JP5281101B2 - 海藻の発酵によるgabaの製造方法 - Google Patents
海藻の発酵によるgabaの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5281101B2 JP5281101B2 JP2010549553A JP2010549553A JP5281101B2 JP 5281101 B2 JP5281101 B2 JP 5281101B2 JP 2010549553 A JP2010549553 A JP 2010549553A JP 2010549553 A JP2010549553 A JP 2010549553A JP 5281101 B2 JP5281101 B2 JP 5281101B2
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- fermentation
- seaweed
- gaba
- kelp
- glutamic acid
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Description
本発明で、海藻では、例えば、昆布、わかめ、ひじき、ほんだわら、のり、天草、青海藻、青角、青苔、甘苔、大黄、カラギニンなどがあるが、ここに制限されるのではない。本発明で、海藻は望ましくは昆布である。昆布は乾燥昆布を基準で約5%位のグルタミン酸を含んだことと知られている。
本発明で発酵微生物では乳酸菌、または酵母、またはこれらのいずれも利用するのが可能である。
発酵後、発酵産物を追加で120〜125℃で15〜30分間高温加圧滅菌(autoclaving)する。高温加圧滅菌は食品業係で広く使われている高温加圧滅菌装置(autoclave)によって実施することができる。高温加圧滅菌によって発酵産物に存在する微生物を滅菌することができる。
(1−1:乳酸菌による昆布の発酵)
冷水で2回水洗し、脱塩した乾昆布切れ(1〜3cm2)と水を1:5〜1:15の割合で選択的に混合した。その後、添加水量の1〜3%の米糠粉末(50−100メッシュ)を添加して撹拌した後、121℃で20分間高温加圧滅菌(autoclaving)して30℃まで冷却した以後、MRS培地で18時間前もって培養した乳酸菌(Lactobacillus brevis BJ-20、KCTC11377BP)を全体培地対比1−4%(v/v)接種し、25〜35℃で2〜4日間嫌気または豪気条件で発酵した。発酵後、乳酸菌の滅菌のために121℃で20分間高温加圧滅菌と冷却などの工程を通じ、昆布に多量に含有されている天然グルタミン酸をGABAで転換させ、昆布に多量で存在するその機能性の海藻多糖類を低分子化することで、最終的には昆布由来の高濃度天然GABAと機能性低分子オリゴ糖を含む昆布発酵液を製造した。
冷水で2回水洗し、脱塩した乾昆布切れ(1−3cm2)と、水を昆布重量対比15倍添加し、選択的に混合した。その後、添加水量の2%の米糠粉末(50−100メッシュ)を添加し、撹拌した後、121℃で20分間高温加圧滅菌し、30℃まで冷却した。その後、YM培地で18時間前もって培養した酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)を全体培養液対比2−5%(v/v)接種して37℃で3日間嫌気的または豪気的条件で発酵した。発酵後、微生物の滅菌と培養された酵母の抽出のため、121℃で20分間高温加圧滅菌と冷却などの工程を通じ、昆布に多量に含有されている天然グルタミン酸をGABA成分で転換させて昆布に多量で存在する高機能性の海藻多糖類を低分子化することで、最終的には昆布由来の高濃度天然GABAと機能性低分子オリゴ糖を含む昆布発酵液を製造した。
冷水で2回水洗し、脱塩した乾昆布切れ(1−3cm2)と、水を1:5〜1:15の割合で選択的に混合した後、添加水量の2%の米糠粉末(50−100mesh)を添加し、撹拌した後、121℃で20分間高温加圧滅菌し、30℃まで冷却した後、MRSおよびYM培地で18時間それぞれ前もって培養した乳酸菌(Lactobacillus brevis MBP-20)と酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)を全体培養液対比3%(v/v)を乳酸菌と酵母接種量の割合を1:1、2:1、1:2、1:3、3:1でそれぞれ異にして接種した後、37℃で3日間嫌気的条件で発酵した。発酵後、微生物の滅菌と培養された酵母の抽出のため、121℃で20分間高温加圧滅菌と冷却などの工程を通じ、昆布に多量に含有されている天然グルタミン酸をGABA成分で転換させ、昆布に多量で存在する高機能性の海藻多糖類を低分子化することで、最終的には昆布由来の高濃度天然GABAと機能性低分子オリゴ糖を含む昆布発酵液を製造した。
本実試例では、実試例1での製造方法で生成されるGABAの含量を増大するためには乳酸菌、酵母またはこれらを混合して発酵するにおいて、GABAの前驅物質であるグルタミン酸の含量には限界があるからグルタミン酸の含量を増量してくれることが必要である。したがって、人工のMSGを添加しなくて天然の材料からグルタミン酸の含量を増量させるため、本実試例では、天然のグルタミン酸を多量で含んでいるかき(生かき)およびかき抽出液を追加的に添加し、実試例1と等しい方法で乳酸菌、酵母またはこれらの混合発酵を嫌気的条件で実施した。その結果で、発酵後の高濃度天然GABAと機能性低分子オリゴ糖を含む昆布発酵液を製造した。本実試例ではかき(生かき)を全体重量の10%を発酵時添加することとかき抽出液(5Brix)を投入される水と取り替えることを特徴にする。
