JP5430571B2 - カーボンナノチューブ粉末、カーボンナノチューブおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
カーボンナノチューブ粉末、カーボンナノチューブおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5430571B2 JP5430571B2 JP2010524376A JP2010524376A JP5430571B2 JP 5430571 B2 JP5430571 B2 JP 5430571B2 JP 2010524376 A JP2010524376 A JP 2010524376A JP 2010524376 A JP2010524376 A JP 2010524376A JP 5430571 B2 JP5430571 B2 JP 5430571B2
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- carbon nanotube
- carbon nanotubes
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Description
図1は、多壁円筒カーボンチューブ(Iijima、Nature 354、第56〜58頁、1991年による)を示し、
図2は、Baconによるスクロール型構造を有するカーボンチューブ(J.Appl.Phys.34、1960年、第283〜290頁)を示し、
図3は、Iijimaによるスクロール型構造を有するカーボンチューブの簡単な形態を示し(Nature 354、第56〜58年、1991年)、
図4は、図の形態で、断面での本発明によるカーボンナノチューブの構造を示し、
図5は、透過電子顕微鏡写真として本発明によるカーボンナノチューブの断面を示す。
水(0.35リットル)中での0.306kgのMg(NO3)2・6H2Oの溶液を、0.35リットルの水での0.36kgのAl(NO3)3・9H2Oの溶液と混合した。次いで、それぞれ0.5リットルの水に溶解した0.17kgのMn(NO3)2・4H2Oおよび0.194kgのCo(NO3)2・6H2Oを添加し、硝酸の添加により、30分間撹拌しながら全混合物を約2のpH値にした。該溶液の流れを20.6重量%水酸化ナトリウム溶液とミキサー中で1.9:1の比で混合し、得られる懸濁液を5リットルの水を含有する受器中に導入した。受器のpH値を水酸化ナトリウムの添加を制御することによって約10に維持した。
実施例1において調製した触媒を、流動床装置において実験規模で試験した。この目的のために、所定の量の触媒を、外側から熱伝達媒体によって加熱される100mmの内径を有するスチール反応器中に入れた。流動床の温度を、電気加熱した熱伝達媒体のPID制御によって調節した。流動床の温度は、熱要素によって決定した。出発物質ガスおよび不活性希釈ガスを電気制御質量流調節器によって反応器中へ通過させた。
カーボンナノチューブの大きな表面積により、分離は、カーボンナノチューブの再凝集が高いファンデルワールス力により生じるので分離状態の安定化(マトリックス中での固定化、安定剤として作用する物質の添加)と組み合わせてのみ適切であった。
本発明の好ましい態様は、以下を包含する。
[1] カーボンナノチューブを含有するカーボンナノチューブ粉末であって、該カーボンナノチューブは実質的に1以上のグラファイト層からなり、該グラファイト層は重なって配置された2以上のグラフェン層から構成され、および該グラファイト層は巻き上げ構造を形成することを特徴とし、および該カーボンナノチューブは断面においてグラファイト層のらせん状配置を示し、該カーボンナノチューブの平均径は3〜100nm、好ましくは4〜75nm、特に好ましくは5〜30nmであることを特徴とする、前記カーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[2] カーボンナノチューブの直径に対する長さの割合は、少なくとも5、特に少なくとも30、特に好ましくは少なくとも50であることを特徴とする、[1]に記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[3] 不純物、特に金属または金属化合物、特に好ましくは金属酸化物の含有量は、粉末中で7重量%以下、好ましくは5重量%以下であることを特徴とする、[1]または[1]に記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[4] 不純物として、遷移金属、特に元素の周期系の亜族VIIおよびVIIIの、またはアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の金属または金属化合物、またはケイ素また酸化ケイ素、特に群アルミニウム、マグネシウム、チタニウム、ジルコニウム、ナトリウム、カルシウム、鉄、ニッケル、マンガン、モリブデンおよびコバルトから選択される金属または金属化合物が挙げられることを特徴とする、[3]に記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[5] 熱分解堆積カーボンの含有量は、粉末中で7重量%以下、好ましくは2重量%以下、特に好ましくは1重量%以下であることを特徴とする、[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[6] カーボンナノチューブ粉末は凝集体の形態であり、少なくとも95重量%の凝集体粒子が5μm〜10000μm、好ましくは30μm〜5000μm、特に好ましくは50μm〜3000μmの範囲での外径を有することを特徴とする、[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[7] カーボンナノチューブ粉末の嵩密度(EN ISO 60による)は、20〜450kg/m 3 、好ましくは80〜350kg/m 3 、極めて特に好ましくは110〜250kg/m 3 であることを特徴とする、[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[8] 特定の表面積(BETによる窒素吸着)は、20〜1500m 2 /g、好ましくは30〜800m 2 /g、特に好ましくは90〜600m 2 /gであることを特徴とする、[1]〜[7]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[9] カーボンナノチューブは、断面を見た場合、500nmまで、好ましくは100nmまで、特に好ましくは50nmまでの最大外径を有することを特徴とする、[1]〜[8]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末。
[10] 実質的に1以上のグラファイト層からなり、該グラファイト層は重なって配置された2以上のグラフェン層から構成され、および該グラファイト層は巻き上げ構造を形成することを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブであって、該カーボンナノチューブは断面においてグラファイト層のらせん状配置を示し、該カーボンナノチューブの平均径は3〜100nm、好ましくは4〜75nm、特に好ましくは5〜30nmであることを特徴とする、前記カーボンナノチューブ。
[11] カーボンナノチューブの直径に対する長さの割合は、少なくとも5、特に少なくとも10、特に好ましくは少なくとも20、極めて特に好ましくは少なくとも50であることを特徴とする、[10]に記載のカーボンナノチューブ。
[12] 不純物、特に金属または金属化合物、特に好ましくは金属酸化物の含有量は、カーボンナノチューブ中で7重量%以下、好ましくは5重量%以下であることを特徴とする、[10]または[11]に記載のカーボンナノチューブ。
[13] 不純物として、遷移金属、特に元素の周期系の亜族VIIおよびVIIIの、またはアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の金属または金属化合物、またはケイ素また酸化ケイ素、特に群アルミニウム、マグネシウム、チタニウム、ジルコニウム、ナトリウム、カルシウム、鉄、ニッケル、マンガン、モリブデンおよびコバルトから選択される金属または金属化合物が挙げられることを特徴とする、[12]に記載のカーボンナノチューブ。
