JP5149153B2 - 水素または合成ガスの精製方法 - Google Patents
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Description
炭素:97.3〜99.3%
水素:0.2〜0.4%
酸素:0.2〜1.2%
硫黄:0.2〜1.2%
灰:0.1〜1.0%
揮発性レベル0.6〜1.5%
Claims (59)
- 少なくとも1種のガスを生成するための方法であって、
該ガスは、少なくとも水素ガスを含み、該方法が、
(a)カーボンブラック反応装置中において、酸素および窒素を含むガス中で燃料を燃焼することによって生成された燃焼ガスの存在下で、少なくとも1種の炭化水素原料の少なくとも一部分をカーボンブラックに転化させる工程であって、
該カーボンブラックは、生成物流中に存在し、そして該生成物流は、カーボンブラック、1種または2種以上の不純物、水素ガス、およびCOガスを含み、該不純物は、H2、CO、CO2 、H2O、およびカーボンブラックでない材料であり、該燃料は、該炭化水素原料の一部分または別の燃料源である工程と、
(b)該生成物流から全てのカーボンブラックを除去する工程であって、ステップ(b)で除去された該カーボンブラックが、少なくとも構造および表面積に関して少なくともカーボンブラックのためのASTM仕様内のカーボンブラックである工程と、
該生成物流中の該COガスの少なくとも一部をCO2に転化させる工程と、
(c)該生成物流から窒素を含む不純物の少なくとも一部分を除去し、燃料または化学原料としての使用のためにステップ(c)後に該生成物流をプロセス装置に移送する工程であって、該生成物流が、1重量%以下の窒素の存在を有する工程と、
ステップ(c)後に該生成物流を回収する工程であって、該転化および該不純物の除去後の該生成物流が、該生成物流の90体積%〜99.99体積%の量で水素ガスを含む工程と、
を含んで成る、方法。 - 該生成物流中の該COガスの少なくとも一部分をCO2に転化させることをさらに含む請求項1の方法。
- 該COガスの少なくとも一部分をCO2に転化させることが、該COを含有する該生成物流と、シフト反応装置中の水または蒸気とを接触させて、該生成物流中に追加の水素ガスおよびCO2を生成することを含む請求項2の方法。
- 該CO2を除去することをさらに含む請求項2の方法。
- 該CO2を除去することが、少なくとも1台の洗浄機、または少なくとも1台の圧力スイング吸着器、または少なくとも1枚の膜、または1台もしくは2台以上の洗浄機、または1種もしくは2種以上のアクセプター材料、またはそれらいずれかの組合せを通して、CO2含有する該生成物流を処理することによって、CO2を除去することを含む請求項4の方法。
- 該水素ガスが、1台もしくは2台以上の圧力スイング吸着器、または1枚もしくは2枚以上の膜、またはそれらの組合せを通して、該水素を通過させることによって、精製される請求項3の方法。
- ステップ(a)で、該生成物流を該反応装置に再循環させることなく、該方法を行う請求項1の方法。
- 該少なくとも1種の炭化水素原料が、第1炭化水素原料および少なくとも1種の第2炭化水素原料を含み、該第2炭化水素原料が該反応装置に導入される下流で、該第1炭化水素原料の少なくとも一部分がカーボンブラックに転化される請求項1の方法。
- 該反応装置が、段階反応装置である請求項1の方法。
- 該炭化水素原料を多段階で加えることにより、該反応装置に導入することをさらに含む請求項1の方法。
- 該反応装置に導入された全ての炭素源の少なくとも20重量%が、カーボンブラックの形態で回収される請求項1の方法。
- 該反応装置中に導入された全ての炭素源の少なくとも30重量%が、カーボンブラックの形態で回収される請求項1の方法。
- 該反応装置中に導入された全ての炭素源の少なくとも50重量%が、カーボンブラックの形態で回収される請求項1の方法。
- 該反応装置中に導入された全ての炭素源の少なくとも60重量%が、カーボンブラックの形態で回収される請求項1の方法。
- 該反応装置中に導入された全ての炭素源の25%〜70重量%が、カーボンブラックの形態で回収される請求項1の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の燃料を、該転化が起こる前、または起こる時点で該反応装置に導入することをさらに含む請求項1の方法。
- 該燃料が、天然ガスを含む請求項16の方法。
- 該生成物流から不純物の少なくとも一部分を除去することが、硫黄含有種もしくは窒素含有種または両者を、除去する少なくとも1台の洗浄機に、該生成物流を通すことを含む請求項1の方法。
- 該生成物流を、硫黄含有種を除去する少なくとも1台の洗浄機に通した後で、該生成物流が、該生成物流中に100ppm以下の硫黄量を有する請求項18の方法。
- 該生成物流中の該水素ガスの体積%およびカーボンブラックの重量%が、該炭化水素原料のタイプ、燃料のタイプ、酸素の燃料に対する比、O2の炭化水素原料に対する比、供給ガスの温度、該炭化水素原料の温度、化学量論的燃焼率、該炭化水素原料中での炭素の水素に対する化学量論比、もしくは酸素、燃料、および炭化水素原料の相対的な供給速度、またはそれらの組み合わせを変化させることによって制御される請求項1の方法。
- 該COガスの少なくとも一部分の該CO2への該転化が、該不純物の少なくとも一部分を除去する該ステップの前に行われる請求項2の方法。
- 該COガスの少なくとも一部分のCO2への該転化が、該不純物の少なくとも一部分を除去するステップの間および/または後で行われる請求項2の方法。
- 該生成物流中の該COの少なくとも一部分をCO2に転化させた後に、一定量のCOガスが該生成物流中に残留し、そして該工程が、該生成物流から残りのCOガスの少なくとも一部分を除去することをさらに含む請求項2の方法。
- 該COガスの一部分の該除去が、該生成物流を少なくとも1台の圧力スイング吸着器に通すことを含む請求項22の方法。
- 少なくとも1台の圧力スイング吸着器によるCOガスの該除去が、不純物として該生成物流中に存在するメタン、窒素、またはそれらの組合せの少なくとも一部分をさらに除去する請求項23の方法。
- 除去された該COガスが、シフト反応装置を通して再循環されまたは再処理されて、該COの一部をCO2にさらに転化させる請求項22の方法。
- 該酸素が、少なくとも90重量%の純度を有する請求項1の方法。
- H2Oを除いた該不純物が、乾燥重量ベースで、1%以下の不純物含有量を有する請求項1の方法。
- H2Oを除いた該不純物が、乾燥重量ベースで、5%以下の不純物含有量を有する請求項1の方法。
- 該反応装置が、1371℃(2500°F)〜3038℃(5500°F)の燃焼温度を有する請求項1の方法。
- 該反応装置が、2204℃(4000°F)〜2760℃(5000°F)の燃焼温度を有する請求項1の方法。
- 該炭化水素原料が、該炭化水素原料の少なくとも4重量%の硫黄レベルを有する請求項1の方法。
