JP5120596B2 - 非水電解液、電気化学デバイスおよび非水二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液、電気化学デバイスおよび非水二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5120596B2 JP5120596B2 JP2006316153A JP2006316153A JP5120596B2 JP 5120596 B2 JP5120596 B2 JP 5120596B2 JP 2006316153 A JP2006316153 A JP 2006316153A JP 2006316153 A JP2006316153 A JP 2006316153A JP 5120596 B2 JP5120596 B2 JP 5120596B2
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- alkyl group
- halogen
- lithium
- halogenated alkyl
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 77
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 71
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 61
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006551 perfluoro alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 62
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- UWCUSUZNGKWSSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoropropanedioic acid oxalic acid Chemical compound C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.FC(C(=O)O)(C(=O)O)F UWCUSUZNGKWSSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycolate Chemical compound OCC([O-])=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 65
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 59
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 36
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 23
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 19
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 17
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- WAWBMJIRULKJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylazanium borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WAWBMJIRULKJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- REJWLNLGEIVYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 2-ethyl-1-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-].CCC1=NC=C[NH+]1C.CCC1=NC=C[NH+]1C.CCC1=NC=C[NH+]1C REJWLNLGEIVYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 14
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- TURNUGGYWFMARH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium;borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC.CC[N+](C)(CC)CC.CC[N+](C)(CC)CC TURNUGGYWFMARH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910019060 CoSnC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- UHTJDFSXFDAGNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.FC(C(CC(=O)O)C(F)(F)F)(F)F Chemical compound C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.FC(C(CC(=O)O)C(F)(F)F)(F)F UHTJDFSXFDAGNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001897 boron-11 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000806 fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- LIHVFFFGWFBSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoropropanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(O)=O LIHVFFFGWFBSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XGDUYXMEBXJDGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.FC(C(CC(=O)O)C)(F)F Chemical compound C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.FC(C(CC(=O)O)C)(F)F XGDUYXMEBXJDGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UYJPMQSWYMMOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CCC(F)(F)F UYJPMQSWYMMOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 6-[(5S)-5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C[C@H]1CN(C(O1)=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011808 electrode reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCC1=[NH+]C=CN1C UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- TXQPIYKVIOKFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5,5-tetrachloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1(Cl)OC(=O)OC1(Cl)Cl TXQPIYKVIOKFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- PLNBOWWXJPZKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])(O)O.