[14] 熱分解堆積カーボンの含有量は、カーボンナノチューブ中で7重量%以下、好ましくは2重量%以下、特に好ましくは1重量%以下であることを特徴とする、[10]〜[13]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ。
[15] カーボンナノチューブは、断面を見た場合、500nmまで、好ましくは100nmまで、特に好ましくは50nmまでの最大外径を有することを特徴とする、[10]〜[14]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ。
[16] C 1 〜C 3 −炭化水素を、不均一触媒により、500〜1000℃、好ましくは600〜800℃の温度で、移動床を有する反応器中で触媒的に分解し、用いる触媒は、CoおよびMnの合計を基準として40〜60モル%のCoの割合および60〜40モル%のMnの割合でのCoおよびMnをベースとする遷移金属触媒であり、反応帯域中での触媒の平均滞留時間は1時間以下であり、および前記炭化水素を、個々にまたは混合物の形態で不活性ガス、特に窒素または希ガスとともに反応させることを特徴とする、[1]〜[9]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末の製造方法。
[17] 反応帯域での触媒の平均滞留時間は、20〜45分、好ましくは25〜35分であることを特徴とする、[16]に記載の方法。
[18] 触媒は、CoおよびMnの合計を基準として45〜55モル%のCoの割合および55〜45モル%のMnの割合を有することを特徴とする、[16]または[17]に記載の方法。
[19] [1]〜[9]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末を、特にエネルギーの導入により粉砕または分散することによって、脱凝集化(deagglomerate)することを特徴とする、[10]〜[15]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
[20] ポリマー、ゴム、セラミック、金属、金属合金、ガラス、繊維製品および複合材料のための添加剤としての、[1]〜[9]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末または[10]〜[15]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの使用。
[21] 電極、太陽電池、作動装置、センサー、インクまたはペーストにおける、並びにエネルギー貯蔵手段における、特にバッテリー、アキュムレーター、燃料電池またはコンデンサーにおける、導電性添加剤としての、[1]〜[9]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末、または[10]〜[15]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの使用。
[22] 医薬品活性成分のための、または作物保護用活性成分のための基材としての、[1]〜[9]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末、または[10]〜[15]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの使用。
[23] 特に揮発性化合物のための、例えば気体のためのまたは生物学的化合物のための、例えば酵素のための吸収剤としての、[1]〜[9]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末、または[10]〜[15]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの使用。
[24] 触媒のための担体または容器としての、[1]〜[9]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末、または[10]〜[15]のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの使用。
Claims (4)
- カーボンナノチューブを含有するカーボンナノチューブ粉末であって、該カーボンナノチューブは実質的に1以上のグラファイト層からなり、該グラファイト層は重なって配置された2以上のグラフェン層から構成され、および該グラファイト層は巻き上げ構造を形成することを特徴とし、および該カーボンナノチューブは断面においてグラファイト層のらせん状配置を示し、該カーボンナノチューブの平均径は3〜100nmであることを特徴とする、前記カーボンナノチューブ粉末。
- 実質的に1以上のグラファイト層からなり、該グラファイト層は重なって配置された2以上のグラフェン層から構成され、および該グラファイト層は巻き上げ構造を形成することを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブであって、該カーボンナノチューブは断面においてグラファイト層のらせん状配置を示し、該カーボンナノチューブの平均径は3〜100nmであることを特徴とする、前記カーボンナノチューブ。
- C1〜C3−炭化水素を、不均一触媒により、500〜1000℃の温度で、移動床を有する反応器中で触媒的に分解し、用いる触媒は、CoおよびMnの合計を基準として40〜60モル%のCoの割合および60〜40モル%のMnの割合でのCoおよびMnをベースとする遷移金属触媒であり、反応帯域中での触媒の平均滞留時間は1時間以下であり、および前記炭化水素を、個々にまたは混合物の形態で不活性ガスとともに反応させることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブ粉末の製造方法。
- カーボンナノチューブの平均径は、5〜30nmであることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のカーボンナノチューブ。
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CN101801394A (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
DE102007044031A1 (de) | 2009-03-19 |
RU2010114517A (ru) | 2011-10-20 |
WO2009036877A3 (de) | 2010-01-28 |
EP2190443A2 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
WO2009036877A8 (de) | 2010-04-08 |
DE502008003302D1 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
US20090124705A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
CN101801394B (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
ES2364305T3 (es) | 2011-08-30 |
TW200932673A (en) | 2009-08-01 |
WO2009036877A2 (de) | 2009-03-26 |
US8398949B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
EP2190443B1 (de) | 2011-04-20 |
ATE506068T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
DK2190443T3 (da) | 2011-08-15 |
KR20100058544A (ko) | 2010-06-03 |
KR101500787B1 (ko) | 2015-03-19 |
JP2010538953A (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
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