JP5184093B2 - ディスプレイを駆動する方法、保持媒体、システム及び機器 - Google Patents
ディスプレイを駆動する方法、保持媒体、システム及び機器 Download PDFInfo
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Description
D. D. LeeおよびH. S. Seung、"Learning the Parts of Objects by Non-Negative Matrix Factorisation"、Nature、(米国)、1999年10月21日、第401巻、p.788〜791
Y.Wang、Y.Jia、C.HuおよびM. Turk、“Fisher Non-Negative Matrix Factorisation for Learning Local Features”;
M. RajapakaseおよびL. Wyse、Prock. SPIE、(編集者T. EbrahimiおよびT. Sikora)、“Face Recognition with Non-Negative Matrix Factorisation”、(米国)、Visual Communications and Image Processing 2003、第5150巻、p.1838〜1847
でさらに説明されている。
ここでは有機金属LEDを含む有機発光ダイオードは、使用される材料に依存する色の範囲内で、ポリマー、小分子、およびデンドリマーを含む材料を使用して製造することができる。ポリマーベースの有機LEDの例が、国際公開第90/13148号パンフレット、国際公開第95/06400号パンフレット、および国際公開第99/48160号パンフレットに記載されており、デンドリマーベースの材料の例が、国際公開第99/21935号パンフレットおよび国際公開第02/067343号パンフレットに記載されており、いわゆる小分子ベースの装置の例が米国特許第4,539,507号明細書に記載されている。典型的なOLED装置は、2つの層の有機材料を有し、その一方が発光ポリマー(LEP)、オリゴマー、または発光低分子量材料などの発光材料の層であり、他方がポリチオフェン誘導体やポリアニリン誘導体などの正孔移送材料(hole transporting material)の層である。
OLEDディスプレイの寿命を改善することのできる技法が引き続き求められている。パッシブマトリックスディスプレイはアクティブマトリックスディスプレイよりも製造するのがずっと安価であるので、パッシブマトリックスディスプレイに適用可能である技法が特に求められている。OLEDの駆動レベル(したがって輝度)を低減することにより、装置の寿命を著しく向上させることができ、例えばOLEDの駆動/輝度を半分にすることによってその寿命を約4倍に向上させることができる。マルチラインアドレス指定(MLA)技法を使用して、具体的にはパッシブマトリックスOLEDディスプレイでどのようにピークディスプレイ駆動レベルを低減し、したがってディスプレイ寿命を向上させることができるかを先に説明した(前述の出願人の以前の特許出願を参照)。
好ましくは、イメージ行列分解は非負行列分解(NMF)を含む。概略的に言えば、NMFでは、(非負である)イメージ行列Xが1対の行列FおよびGに分解され、それによってXがFとGの積にほぼ等しくなり、FおよびGは、その成分がすべて0以上であるという制約を受ける条件下で選ばれる。典型的なNMFアルゴリズムは、XとFGとの間の平方ユークリッド距離などのコスト関数を最小にすることを目標とすることにより、FおよびGを反復的に更新して近似を改善する。非負行列分解はエレクトロルミネセントディスプレイを駆動するのに有用である。そのようなディスプレイを駆動して「負」のルミネセンスを生成することはできないからである。
D.D. Lee、H.S. Seung、“Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization”;
P. Paatero、U. Tapper.、“Least squares formulation of robust non-negative factor analysis”、Chemometr. Intell. Lab.、1997年、第37巻、p.23〜35;
P. Paatero、“A weighted non-negative least squares algorithm for three-way ‘PARAFAC' factor analysis”、Chemometr. Intell. Lab.、1997年、第38巻、p.223〜242;
P. Paatero、P.K. Hopke、他、“Understanding and controlling rotations in factor analytic models”、Chemometr Intell. Lab、2002年、第60巻、p.253〜264;
J.W. Demmel、“Applied numerical linear algebra”、Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics、Philadelphia、1997年;
S. Juntto, P. Paatero、“Analysis of daily precipitation data by positive matrix factorization”、Enviromnetrics、1994年、第5巻、p.127〜144;
