溝を含み、前記溝が、マスクが曲がるのを防止するために、その全ての面において前記マスクにぴったり嵌め合うと共に前記マスクをしっかり包囲するように構成され、前記溝が、前記ウェーハホルダーの2以上の内側面に沿って延びている、ステップと、
前記ウェーハホルダーの中に前記モリブデンマスクを配置するステップと、
前記モリブデンマスクを清浄溶液の中に配置するステップであって、前記清浄溶液の中に前記ウェーハホルダーを配置する工程を含むステップと、
予め定められた時間の後に前記清浄溶液から前記モリブデンマスクを除去するステップと、
を備える方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/627,416 | 2003-07-24 | ||
US10/627,416 US7091132B2 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2003-07-24 | Ultrasonic assisted etch using corrosive liquids |
US10/696,492 US20050016565A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2003-10-28 | Cleaning masks |
US10/696,492 | 2003-10-28 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006521239A Division JP2006528840A (ja) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-22 | マスクの清浄 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2011017085A JP2011017085A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
JP5475599B2 true JP5475599B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
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Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2006521293A Active JP4603542B2 (ja) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-23 | 腐食液を使用する超音波補助式エッチング |
JP2010202226A Active JP5475599B2 (ja) | 2003-07-24 | 2010-09-09 | マスクの清浄 |
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CN (2) | CN1882397B (ja) |
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US20050016565A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
JP2011017085A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
US7377991B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 |
JP2007500431A (ja) | 2007-01-11 |
US20060243390A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
SG145689A1 (en) | 2008-09-29 |
US20050016959A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
WO2005010950A3 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
CN1883034A (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
TW200520086A (en) | 2005-06-16 |
CN1882397B (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
KR20060093323A (ko) | 2006-08-24 |
JP4603542B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 |
KR101120707B1 (ko) | 2012-03-23 |
CN1882397A (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
TWI244693B (en) | 2005-12-01 |
WO2005010950A2 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
SG163440A1 (en) | 2010-08-30 |
US7091132B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
CN100449699C (zh) | 2009-01-07 |
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