JP5215544B2 - 皮膚外用剤 - Google Patents
皮膚外用剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5215544B2 JP5215544B2 JP2006229092A JP2006229092A JP5215544B2 JP 5215544 B2 JP5215544 B2 JP 5215544B2 JP 2006229092 A JP2006229092 A JP 2006229092A JP 2006229092 A JP2006229092 A JP 2006229092A JP 5215544 B2 JP5215544 B2 JP 5215544B2
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Description
また、乾燥に関しては、角質層に存在する天然保湿成分(NMF)の観点から、グアニジン誘導体(特許文献3)等に代表される成分が報告され、くすみに関しては、血行促進剤による改善の観点から、ビタミンEオロチン酸エステル、ビタミンEニコチン酸エステル(特許文献4)等に代表される成分が報告されている。
なお、本発明において、粘度20000mPa・s程度までは、B8L型粘度計(6rpm/min,ロータNo.3)(TOKIMEC.Inc.)、それ以上の粘度は、B8R型粘度計(5rpm/min,スピンドルT−D)(TOKIMEC.Inc.)により、25℃、1分間の条件で測定した。
このようなアクリル酸系ポリマーは、塩基性物質、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の無機塩基;アミノメチルプロパノール、トリエタノールアミン、L−アルギニン等の有機塩基などで中和して用いられる。
これらのうち、L−アスコルビン酸類としては、例えば、L−アスコルビン酸リン酸エステル及びその塩、L−アスコルビン酸硫酸エステル及びその塩、L−アスコルビン酸及びその塩、2−O−α−D−グルコシル−L−アスコルビン酸、テトラ2−ヘキシルデカン酸アスコルビル等が好ましいものとして挙げられる。
コウジ酸類としては、例えば、コウジ酸;コウジ酸モノブチレート、コウジ酸モノカプレート、コウジ酸モノパルミテート、コウジ酸ジパルミテート等のコウジ酸、モノ、ジ脂肪酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
また、ルシノール類としては、例えば一般式(1)
で表されるレゾルシノール誘導体等が挙げられる。
カミツレの花を乾燥し、細切する。それにスクワランを加え、時々攪拌しながら室温から50℃まで浸漬した後、圧搾分離して抽出液を得る。この抽出液を濾過してカミツレ抽出エキスとする。
グアニジン類としては、例えば一般式(2)又は(3)
で表わされるものが挙げられる。
で表わされるものが挙げられる。
これらのグアニジン類(4)のうち、特に、N−アミジノ−プロリン、2−ヒドロキシメチル−1−ピロリジンカルボキサミジン、3−ヒドロキシ−1−ピロリジンカルボキサミジンが好ましい。
アミン類としては、例えば一般式(5)
で表わされるアミン類又はその酸付加塩が挙げられる。
で表わされるセラミド類が挙げられる。
これらのうち、使用感の観点から、特に、プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール(分子量200〜100万)、エトキシジグリコール、グリセリンが好ましい。
で表わされるスフィンゴシン類;アカメガシワ、ウワウルシ、カロコン、ゴシツ、サンキライ、ハンゲ、セネガ、ショウブ、スイカズラ、ムクロジ、アスパラサスリネアリス、ブッチャーブルーム、エンゴサク、キキョウ、ハマボウフウ、シコン、トマト、ヘチマ、レモン、アルテア、カッコン、セイヨウサンザシ、トウキンセンカ、ハマメリス、ブドウ、ボダイジュ、メリッサ、マロニエ、アボガド、キナ、セイヨウネズ、イザヨイバラ、レタス、イリス、コウホネ、シイタケ、ツボクサ、トウガラシ及びメリロートから選ばれる植物抽出物、クロレラ抽出物、並びに胎盤抽出物から選ばれる角層剥離剤のほか、サリチル酸、エリスロマイシン、テトラサイクリン、グリンダマイシン、硫黄、カンフル、サルファ剤等の皮脂抑制・吸収成分、角質軟化・剥離成分、抗菌・殺菌成分、抗炎症成分等が挙げられる。
