JP5216285B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5216285B2 JP5216285B2 JP2007241266A JP2007241266A JP5216285B2 JP 5216285 B2 JP5216285 B2 JP 5216285B2 JP 2007241266 A JP2007241266 A JP 2007241266A JP 2007241266 A JP2007241266 A JP 2007241266A JP 5216285 B2 JP5216285 B2 JP 5216285B2
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon material
- amorphous carbon
- oil
- lithium ion
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
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- 239000002194 amorphous carbon material Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 51
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylacetamide Chemical compound CCNC(C)=O PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKAMTPRCXVGTND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyoxolane Chemical compound COC1CCCO1 OKAMTPRCXVGTND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007610 electrostatic coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium vanadium Chemical compound [Li].[V] DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylformamide Chemical compound CCNC=O KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Description
非晶質炭素材料がリチウムイオン二次電池用の負極材料として優れた性能を発揮するためには、真密度が1.800〜2.165g/cm3であり且つ不活性ガス雰囲気下、3000℃の温度での黒鉛化処理が施されると真密度が2.255g/cm3以上となる必要がある。なお、上記黒鉛化処理は、95体積%以上の窒素ガス雰囲気下、3000℃での熱処理を1時間以上行うものをいう。
d002=λ/(2sinθ) (1)
Lc002=91/β (2)
次に、リチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料の製造方法について詳細に説明する。上記の条件を満足する非晶質炭素材料が得られればその製造方法は、特に限定されないが、本実施形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料は、石油の精製過程で生じる減圧残渣油、FCC重質油及び脱硫重質油から選ばれる少なくとも2種の原料油を混合してなる原料油組成物を乾留処理(コーキング処理)した後、か焼する工程を備える製造方法によって得る好適に得ることができる。
減圧残渣油は、所定の原料油を減圧蒸留したときに残渣油として得られる初留点300℃以上、アスファルテン分12質量%以下、飽和分50質量%以上、且つ硫黄分0.3質量%以下の重質油であることが好ましい。この原料油としては、例えば、原油、原油の蒸留により得られる減圧蒸留残油、及びこれらの混合油等が挙げられる。これらの原料油を減圧蒸留するときの処理条件は、得られる減圧残渣油の沸点、アスファルテン分、飽和分及び硫黄分がそれぞれ上記条件を満たす限りにおいて特に制限されないが、圧力はマイナス30kPa以下が好ましく、温度は400℃以上が好ましい。
次に、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料を用いたリチウム二次電池について説明する。
また、シート状、ペレット状等の形状に成形された負極材スラリーと集電体との一体化は、例えば、ロール、プレス、もしくはこれらの組み合わせ等、公知の方法により行うことができる。
(1)負極炭素材料の作製
硫黄分3.0質量%の常圧蒸留残油を、Ni−Mo触媒の存在下、水素化脱硫し、水素化脱硫油を得た。一方、脱硫減圧軽油(硫黄分500質量ppm、15℃における密度0.88g/cm3)を流動接触分解し、流動接触分解残油を得た。上記水素化脱硫油と流動接触分解残油を1:3で混合し、その混合物をディレードコーカー装置に導入し、不活性ガス下、550℃で処理し、石油生コークスを得た。次いで、該生コークスをロータリーキルンに導入し、1400℃でか焼し、ニードルコークスを得た。得られたニードルコークスを粉砕し、平均粒子径25μmのコークス微粒子を得た。
(a)負極の作製
活物質としてコークス微粒子、導電材としてアセチレンブラック(AB)、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を80:10:10(重量比)の割合でN−メチル−2−ピロリドン中で混合し、スラリーを作製した。該スラリーを銅箔上に塗布し、ホットプレートで10分間乾燥したのち、ロールプレスでプレス成形した。
(b)評価用電池の作製
負極として上記の組成物(30×50mm)、正極としてニッケル酸リチウム(30×50mm)、電解液としてエチレンカーボネート(EC)/メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)混合液(EC/MEC質量比:3/7、溶質:LiPF6(1M体積モル濃度))、及びセパレータとしてポリエチレン微孔膜を用いた。
(c)充電レート特性の評価
定電流で充電を行い、一定電圧(4.2V)になってから定電圧充電に切り替えるという方法で、電流密度を変えて(0.5C、1C、3C、5C、10C、20C)充電レートを評価した。結果を表2に示した。
0.2Cで充電を行い、一定電圧になってから定電圧充電に切り替え、8時間充電したのち、電流密度を変えて(0.5C、1C、3C、5C、10C、20C)放電し、放電レートを評価した。結果を表3に示した。
電解液としてプロピレンカーボネート(PC)/メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)混合液(PC/MEC質量比が3/7、溶質:LiPF6(1M体積モル濃度)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ操作で評価用電池を作製した。充電レート特性の評価結果を表4に、放電レート特性の評価結果を表5に示した。
実施例1において製造したニードルコークスを粉砕し、平均粒子径25μmのコークス微粒子を得た。上記コークス微粒子を3000℃で黒鉛化処理を行い、得られた黒鉛化物の特性は表1に記載した通りである。