P, Paatero、U. Tapper、“ Positive matrix factorization: a non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values”、Environmetrics、1994年、第5巻、p.111〜126;
C.L. Lawson, R.J. Hanson、“Solving least squares problems”、Prentice-Hall、Englewood Cliffs、NJ、1974年;
Daniel D. Lee、H. Sebastian Seung、“Algorithms for Non-negative Matrix Factorization”、Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13、Papers from Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) 2000年、米国コロラド州デンバー、MIT Press 2001、p.556〜562;
Wenguo Liu、Jianliang Yi、“Existing and New Algorithms for Non-negative Matrix Factorization”(www.dcfl.gov/DCCI/rdwg/nmf.pdf;その中で論じられているアルゴリズムに関するソースコードはhttp://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/liuwg/383CProject/CS_383C_Project.htmで見つけることができる)。
次に、本発明による、MLAおよびその他の応用についてのNMFデータ処理手順の実施形態をより詳細に説明する。
G=1IA F=(Xaverage/A)・1AU (1)
GIAFAU=XIU (2)
生MLA MUX 100
実効MLA MUX 32.418824
推定寿命利得* 3.084628
*注:駆動レベルに対する寿命の2次依存を仮定
生MLA MUX 50
実効MLA MUX 19.879786
推定寿命利得* 5.030235
*注:駆動レベルに対する寿命の2次依存を仮定
GIAFAU=XIU (23)
Aa=b
ATAa=ATb
a=(ATA)-1ATb (26)
上式で、aはn個の未知の定数を含むベクトルであり、Aは既知のパラメータのm×n行列であり、bはm個の既知の結果を含むベクトルである(例えば、よりなじみのあるy=Xaという記法と比較。ただしyの各値はx1、x2...、の値と関連付けられ、aについて解く)。n>mである場合(すなわち結果よりも未知数が多い場合)、ATAは非正則であり、非可逆である。
開始
各xおよびyについて、Qxy=Qxy+RpyCxp
各yについて、
開始に戻る
106 正孔移送層
108 エレクトロルミネセント
110 陰極層
111 金属容器
150 OLEDディスプレイ装置
152 エレクトロルミネセントピクセル
154 導電線
158 陽極線
200 定電流発生器
202 電源ライン
204 列ライン
206 行ライン
208 グランド線
210 切換え接続
212 ピクセル
300 汎用ドライバ回路
302 OLEDディスプレイ
304 行ライン
306 行電極接点
308 列ライン
310 列電極接点
314 y-ドライバ
316 x-ドライバ
318 プロセッサ
320 電源
500 パッシブマトリックスOLEDドライバ
502 データおよび制御バス
503 フレームストアメモリ
505 読取りバス
506 ディスプレイ駆動プロセッサ
507 プログラムメモリ
507a 取外し可能ストレージ
508 クロック
509 列データ入力
511 行データ入力
1000 列ドライバ
1002 電流源
1010 行ドライバ
1012 プログラマブルカレントミラー
Claims (20)
前記データをデジタル処理する方法は、
目標行列データ(X)を入力する過程と、
前記第1および第2行列の一方の行と、前記第1および第2行列の他方の列とを選択する過程と、
前記目標行列に対する前記選択した行および列の目標寄与(R)を求める過程と、
非負制約を条件として、前記目標寄与から前記選択した行および列に関する更新値を求める過程と、
すべての前記行および列が更新されるまで、前記第1および第2行列の他の行および列について、前記選択する過程および前記求める過程を反復する過程と、
を含み、
前記目標寄与(R)を求める過程は、前記目標行列(X)と、前記選択した行および列を除く前記第1および第2行列のすべての行および列から求めた重み付けされた特性の和との差を求める過程を含み、
前記目標寄与は前記差であるディスプレイを駆動する方法。
前記選択した行の以前の値とは実質的に無関係に、前記選択した行に関する新しい値を求める過程と、
前記選択した列の以前の値とは実質的に無関係に、前記選択した列に関する新しい値を求める過程と、
を含む請求項1に記載のディスプレイを駆動する方法。
上式で、RはI行U列の行列であり、FはA行U列の行列であり、GはI行A列の行列であり、f1およびf2は第1関数および第2関数を示し、GiaはGのi行a列におけるデータ要素を示し、FauはFのa行u列におけるデータ要素を示す請求項1または2に記載のディスプレイを駆動する方法。
上式でZiuは、XおよびRの少なくとも一方に依存するI×U行列のi行u列におけるデータ要素を示し、γは正である請求項7に記載のディスプレイを駆動する方法。
前記初期化は、前記イメージと前のイメージとの差の程度に依存する請求項11に記載のディスプレイを駆動する方法。