組成物中に気体を溶解又は分散させる方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、酸素ボンベからチューブを引き、そのチューブを組成物中に入れ、組成物を250rpm、ホモミキサー5000rpm程度で攪拌しながら15分間程度酸素をバブリングさせることにより、行なうことができる。組成物の粘度が高い場合には、ホモミキサーの攪拌速度を上昇させたり、ディスパーといったより攪拌の高まる装置を用いても良い。また、組成物と気体を混合後2〜10気圧で加圧し、一気に開放して気泡を発生させる加圧溶解法や、SPG管(SPGテクノ社)など微細な細孔から気体を10〜50気圧で押し込んで気泡を形成させるSPG法などを用いても良い。
また、気泡の酸素濃度は吹き込んだ酸素濃度と等しく、より詳しく測定する場合は、皮膚外用剤をガス不透過のシート(例えばアルミピロー)に入れ、高温で保存して気泡を組成物中から取り出し、出てきたガスの酸素濃度を測定する。酸素の含有量は、調製後の皮膚外用剤を凍結し、気泡を完全に除いた組成物の質量差分から算出することに確認することができる。
ガスの25℃における圧力は、内袋内の製剤が噴霧できるものであれば良く、0.1〜1.0MPa、特に0.3〜0.95MPaであるのが好ましい。
表1に示す組成の皮膚外用剤を製造し、細胞のターンオーバー速度の指標として、細胞面積の計測を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
表1に示す組成物をビーカーにて1kg調製した。室温、又は室温で固体の成分を配合する場合は、一旦80℃に加熱し、攪拌溶解させて均一にし、室温にもどした。調製した組成物は、減圧下で充分に泡を抜く。次に、調製した組成物を2重ガラスジャケット(特殊機化工業)に入れ、ジャケットの底面からチューブを通じて酸素ボンベ及び窒素ボンベから、0.2MPaの圧力で酸素及び窒素を吹き込む。酸素と窒素の混合割合を調整し、酸素濃度を調整する。パドルミキサー(特殊機化工業)を50rpmで攪拌しながら、ホモミキサーを5000rpmで回転させ、組成物中に10分間十分な酸素の気泡を含ませた。調製は全て開放系にて行った。
得られた皮膚外用剤の一部を透明の密閉容器に充填し、冷却、加温を人為的に繰返し、組成物中に含まれた気泡を分離する。分離した気層中の酸素を、酸素濃度計(エムケーサイエンティフィック社)により測定する。分散した気泡の質量は、調製した組成物を一定量採取し、液体窒素で凍結し混合した気泡を抜いた後の質量を測定し、その差分から測定した。
なお、比較例1は、酸素を含む気体の混合を行わなかった。
細胞のターンオーバー速度の指標として、テープ剥離試験により細胞面積の計測を行った。すなわち、30歳〜45歳までの健常な男性被験者8名の上腕内側部1.5cm×1.5cmに、実施例1又は比較例1の皮膚外用剤を1日2回、4週間塗布した。その後、被験者の塗布部位に、セロハンテープを一定の荷重(40g/cm2)で押し当てて剥がし、角層細胞を採取した。採取した角層細胞は、塩基性フクシンで染色し、顕微鏡にて400倍に拡大し、100個の角層細胞の面積を計測し、その平均を算出した。4週後の細胞面積の平均値を初期値(塗布開始前の細胞面積)で除して、細胞面積の変化率を求め、8名の変化率の平均をターンオーバー速度の指標とした。
表2及び表3に示す組成の皮膚外用剤を、実施例1と同様にして製造し、粘度を測定し、配合した気泡の安定性を評価した。結果を表2及び表3に併せて示す。
(1)粘度:
粘度20000mPa・s程度までは、B8L型粘度計(6rpm/min,ロータNo.3)(TOKIMEC.Inc.)、それ以上の粘度は、B8R型粘度計(5rpm/min,スピンドルT−D)(TOKIMEC.Inc.)により、25℃、1分間の条件で測定した。
各皮膚外用剤を、室温(25℃)及び40℃に1ヶ月静置した後、その外観(気泡の状態)を、目視により下記の基準に従い評価した。
◎:製造直後の気泡の状態と大きな変化が認められない。
○:製造直後の気泡の状態より不均一化しているが、皮膚外用剤としての使用は可能。
△:製造直後の気泡の状態より不均一化し、気泡の明らかな消失や合一が認められる。
表5に示す組成の皮膚外用剤を、実施例1と同様にして製造し、美白効果を評価した。結果を表5に併せて示す。
被験者20名の上腕内側部3箇所に、UV−B領域の紫外線を最小紅斑量の2倍量になるように照射し、誘導した色素斑に、1日2回、1ケ月間被験部位に、各皮膚外用剤を連続塗布した。
評価は、色差計(村上色彩製、CMS−1200)を用いて測定を行い、得られたマンセル値よりL* 値を算出し、ΔΔL* 値を指標として用いた。なお、ΔΔL* 値は以下のように定義した。
試料塗布開始直前の試料塗布被験部位及び試料未塗布被験部位のL* 値をそれぞれL0、L0 '、連続塗布1ケ月後の各々の部位L* 値をそれぞれL1 、L1 'とし、ΔΔL* は以下の式で表わした。また、評価は被験者20名の表4に示す評価点の平均値で示した。