本実試例では、実試例1での製造方法で生成されるGABAの含量を増大するためには、乳酸菌、酵母またはこれらを混合して発酵するにおいて、GABAの前驅物質であるグルタミン酸の含量には限界があるからグルタミン酸の含量を増量してくれることが必須である。したがって、本実試例では、乳酸菌、酵母またはこれらを混合して発酵するにおいて、GABAの前驅物質であるグルタミン酸の含量を増量させるため、MSG(Mono Sodium Glutamate)を追加的に添加して実試例1と等しい方法で発酵を実施して高濃度の天然GABAと機能性低分子オリゴ糖を含む昆布発酵液を製造した。本実試例では、追加的なGABAの前驅物質でMSGを1〜10%まで添加することを特徴にする。
本実試例では、実試例1での製造方法で生成されるGABAの含量を増大するためには、乳酸菌、酵母またはこれらを混合して発酵するにおいて、GABAの前驅物質であるグルタミン酸の添加量増大のため、前もって昆布を熱水抽出し、外部循環式減圧型分離膜装置を利用し、分子量60kDa以下で分画(精密濾過)後、濃縮した(固形粉含量20Brix)昆布抽出濃縮液を実試例1に追加的に等量(1:1、重量比)添加後、等しい方法で嫌気的条件で発酵した。
上記の実試例1から4までの方法で製造され、收得された昆布発酵液に対し、遠心分離または外部循環式減圧型分離膜装置による用途別目的規格による空隙(pore size)別に精密濾過と15torr、60℃で減圧濃縮した。その後、目的する最終GABA含量による濃度で賦形剤を添加し、噴霧乾燥を通じ、粉末化した。ここで賦形剤ではマルトデックストリン、脱脂粉乳、ラクトース、カゼインなどを使った。
本実試例では、微生物を利用した昆布全体発酵過程で、すなわち、GABAおよび機能性オリゴ糖(フコイダンなど含黄海藻多糖類または含黄構成糖)を含む昆布発酵液の製造過程で、機能性多糖類の存在および減少可否を検証するため、次のような方法で比べた。
Claims (11)
- (1)昆布を120〜125℃で15〜30分間高温加圧滅菌し、培地の重量を基準として1〜3%の米糠と、グルタミン酸が含有された天然物または合成物とを培地に追加し、培地を準備する段階;
(2)上記培地にラックトバシルロスブレビスBJ−20(KCTC11377BP)とサカロマイセスセレビシエとの中で、少なくとも一つの微生物を接種し、微生物によって好気または嫌気条件で発酵させてグルタミン酸のGABA(gamma aminobutyric acid)への転換と、海藻多糖類の単糖類とオリゴ糖への分解とを誘導する段階;および
(3)発酵産物を120〜125℃で15〜30分間高温加圧滅菌する段階を含む昆布発酵産物の製造方法。 - 上記グルタミン酸が含有された天然物は、かき、かき抽出液、昆布抽出液、これらの混合物、それぞれの濃縮液および上記混合物の濃縮液で成り立ったグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 上記グルタミン酸が含有された天然物は1〜10%(w/w)の量で添加されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 上記グルタミン酸が含有された合成物はMSGであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 上記グルタミン酸が含有された合成物は1〜10%(w/w)の量で添加されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 上記段階(2)で微生物は培地対比0.1〜5%(v/v)の量で接種することを特徴にする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 上記段階(2)でラックトバシルロスブレビスBJ−20(KCTC11377BP)とサカロマイセスセレビシエとを一緒に接種する場合には、ラックトバシルロスブレビスBJ−20(KCTC11377BP)とサカロマイセスセレビシエとを1〜3:3〜1の割合で混合することを特徴にする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 上記段階(2)で発酵は25〜40℃で2〜4日間進行することを特徴にする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- (1)請求項1に記載の製造方法によって製造された昆布発酵産物を濾過し、発酵液と発酵残渣として分離して発酵液を收得する段階;
(2)上記発酵液を精密濾過する段階;
(3)精密濾過された発酵液に食品補助添加剤を添加して粉末化する段階を含む昆布発酵調味料の製造方法。 - 段階(2)で精密濾過は60kDa以下の物質を濾過する外部循環式減圧型分離膜を利用して実施することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- (1)請求項1に記載の製造方法によって製造された昆布発酵産物を濾過して発酵液と発酵残渣を分離して発酵残渣を收得する段階;
(2)上記発酵液を精密濾過して発酵残渣を收得する段階;
(3)上記段階(1)と(2)の発酵残渣を乾燥して粉末化する段階を含む昆布発酵粉末の製造方法。
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