JP5134531B2 - ソリッドステート電源を製造する方法 - Google Patents
ソリッドステート電源を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5134531B2 JP5134531B2 JP2008507587A JP2008507587A JP5134531B2 JP 5134531 B2 JP5134531 B2 JP 5134531B2 JP 2008507587 A JP2008507587 A JP 2008507587A JP 2008507587 A JP2008507587 A JP 2008507587A JP 5134531 B2 JP5134531 B2 JP 5134531B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005619 thermoelectricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 alloys based on them Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910008449 SnF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004573 CdF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005269 GaF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017768 LaF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004529 TaF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001618 alkaline earth metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006115 defluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002226 superionic conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0407—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on an electrolyte layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/38—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
- H01M2300/006—Hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
・ 以下の順序の電流コレクタ、固体アノード、固体電解質、固体カソードおよびもう1つの電流コレクタの間の接続を保証する。ここで、カソードおよびアノードの両方において可逆的固相フッ素化/脱フッ素化プロセスが進行し、かつ電解質は、固体状態において、低い電子伝導性とともに高いフッ化物イオン伝導性を有する。
・ ベーキングおよび熱電作用を用いて、電流コレクタ、アノード、電解質、カソードおよび電流コレクタをベーキングする。
La、Ceのフッ化物、またはそれらをベースとし、アルカリ土類金属の1つまたは複数のフッ化物(CaF2、SrF2、BaF2)、アルカリ金属フッ化物(LiF、KF,NaF)および/またはアルカリ金属塩化物(LiCl、KCl、NaCl)のような合金化添加物との複合フッ化物;
または、アルカリ土類金属フッ化物(CaF2、SrF2、BaF2)をベースとし、希土類金属フッ化物および/またはアルカリ金属フッ化物(LiF,KF、NaF)および/またはアルカリ金属塩化物(LiCl、KCl、NaCl)の合金化添加物との複合フッ化物;
または、PbF2をベースとし、KF添加剤とともにSrF2またはBaF2またはCaF2またはSnF2を含有する複合フッ化物;
または、BiF3をベースとし、KF添加剤とともにSrF2またはBaF2またはCaF2またはSnF2を含有する複合フッ化物
のいずれかから作製することができる。
1. 固体電解質の両面に異なる極性(アノードおよびカソード)を有する電極ペーストを塗布することは、通常はアノード材料の高い化学的活性のために、高品質の電流源の製造を可能にしない。これは、電極の化学組成の変化をもたらし、それは続いて、電流源の製造の低い品質および特性の低下をもたらす。特に、高温におけるベーキング中に電流源の内部抵抗の増加をもたらす。
2. 電極材料の汚染を防止するための酸素、窒素および水分の含有量に関する厳密な要件を満たす不活性雰囲気で実施しなければならないという、電池ベーキングに対する特別の要件のために、その方法は十分に複雑である。
3. 直流電流による電池の熱電処理は、電極材料の化学組成の変化を伴う電極材料および電解質の焼結をもたらす。結果として、電池の品質は低下し、内部抵抗は上昇する。
1. ベーキング中のアノードおよびカソードの化学的性質の維持。
2. 熱電処理中のアノードおよびカソードの化学的性質の維持。
3. アノード/電解質界面およびカソード/電解質界面に加えて、アノード材料、カソード材料および電解質材料の焼結を改善することによる電池内部抵抗の減少
1. 完全に放電した電流源のアノード材料およびカソード材料に相当する、低い化学的活性を有する材料の形態でアノード電極およびカソード電極を電解質の両面に付着する際に、ベーキング中のアノード材料およびカソード材料の化学組成の維持が保証される。これは、結果として製造品質の向上を保証し、電流源の内部抵抗の増大をもたらさない。
2. 交流電流を用いる熱電処理の実施の際に、アノード電極およびカソード電極の化学組成は変化しない。アノード材料、カソード材料および電解質材料のベーキングの際に品質が改善され、かつソリッドステート電流源のアノード/電解質界面およびカソード/電解質界面においても、品質が改善される。電流を交番させる際に、電流源内の最も高い抵抗を有する局所部分において、交互に発生する温度上昇が観察される。これは、これら区域における強い焼結および抵抗の低下をもたらし、最終的に電流源全体としての抵抗を低下させるのに重要である。これらの区域を反復して加熱することは、ベーキング中に発生し、ベーキング中の製造品質を向上させる機械的緩和プロセスの流れについても重要である。
Claims (4)
- 固体電解質の両面にアノード材料およびカソード材料を付着させる工程と、
ベーキング、およびこのベーキングと同時にまたは追加的に実施される、電解質の分解電圧未満の電極の分極を伴う電流の通過による熱電作用を行う工程と
を用いる二次ソリッドステート電流源を製造する方法であって、
前記各工程を通じて、前記アノード材料および前記カソード材料は、完全に放電した電流源の前記アノード材料および前記カソード材料の組成と同一の組成を有すること、および
前記熱電作用は、交流電流を用いて実施されること
を特徴とする二次ソリッドステート電流源を製造する方法。 - 前記熱電作用は、異なる極性を有する交番電流によって実施されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱電作用は、正弦波交流電流によって実施されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記熱電作用は、産業用周波数帯の正弦波交流電流によって実施されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
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RU2005111721 | 2005-04-21 | ||
RU2005111721/09A RU2295177C2 (ru) | 2005-04-21 | 2005-04-21 | Способ изготовления вторичного твердотельного источника тока |
PCT/RU2006/000197 WO2006112757A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2006-04-19 | Method for producing a solid-state power supply |
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JP2008538649A JP2008538649A (ja) | 2008-10-30 |
JP5134531B2 true JP5134531B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
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US (1) | US7806942B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1873851B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5134531B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101238603B (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2295177C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006112757A1 (ja) |
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RU2295177C2 (ru) * | 2005-04-21 | 2007-03-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Высокоэнергетические батарейные системы" (ООО "ВЭБС") | Способ изготовления вторичного твердотельного источника тока |
US8377586B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2013-02-19 | California Institute Of Technology | Fluoride ion electrochemical cell |
JP5615497B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-03 | 2014-10-29 | カリフォルニア・インスティテュート・オブ・テクノロジーCalifornia Institute Oftechnology | フッ化物イオン電気化学セル |
CN101467287B (zh) * | 2006-03-03 | 2012-09-05 | 加州理工学院 | 氟离子电化学电池 |
EP2104165A1 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-09-23 | The Technical University of Denmark | An all ceramics solid oxide fuel cell |
CN102754257B (zh) * | 2009-11-09 | 2016-06-01 | 拉特格斯,新泽西州立大学 | 用于自形成电池的金属氟化物组合物 |
JP6071225B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2017-02-01 | 日立造船株式会社 | 全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
JP6092567B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-31 | 2017-03-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 硫化物系固体電池用正極用スラリー、硫化物系固体電池用正極及びその製造方法、並びに、硫化物系固体電池及びその製造方法 |
US9692039B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2017-06-27 | Quantumscape Corporation | Nanostructured materials for electrochemical conversion reactions |
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JP6693473B2 (ja) | 2017-05-23 | 2020-05-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | フッ化物イオン電池 |
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RU2313158C2 (ru) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-12-20 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Высокоэнергетические Батарейные Системы" | Твердотельный химический источник тока и способ повышения разрядной мощности |
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WO2006112757A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
CN101238603B (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
JP2008538649A (ja) | 2008-10-30 |
CN101238603A (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
US7806942B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
EP1873851A4 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
RU2295177C2 (ru) | 2007-03-10 |
EP1873851B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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