JP5322994B2 - ハイブリッド車両の発電制御装置 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド車両の発電制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5322994B2 JP5322994B2 JP2010103436A JP2010103436A JP5322994B2 JP 5322994 B2 JP5322994 B2 JP 5322994B2 JP 2010103436 A JP2010103436 A JP 2010103436A JP 2010103436 A JP2010103436 A JP 2010103436A JP 5322994 B2 JP5322994 B2 JP 5322994B2
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Description
以下,本発明のハイブリッド車両の発電制御装置として,ハイブリッド自動車における実施形態を,図面を用いて説明する。以下に示す各実施形態において,ハイブリッド自動車は,前輪をエンジンによって駆動し,後輪をモータによって駆動する構成とする。ただし,実用的には,エンジン,モータの配置に関わらず,エンジンとモータが共に駆動に用いられるいわゆるパラレルハイブリッド自動車の構成において,同様の制御が適用可能である。 また,シリーズ・パラレルハイブリッド自動車におけるパラレルモードでの走行時にも適用可能である。さらに,本発明のハイブリッド車両には,上記ハイブリッド自動車のほかに同様の構成を有する産業車両も含まれる。
TeDrv = TaxsDrv(VSP, APO) / (RatioTm(VSP, APO) * GfF) (1)
TeDrv 発電未実施時エンジントルク
TaxsDrv 車軸における要求駆動トルク
VSP 車速
APO アクセル開度
RatioTm トランスミッションの減速比
GfF フロントファイナルギア減速比
ηGen = ηEngGen * ηMotGen (2)
ηEngGen = f(Ne, TeDrv + ΔTe) (3)
ηMotGen = f(Nm, TmGen) (4)
TmGen = (-1) * TeGen * RatioTm * GfF / GfR (5)
ηGen 発電動作点効率
ηEngGen 発電実施時のエンジン動作点(図2に示す点P2)効率
ηMotGen 発電実施時のモータ動作点(図3に示す点Q2)効率
Ne エンジン回転数
Nm モータ回転数
TmGen 発電トルク(モータ軸での値)
GfR リアファイナルギア減速比
(1)本実施の形態の発電制御装置は,ハイブリッド自動車400の車速Vspとアクセル開度APOとに基づき,ハイブリッド自動車400の駆動に必要な発電未実施時エンジントルクTeDrvを演算する。車速Vspに対応するエンジン回転数Neと発電未実施時エンジントルクTeDrvとに基づき発電トルクΔTeを演算する。車速Vspに対応するエンジン回転数Neと発電未実施時エンジントルクTeDrvと発電トルクΔTeとに基づき,発電トルクΔTeに応じた発電動作点効率ηGenを演算する。バッテリの充電に必要な必要充電量を演算し,発電動作点効率ηGenが発電を許可/禁止する閾値効率を下回るとき,発電を禁止する。発電を許可/禁止する閾値効率と必要充電量との関係は発電許可下限効率線で表され,発電を許可/禁止する閾値効率は必要充電量が大きいほど小さい値をとる。バッテリ406の蓄電量の蓄電量時間変化率が,蓄電量時間変化率上限と蓄電量時間変化率下限との間の範囲に含まれないとき,発電を許可/禁止する閾値効率を補正する。こうしたバッテリの蓄電量に応じた柔軟な発電制御により,蓄電量に余裕があるときは高効率な発電を優先的に行いつつ,蓄電量に余裕が無いときは蓄電量を速やかに回復することを両立できるという作用効果を奏する。
第1の実施の形態では,発電制御の許可/禁止を判定するために,図5のステップS507に示すような発電動作点効率と発電許可下限効率との比較を実施するが,代わりに,図13に示す処理手順に従って発電時効率向上量と発電許可下限効率向上量との比較に基づき判定してもよい。発電時効率向上量は,発電走行を仮定した場合のバッテリ406の充電効率に関する物理量であり,その詳細は後述する。図13について以下にて説明するが,図5と異なるステップS1305,S1306,S1307,S1308およびS1309についてのみ説明する。
ΔηGen = ηEngGen - ηEngNoGen =f(Ne, ΔTe) (6)
ηEngNoGen = f(Ne, TeDrv) (7)
ηEngNoGen 発電未実施時エンジン効率
(1)本実施の形態の発電制御装置は,ハイブリッド自動車400の車速Vspとアクセル開度APOとに基づき,ハイブリッド自動車400の駆動に必要な発電未実施時エンジントルクTeDrvを演算する。車速Vspに対応するエンジン回転数Neと発電未実施時エンジントルクTeDrvとに基づき発電トルクΔTeを演算する。車速Vspに対応するエンジン回転数Neと発電未実施時エンジントルクTeDrvと発電トルクΔTeとに基づき,発電トルクΔTeに応じた発電時効率向上量ΔηGenを演算する。バッテリの充電に必要な必要充電量を演算し,発電時効率向上量ΔηGenが発電を許可/禁止する閾値である効率向上量を下回るとき,発電を禁止する。発電を許可/禁止する閾値である効率向上量と必要充電量との関係は発電許可下限効率向上量線で表され,発電を許可/禁止する閾値である効率向上量は必要充電量が大きいほど小さい値をとる。バッテリ406の蓄電量の蓄電量時間変化率が,蓄電量時間変化率上限と蓄電量時間変化率下限との間の範囲に含まれないとき,発電を許可/禁止する閾値である効率向上量を補正する。こうしたバッテリの蓄電量に応じた柔軟な発電制御により,蓄電量に余裕があるときは高効率な発電を優先的に行いつつ,蓄電量に余裕が無いときは蓄電量を速やかに回復することを両立できるという作用効果を奏する。