前記第1行列によって決定される1組の前記特性は、前記第2行列によって決定される前記重み付けに従って組み合わされるときに前記イメージを近似する1組のサブフレームを構成する請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載のディスプレイを駆動する方法。
前記デジタル処理する方法を使用して、表示用のデータを前記目標行列データ(X)として処理し、前記第1および第2行列(F、G)を求め、複数のサブフレームを使用してイメージを形成するために前記ディスプレイを駆動し、
各サブフレームは、前記第1および第2行列の一方の行と前記第1および第2行列の他方の列とに応答して駆動されるピクセルの行および列を有する請求項1に記載のディスプレイを駆動する方法。
前記システムは、
前記データアレイに関する前記データのための入力部と、
前記第1および第2行列を出力するための出力部と、
前記目標行列および前記行列の対を格納するデータメモリと、
プロセッサ制御コードを格納するプログラムメモリと、
前記入力部と、前記出力部と、前記データメモリと、前記プロセッサ制御コードをロードおよび実行する前記プログラムメモリとに結合されたプロセッサと、
を備え、
前記コードは、実行されるときデータをデジタル処理する前記方法が実行されるシステム。
前記機器は、
目標行列データ(X)を入力する手段と、
前記第1および第2行列の一方の行と、前記第1および第2行列の他方の列とを選択する手段と、
前記目標行列に対する前記選択した行および列の目標寄与(R)を求める手段と、
非負制約を条件として、前記目標寄与から前記選択した行および列に関する更新値を求める手段と、
すべての前記行および列が更新されるまで、前記第1および第2行列の他の行および列について、前記選択することおよび前記求めることを反復する手段と、
を備え、
前記目標寄与(R)を求めることは、前記目標行列(X)と、前記選択した行および列を除く前記第1および第2行列のすべての行および列から求めた重み付けされた特性の和との差を求めることを含み、
前記目標寄与は前記差である機器。
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GBGB0428191.1A GB0428191D0 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Digital signal processing methods and apparatus |
GB0428191.1 | 2004-12-23 | ||
PCT/GB2005/050219 WO2006067520A2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2005-11-30 | Digital signal processing methods and apparatus |
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EP (1) | EP1834254A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5184093B2 (ja) |
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GB (2) | GB0428191D0 (ja) |
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2004
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GB2421604B (en) | 2007-03-07 |
GB0428191D0 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
JP2008525837A (ja) | 2008-07-17 |
BRPI0516422A (pt) | 2008-09-02 |
TW200634595A (en) | 2006-10-01 |
US7953682B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
EP1834254A2 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
GB2421604A (en) | 2006-06-28 |
MY141448A (en) | 2010-04-30 |
KR101101903B1 (ko) | 2012-01-02 |
WO2006067520A3 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
WO2006067520A2 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
TWI385552B (zh) | 2013-02-11 |
KR20060073489A (ko) | 2006-06-28 |
GB0524337D0 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
CN101278282B (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
CN101278282A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
US20080291122A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
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