か焼温度を1600℃にした以外は実施例1と同一の方法でニードルコークスを得た。得られたニードルコークスを粉砕し、平均粒子径25μmのコークス微粒子を得た。上記コークス微粒子を3000℃で黒鉛化処理を行い、得られた黒鉛化物の特性を、1600℃か焼コークス微粒子の特性と併せて表6に示した。また、上記1600℃か焼品を負極活物質として用いた以外は実施例1と同じ操作で、評価用電池を作製した。実施例1と同様の操作で充電レート特性及び放電レート特性を評価した結果を、表7、表8に示した。
(1)負極炭素材料の作製
脱硫減圧軽油(硫黄分500質量ppm、15℃における密度0.88g/cm3)を流動接触分解し、流動接触分解残油を得た。流動接触分解残油をディレードコーカー装置に導入し、不活性ガス下、550℃で処理し、石油生コークスを得た。次いで、該生コークスをロータリーキルンに導入し、1400℃でか焼し、単一原料油ニードルコークスを得た。得られたニードルコークスを粉砕し、平均粒子径25μmの単一原料油コークス微粒子を得た。
負極活物質として上記のニードルコークスを用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ操作で、評価用電池を作製した。実施例1と同様の操作で充電レート特性及び放電レート特性を評価した結果を、表10、表11に示した。
Claims (2)
- 石油の精製過程で生じる減圧残渣油、FCC重質油及び脱硫重質油から選ばれる少なくとも2種の原料油を混合してなる原料油組成物をコーキング処理した後、か焼して製造され、
真密度が1.800〜2.165g/cm3であり且つ不活性ガス雰囲気下、3000℃の温度での黒鉛化処理が施されると真密度が2.255g/cm3以上となり、
X線回折によって求められるc軸方向の結晶子サイズLcが3〜12nmであり且つ前記黒鉛化処理が施されると結晶子サイズLcが80nm以上となり、
前記黒鉛化処理が施されるとX線回折によって求められる平均層間距離d 002 が0.3361nm以下となり、
前記黒鉛化処理が施されるとX線回折によって求められるa軸方向の結晶子サイズLaが250nm以上となることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料。 - 得られる非晶質炭素材料の真密度が1.800〜2.165g/cm3であり且つ当該非晶質炭素材料が不活性ガス雰囲気下、3000℃の温度で黒鉛化処理されると真密度が2.255g/cm3以上となり、
X線回折によって求められるc軸方向の結晶子サイズLcが3〜12nmであり且つ前記黒鉛化処理が施されると結晶子サイズLcが80nm以上となり、
前記黒鉛化処理が施されるとX線回折によって求められる平均層間距離d 002 が0.3361nm以下となり、
前記黒鉛化処理が施されるとX線回折によって求められるa軸方向の結晶子サイズLaが250nm以上となるように、石油の精製過程で生じる減圧残渣油、FCC重質油及び脱硫重質油から選ばれる少なくとも2種の原料油を混合してなる原料油組成物をコーキング処理した後、か焼する工程を備えることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料の製造方法。
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JP2007241266A JP5216285B2 (ja) | 2007-09-18 | 2007-09-18 | リチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料及びその製造方法 |
EP08831653.4A EP2192641B1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | Amorphous carbon material for negative electrode of lithium ion secondary battery and method for producing the same |
CN2008801076424A CN101803077B (zh) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | 锂离子二次电池负极用无定形碳材料及其制造方法 |
PCT/JP2008/066770 WO2009038093A1 (ja) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | リチウムイオン二次電池負極用非晶質炭素材料及びその製造方法 |
KR1020107008272A KR20100061545A (ko) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | 리튬 이온 이차 전지 부극용 비정질 탄소 재료 및 그 제조 방법 |
US12/677,589 US20100215567A1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | Amorphous carbon material for negative electrode of lithium ion secondary battery and method for producing the same |
US13/360,065 US20120121987A1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2012-01-27 | Amorphous carbon material for negative electrode of lithium ion secondary battery and method for producing the same |
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2007
- 2007-09-18 JP JP2007241266A patent/JP5216285B2/ja active Active
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- 2008-09-17 KR KR1020107008272A patent/KR20100061545A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-09-17 WO PCT/JP2008/066770 patent/WO2009038093A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-09-17 EP EP08831653.4A patent/EP2192641B1/en active Active
- 2008-09-17 CN CN2008801076424A patent/CN101803077B/zh active Active
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EP2192641B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
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US20120121987A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
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US20100215567A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
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