- 該炭化水素原料が、該炭化水素原料の0.1%〜5重量%の硫黄レベルを有する請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、該方法に供給される全硫黄量に基づいて5重量%未満のガス相で硫黄種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、該方法に供給される全硫黄量に基づいて10重量%未満のガス相で硫黄種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、該方法に供給される全硫黄量に基づいて20重量%未満のガス相で硫黄種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、生成されたカーボンブラック1メトリックトン当たり0.01メトリックトン未満のガス相で窒素種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、該方法に供給される全炭素量に基づいて10重量%未満のガス相で炭素種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置中に、乾燥基準に基づいて生成物流の20重量%超のカーボンブラックを生成する請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置中に、乾燥基準に基づいて生成物流の25重量%超のカーボンブラックを生成する請求項1の方法。
- 該燃料と該酸素が、0〜2の燃料/酸素の当量比で存在する請求項16の方法。
- 該炭化水素原料中に存在する硫黄の一部分が、該カーボンブラックの生成によって除去され、そして該カーボンブラックと共に存在する請求項1の方法。
- 該炭化水素原料中に存在する金属の一部分が、該カーボンブラックの生成によって除去され、そして該カーボンブラックと共に存在する請求項1の方法。
- 該カーボンブラックの該除去が、サイクロンまたはろ過および/または該カーボンブラックを含有する該生成物流を水で洗浄すること、によって達成される請求項1の方法。
- ステップ(c)後で、燃料または化学原料として使用するために、該生成物流をプロセス装置に移すことをさらに含む請求項1の方法。
- 該プロセス装置が、精油装置を含む請求項43の方法。
- 生成物流中に存在する該カーボンブラックを生成する工程が、カーボンブラックの製造プラントで行われ、ステップ(c)の後で、該生成物流が精油装置に移される請求項43の方法。
- ステップ(b)中で除去された該カーボンブラックが、少なくとも構造および表面積に関して、少なくともカーボンブラックのためのASTM仕様内のカーボンブラックである請求項1の方法。
- 該蒸気が触媒床の存在下で導入される請求項3の方法。
- 該生成物流が、少なくともH2とCOを含み、そして該H2とCOとが、該カーボンブラックを除去する前の該生成物流の中で0.5〜2のモル比で存在する請求項1の方法。
- 該生成物流が、少なくともH2とCOを含み、そして該H2とCOとが該カーボンブラックを除去する前の該生成物流の中で、2〜3.5のモル比で存在する請求項1の方法。
- 該炭化水素原料が、0.5〜3.5の水素の炭素に対するモル比を有する請求項1の方法。
- 該転化および不純物の該除去後の該生成物流が、該生成物流中に90%〜99.99体積%の水素ガスを含む請求項2の方法。
- 回収されるCO2が、90%〜99.99%の純度レベルを有する請求項4の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、生成されたカーボンブラック1メトリックトン当たり0.1メトリックトン未満のガス相で窒素種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、生成されたカーボンブラック1メトリックトン当たり1メトリックトン未満のガス相で窒素種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置中で、乾燥基準で生成物流の30重量%超のカーボンブラックを生成する請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、該方法に供給された全炭素を基準として20重量%未満のガス相で炭素種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
- 該方法が、反応装置の場所で、大気中に、該方法に供給された全炭素を基準として30重量%未満のガス相で炭素種のガス放出を生じさせる請求項1の方法。
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CA2603545C (en) | 2014-05-27 |
BRPI0610659B1 (pt) | 2017-12-12 |
CN101193817B (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
US20060228290A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
US7666383B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 |
BRPI0610659A2 (pt) | 2010-07-13 |
MX2007012436A (es) | 2007-12-05 |
CA2603545A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
JP2008537721A (ja) | 2008-09-25 |
TW200642950A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
EG25927A (en) | 2012-10-24 |
AR055571A1 (es) | 2007-08-22 |
WO2006108124A2 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
RU2007140885A (ru) | 2009-05-20 |
CN101193817A (zh) | 2008-06-04 |
EP1874681A2 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
TWI354649B (en) | 2011-12-21 |
MY142221A (en) | 2010-11-15 |
RU2393107C2 (ru) | 2010-06-27 |
WO2006108124A3 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
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