以上で説明した実施の形態の発電制御装置を,次のように変形することもできる。
(1)第1の実施の形態の発電許可下限効率線の補正に,蓄電量情報以外の情報を加味することも考えられる。経路誘導情報を利用する変形例を示す。発電許可下限効率の演算(図5,ステップS506)における発電許可下限効率線の補正としては,蓄電量時間変化率と蓄電量時間変化率上限および蓄電量時間変化率下限との比較結果による補正(図8,ステップS804〜808)に加え,図18に示すような補正を行うこともできる。すなわち,近い将来に停車する際に必要な蓄電量を下回る蓄電量での停車が経路誘導情報などにより予測される場合には(ステップS1801,1802),発電許可下限効率下方補正線を採用(ステップS1803)する。
401 エンジン
402 クラッチ
403 トランスミッション
404 フロントディファレンシャルギア
405 前輪
406 バッテリ
407 インバータ
408 モータ
409 リアディファレンシャルギア
410 後輪
411 ECU
412 エンジン状態検知手段
413 路面
414 補機類
415 バッテリコントローラ
416 TPMS(Tire Pressure Monitoring System)
Claims (9)
- ハイブリッド車両に搭載し、エンジンが発生する発電トルクに応じてバッテリを充電するためのモータによる発電を制御する発電制御装置であって、
前記ハイブリッド車両の車速とアクセル開度とに基づき前記ハイブリッド車両の駆動に必要な要求駆動トルクを演算するとともに、前記車速と前記要求駆動トルクとに基づき前記発電トルクを演算するトルク演算手段と、
前記車速と前記要求駆動トルクと前記発電トルクとに基づき、前記発電トルクに応じた前記バッテリの充電効率に関する物理量を演算する物理量演算手段と、
前記バッテリの充電に必要な充電量を演算する充電量演算手段と、
前記物理量が所定の下限値を下回るとき、前記発電を禁止する発電禁止手段と、
前記バッテリの蓄電量の蓄電量時間変化率が第1の所定範囲に含まれないとき、前記所定の下限値を補正する補正手段とを備え、
前記所定の下限値は、前記必要な充電量が大きいほど小さいことを特徴とする発電制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の発電制御装置において、
前記補正手段は、前記蓄電量時間変化率が前記第1の所定範囲の上限を上回るとき、前記所定の下限値を引き上げ、前記蓄電量時間変化率が前記第1の所定範囲を下回るとき、前記所定の下限値を引き下げることを特徴とする発電制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の発電制御装置において、
前記補正手段による前記所定の下限値の補正を解除する補正解除手段をさらに備え、
前記補正手段が前記所定の下限値を補正したときであって、前記発電時における前記蓄電量の発電中蓄電量時間変化率が第2の所定範囲を逸脱した場合においては、前記発電中蓄電量時間変化率が前記第2の所定範囲内へ回復した時、前記補正解除手段は前記補正を解除することを特徴とする発電制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の発電制御装置において、
前記ハイブリッド車両の動作状態を示すセンサ情報を取得する取得手段と、
前記補正手段による前記所定の下限値の補正を解除する補正解除手段とをさらに備え、
前記補正手段が前記所定の下限値を補正したときであって、前記発電時における前記蓄電量の発電中蓄電量時間変化率が第2の所定範囲を逸脱し、かつ前記センサ情報が示す前記動作状態が所定のレベルを逸脱した場合においては、前記動作状態が前記所定のレベルへの復帰した時、前記補正解除手段は前記補正を解除することを特徴とする発電制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の発電制御装置において、
前記補正手段による前記所定の下限値の補正を解除する補正解除手段をさらに備え、
前記補正手段が前記所定の下限値を補正したときであって、前記発電時における前記蓄電量の発電中蓄電量時間変化率が第2の所定範囲内にある場合においては、前記補正手段が前記所定の下限値を補正してから所定時間が経過した時、前記補正解除手段は前記補正を解除することを特徴とする発電制御装置。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の発電制御装置において、
前記ハイブリッド車両の停車の予定があるとき、前記停車が予定されている停車予定地に前記ハイブリッド車両が停車する際の前記蓄電量の予測値が所定の蓄電量を下回るか否かを検出する検出手段をさらに備え、
前記検出手段が、前記予測値が前記所定の蓄電量を下回ることを検出したとき、前記補正手段は、前記所定の下限値を引き下げることを特徴とする発電制御装置。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の発電制御装置において、
前記エンジンを冷却する冷却水温度が所定温度よりも低いとき、前記補正手段は、前記所定の下限値を引き下げることを特徴とする発電制御装置。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の発電制御装置において、
前記物理量は、前記発電トルクに応じた前記発電時の発電動作点効率であることを特徴とする発電制御装置。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の発電制御装置において、
前記物理量は、前記発電トルクに応じて前記モータが発電する時の前記エンジンの動作点効率と、前記モータが発電しない時の前記エンジンの動作点効率との差であることを特徴とする発電制御装置。
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