JP5340737B2 - 二次電池用電極活物質 - Google Patents
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical group CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施例によって製造される電極活物質の断面を示すもので、電気化学的に充放電可能な金属又は半金属コア層10の表面が非晶質炭素層20と結晶質炭素層30とで順に被覆されており、前記結晶質炭素層30は、板状構造を有する炭素層単位体40たちから構成され、結晶質炭素層30の一部又は全部が多層の板状構造を有する炭素層単位体から形成されることを示している。本発明において、板状構造を有する炭素層単位体40とは、結晶内c軸方向が同じ層状構造を有する複数個の炭素層を1つの単位の概念として定義したものである。従って、前記結晶質炭素層30の一部又は全部は、板状構造を有する炭素層単位体の単一の層からなるのではなく、複数層が存在する多層構造を形成するようになる。
Siと天然黒鉛とを50wt%:50wt%で混合し、直径が3mmのステンレスボールと前記混合物粉末との重量部の比が5:1になるようにした後、ホソカワミクロン社のメカノフュージョンシステムを用いて1分当たり600回の回転速度で30分間機械的合金を行い、本発明に従って、コア層、非晶質炭素層及び多層の板状構造を有する炭素層単位体からなる結晶質炭素層から構成される電極活物質を製造した。製造された電極活物質のTEM写真を図3に示した。図3において、コア層の周辺に多層の結晶質炭素層が積層されていることが確認され、このような多層結晶質構造(点線部)で配列されていることを、図2に拡大して示している。
電解液は、エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)=1:2(v:v)の組成を有する非水溶媒にLiPF6を1M濃度になるように溶解して製造した。
前記製造した電極を陰極として使用し、カウンター電極として金属リチウムを使用し、また、両電極の間にポリオレフィン系分離膜を介設した後、前記電解液を注入することで、本発明のコイン形電池を製造した。
Siと天然黒鉛とを50wt%:50wt%で混合し、直径が5mmのジルコニアボールと前記混合物粉末との重量部の比が10:1になるようにした後、ホソカワミクロン社のメカノフュージョンシステムを用いて1分当たり600回の回転速度で30分間機械的合金を行い、コア層、非晶質炭素層及び多層の板状構造を有する炭素層単位体からなる結晶質炭素層から構成される電極活物質を製造したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に電池を製造した。
Siと天然黒鉛とを80wt%:20wt%で混合し、直径が3mmのステンレスボールと前記混合物粉末との重量部の比が5:1になるようにした後、ホソカワミクロン社のメカノフュージョンシステムを用いて1分当たり600回の回転速度で30分間機械的合金を行い、コア層、非晶質炭素層及び単一層の結晶質炭素層から構成される電極活物質を製造したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に電池を製造した。
Siと天然黒鉛とを80wt%:20wt%で混合し、直径が5mmのジルコニアボールと前記混合物粉末との重量部の比が10:1になるようにした後、ホソカワミクロン社のメカノフュージョンシステムを用いて1分当たり600回の回転速度で30分間機械的合金を行い、コア層、非晶質炭素層及び単一層の結晶質炭素層から構成される電極活物質を製造したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に製造した。
実施例1、2及び比較例1,2で製造された電池の3回充放電を行った後、充放電に伴う体積変化を見ると、下記の表1からわかるように、実施例1の場合は、約51%(33μm→50μm)程度の電極の厚さ変化が観察されたが、比較例1の活物質の場合は、約124%(29μm→65μm)の厚さ変化が観察され、本発明の電極活物質は、体積膨張抑制効果があることがわかった。
Claims (10)
- リチウムの繰り返し挿入脱離が可能なコア層、非晶質炭素層及び結晶質炭素層を順に備えてなり、
前記コア層が、Si、Al、Sn、Sb、Bi、As、Ge、Pbからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む金属又は半金属から構成されてなり、又は、前記金属又は半金属の合金から構成されてなり、
前記結晶質炭素層が、板状構造を有する炭素層単位体から構成されてなり、
結晶質炭素層の一部又は全部が多層の板状構造を有する炭素層単位体から形成されてなり、
前記板状構造を有する前記炭素層単位体の層間に空隙が形成されてなることを特徴とする、電極活物質。 - 前記コア層:非晶質炭素層:結晶質炭素層=70〜30重量部:0.1〜50重量部:29.9〜70重量部であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記結晶質炭素層が、炭素の層間距離d002が0.3354〜0.35nmであり、厚さが1〜10ミクロンであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記非晶質炭素層が、炭素の層間距離d002が0.34nm以上であり、厚さが5nm以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の電極活物質を備えてなる、二次電池。
- コア層を形成する金属又は半金属と結晶質炭素とを混合する第1のステップと、及び、
前記混合物をボールの存在下でメカノフュージョンシステムを用いて機械的合金を施す第2のステップとを備えてなり、
前記コア層が、Si、Al、Sn、Sb、Bi、As、Ge、Pbからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む金属又は半金属から構成されてなり、又は、前記金属又は半金属の合金から構成されてなる、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の電極活物質を製造する方法。 - 前記第1のステップにおける金属又は半金属と結晶質炭素との混合が、金属又は半金属:結晶質炭素=70〜30重量部:30〜70重量部であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の電極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第2のステップにおけるボールと混合物とが、ボール:第1のステップによる混合物=50〜98重量部:50〜2重量部であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の電極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第2のステップにおけるボールが、ステンレスボール又はジルコニアボールであることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の電極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第2のステップにおけるボールが、直径が0.1〜10mmであることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の電極活物質の製造方法。
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US10490846B2 (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2019-11-26 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte electricity-storage element |
US10833358B2 (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2020-11-10 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Porous carbon having connecting mesopores and electrode |
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WO2007049930A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
EP1952462B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
JP2009514165A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
US20070099088A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
CN101297421B (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
CN101297421A (zh) | 2008-10-29 |
TW200717902A (en) | 2007-05-01 |
KR20070045977A (ko) | 2007-05-02 |
TWI366937B (en) | 2012-06-21 |
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