[Li+].C(CCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCC(=O)O)(=O)O Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.[Li+].C(CCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCC(=O)O)(=O)O PLNBOWWXJPZKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEAPKZHDYMQZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxamide Chemical compound C1CN(CCN1CCNC(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)NC(=O)O3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NC5CC6=CC=CC=C6C5 NEAPKZHDYMQZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWLUHZZLOQOXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-O boric acid 2-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-ium Chemical compound C(C)C=1[NH+](C=CN1)C.B(O)(O)O TWLUHZZLOQOXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QVXQYMZVJNYDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methylsulfonyl-trifluoromethane Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[C-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QVXQYMZVJNYDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTARXWGVBSGUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;dihydrogen borate;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound [Li+].OB(O)[O-].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O DTARXWGVBSGUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQQCMCDVLAZJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Li].CS(O)(=O)=O JQQCMCDVLAZJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCKZHFSVCRZQGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylmethane;phosphoric acid Chemical compound CS(C)=O.OP(O)(O)=O NCKZHFSVCRZQGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005151 nonafluorobutanesulfonyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(S(=O)(=O)*)(F)F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)F 0.000 description 1
- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950003332 perflubutane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKEWSXXUOLRFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimavanserin Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC(C)C)=CC=C1CNC(=O)N(C1CCN(C)CC1)CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 RKEWSXXUOLRFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium disulfide Chemical compound S=[Ti]=S CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
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- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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Description
図1は、イオン性化合物を電解質塩として用いた第1の電池の断面構成を表している。この電池は、負極の容量が電極反応物質であるリチウムの吸蔵および放出に基づく容量成分により表されるリチウムイオン二次電池である。図1では、いわゆる円筒型と呼ばれる電池構造を示している。
第2の電池は、負極22の構成が異なる点を除き、第1の電池と同様の構成、作用および効果を有しており、同様の手順により製造される。
第3の電池は、負極22の容量がリチウムの析出および溶解に基づく容量成分により表されるリチウム金属二次電池である。この二次電池は、負極活物質層22Bがリチウム金属により構成されている点を除き、第1の電池と同様の構成を有していると共に同様の手順により製造される。
図3は、第4の電池の分解斜視構成を表している。この電池は、正極リード31および負極リード32が取り付けられた巻回電極体30をフィルム状の外装部材40の内部に収容したものであり、この電池構造はいわゆるラミネート型と呼ばれている。
炭酸エチレン(EC)とDMCとを30:70の体積比で混合したのち、それに電解質塩を溶解させた。この電解質塩としては、化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(実験例1−1)、化6(3)に示した[ビス(3,3,3−トリフルオロメチル)グリコラトオキサラト]ホウ酸リチウム(実験例1−2)、化6(4)に示した(2−トリフルオロメチルプロピオナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(実験例1−3)、化6(5)に示した(3,3,3−トリフルオロメチルプロピオナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(実験例1−4)、化7(4)に示した(4,4,4−トリフルオロ−3−トリフルオロメチルブチル酸オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(実験例1−5)および化7(5)に示した(パーフルオロピナコラトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(実験例1−6)を用いた。
ECとDMCとの混合比(体積比)を50:50に変更したと共に、電解質塩の濃度を1mol/dm3 に設定したことを除き、実験例1−1〜1−4と同様の手順を経た。