表6に示す組成の皮膚外用剤を、実施例1と同様にして製造し、しわ改善効果を評価した。結果を表6に併せて示す。
32歳〜49歳までの健常な女性45名をパネラーとし、3群に分けた。各群に各皮膚外用剤を、通常使用する美容液に替えて4週間使用させた。試験開始前及び4週間塗布後の状態を、目視にて下記基準(J.Cosmet.Sci., 2000, Vol.51, 127−139)をもとに絶対評価(スコア)し、試験前後の差より「試験前スコア−4週後のスコア=しわ改善効果値」とし、平均値を求めた。
0:しわがない。
1:かすかにしわがある。
2:ややしわがある。
3:しわがある。
4:かなりしわがある。
表7に示す組成の皮膚外用剤を、実施例1と同様にして製造し、保湿改善効果を評価した。結果を表7に併せて示す。
32歳〜49歳までの健常な女性30名をパネラーとし、3群に分けた。各群に各皮膚外用剤を1日2回、通常使用する乳液・クリームに替えて4週間使用させた。試験開始前と4週間後の2回、頬部の水分量を測定した。測定前に洗顔し、温度20℃、湿度40%の恒温恒湿室に入り、15分後に角質層中の水分含有量をインピーダンスメーター(IBS社製)で測定した。得られた結果は、下記の式でΔ水分量として計算し、下記の基準で判定した。
Δ水分量=(S2−S1)
S1;皮膚外用剤塗布前の肌の水分量。
S2;皮膚外用剤塗布後の肌の水分量。
◎:Δ水分量が25以上で明らかに水分量が高い。
○:Δ水分量が10〜25未満でやや水分量が高い。
×:Δ水分量が10未満で水分量にほとんど差がない。
表8に示す組成のエアゾール型皮膚外用剤を製造した。
得られた皮膚外用剤は、皮膚細胞のターンオーバーを促進し、シミ、シワ、たるみ、乾燥、くすみを改善する効果に優れていた。
表8に示す組成物をビーカーにて1kg調製し、室温で攪拌溶解させ均一にした。減圧下で充分に泡を抜く。調製した組成物を、2重ガラスジャケット(特殊機化工業)に入れ、ジャケットの底面からチューブを通じて酸素ボンベ及び窒素ボンベから、0.2MPaの圧力で酸素及び窒素を吹き込む。なお、酸素と窒素の混合割合を約1:3になるように調整した。パドルミキサー(特殊機化工業)を50rpmで攪拌しながら、ホモミキサーを5000rpmで回転させ、組成物中に10分間十分な酸素の気泡を含ませた。調製は全て開放系にて行った。
得られた皮膚外用剤を二重構造の容器の耐圧内袋内に入れ、外容器内に加圧ガスとして液化石油ガス(LPG)を用いた。加圧ガスの25℃における圧力は0.8MPaとした。
表9に示す組成のシート貼付型皮膚外用剤を製造した。
得られた皮膚外用剤は、皮膚細胞のターンオーバーを促進し、シミ、シワ、たるみ、乾燥、くすみを改善する効果に優れていた。
表9に示す組成をビーカーにて1kg調製し、室温で攪拌溶解させ均一にした。減圧下で充分に泡を抜く。調製した組成物を、2重ガラスジャケット(特殊機化工業)に入れ、ジャケットの底面からチューブを通じて酸素ボンベ及び窒素ボンベから、0.2MPaの圧力で酸素及び窒素を吹き込む。なお、酸素と窒素の混合割合を約1:2になるように調整した。パドルミキサー(特殊機化工業)を50rpmで攪拌しながら、ホモミキサーを5000rpmで回転させ、組成物中に10分間十分な酸素の気泡を含ませた。調製は全て開放系にて行った。
得られた皮膚外用剤を、35%濃度酸素で置換したチャンバー内で、不織布に厚さが1.0mmになるように均一に塗り広げ、製剤面をプラスチックのシートで覆い、アルミピローに封入した。アルミピローの口をトップシーラー(泰斗商事)を用いシールした。
Claims (2)
- 酸素を25〜100質量%含む気体を、組成物100gに対して1mg〜0.5g溶解又は分散してなり、合成ケイ酸Mg・Na及び結晶セルロースから選ばれる平均粒子径0.0001〜50μmの微粒子と、美白剤、シワ改善剤及び保湿剤から選ばれる1種以上の有効成分を含有し、25℃における粘度が、500〜500000mPa・sである皮膚外用剤。
- 平均粒子径0.0001〜50μmの微粒子を0.0001〜1質量%含有する請求項1記載の皮膚外用剤。
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JP5647764B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-05 | 2015-01-07 | 花王株式会社 | 容器入り身体貼付用酸素供給シート |
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