電解質塩として、化14に示したビス(オキソラト)ホウ酸リチウム(比較例1−1)および化15に示した(マロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(比較例1−2)を用いたことを除き、実験例1−1〜1−4と同様の手順を経た。
ECとDMCとの混合比(体積比)を50:50に変更したと共に、電解質塩の濃度を0.6mol/dm3 に設定したことを除き、比較例1−1と同様の手順を経た。
(実験例3−1)
まず、負極22を作製した。すなわち、フィラーとなる石炭コークス100質量部にバインダーとなる石油系ピッチ50質量部を加え、100℃で混合したのち、プレスして圧縮成型することにより、炭素成型体の前駆体を得た。続いて、前駆体を1000℃以下で熱処理することにより、炭素成型体を得た。続いて、200℃以下で溶融させたバインダーピッチを炭素成型体に含浸させたのちに1000℃で熱処理する工程(ピッチ含浸/焼成工程)を数回繰り返した。続いて、炭素成型体を不活性雰囲気中において最高3000℃で熱処理することにより、黒鉛化成型体を得た。続いて、黒鉛化成型体を粉砕することにより、粉末状の負極活物質とした。
電解液として、実験例2−1の電解液に代えて、実験例2−2〜2−4の電解液を用いた点を除き、実験例3−1と同様の手順を経た。
電解質塩として、さらに六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6 )を加え、化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムおよび六フッ化リン酸リチウムの濃度をそれぞれ0.2mol/dm3 および0.8mol/dm3 としたことを除き、実験例3−1と同様の手順を経た。
電解質塩として、さらに六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6 )を加え、化6(3)に示した[ビス(3,3,3−トリフルオロメチル)グリコラトオキサラト]ホウ酸リチウムおよび六フッ化リン酸リチウムの濃度をそれぞれ0.2mol/dm3 および0.8mol/dm3 としたことを除き、実験例3−1と同様の手順を経た。
電解質塩として、さらに六フッ化リン酸リチウムおよびビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム(LiTFSI)を加え、化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム、六フッ化リン酸リチウムおよびビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウムの濃度をそれぞれ0.1mol/dm3 、0.8mol/dm3 および0.1mol/dm3 としたことを除き、実験例3−1と同様の手順を経た。
溶媒として、DMCに代えてEMCを用いたこと点を除き、実験例3−5と同様の手順を経た。
溶媒として、DMCに代えて炭酸ジエチル(DEC)を用いたことを除き、実験例3−5と同様の手順を経た。
溶媒として、さらに、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルである炭酸ビニレン(VC)を加えたことを除き、実験例3−5と同様の手順を経た。この際、VCの含有量を2重量%に設定した。この「重量%」とは、溶媒(VCを除く)と電解質塩とを合わせて100重量%とする場合の値であり、「重量%」が意味するところは以降においても同様である。
溶媒として、VCに代えて、ハロゲンを構成元素として有する環状炭酸エステルである4−フルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オン(FEC)を用いたことを除き、実験例3−10と同様の手順を経た。
溶媒として、VCに代えて、ハロゲンを構成元素として有する環状炭酸エステルである4,5−ジフルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オン(DFEC)を用いた点を除き、実験例3−10と同様の手順を経た。
電解質塩として、化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムに代えて、六フッ化リン酸リチウムを用いたことを除き、実験例3−1と同様の手順を経た。
電解質塩として、化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムに代えて、化14に示したビス(オキソラト)ホウ酸リチウムを用いたことを除き、実験例3−1と同様の手順を経た。その際、ビス(オキソラト)ホウ酸リチウムの溶解度の上限(0.6mol/dm3 )となるように電解質塩の濃度を設定した。
電解質塩として、化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムに代えて、化15に示した(マロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムを用いたことを除き、実験例3−1と同様の手順を経た。その際、(マロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムの溶解度の上限(0.05mol/dm3 )となるように電解質塩の濃度を設定した。
負極活物質としてリチウム金属を用いて、図1および図2に示した円筒型の二次電池を製造した。この二次電池は、負極22の容量がリチウムの析出および溶解に基づく容量成分により表されるリチウム金属二次電池である。
負極集電体22Aの両面に、負極合剤スラリーを塗布する代わりにリチウム金属(厚さ30μm)を貼り付けることにより負極活物質層22Bを形成したことを除き、実験例3−1〜3−4と同様の手順を経た。
化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムおよび六フッ化リン酸リチウムの濃度をそれぞれ0.5mol/dm3 および0.5mol/dm3 にしたことを除き、実験例3−5と同様の手順を経た。
化6(3)に示した[ビス(3,3,3−トリフルオロメチル)グリコラトオキサラト]ホウ酸リチウムおよび六フッ化リン酸リチウムの濃度をそれぞれ0.5mol/dm3 および0.5mol/dm3 にしたことを除き、実験例3−6と同様の手順を経た。
化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム、六フッ化リン酸リチウムおよびビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウムの濃度をそれぞれ0.4mol/dm3 、0.5mol/dm3 および0.1mol/dm3 としたことを除き、実験例3−7と同様の手順を経た。
化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムおよび六フッ化リン酸リチウムの濃度をそれぞれ0.5mol/dm3 および0.5mol/dm3 にしたことを除き、実験例3−10〜3−12と同様の手順を経た。
負極活物質として、黒鉛に代えてリチウム金属を用いたことを除き、比較例3−1,3−2と同様の手順を経た。
負極活物質としてケイ素を用いて、図1および図2に示した円筒型の二次電池を製造した。この際、負極22の容量がリチウムの吸蔵および放出に基づく容量成分により表されるリチウムイオン二次電池となるようにした。
負極集電体22Aの両面に、電子ビーム蒸着法によりケイ素からなる負極活物質層22Bを形成したことを除き、実験例3−1〜3−6と同様の手順を経た。
実験例5−1〜5−6と同様の手順により負極活物質層22Bを形成したと共に、化6(1)に示した(2,2−ジフルオロマロナトオキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム、六フッ化リン酸リチウムおよびビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウムの濃度をそれぞれ0.2mol/dm3 、0.7mol/dm3 および0.1mol/dm3 としたことを除き、実験例3−7と同様の手順を経た。
実験例5−1〜5−6と同様の手順により負極活物質層22Bを形成したことを除き、実験例3−10〜3−12と同様の手順を経た。
実験例5−1〜5−6と同様の手順により負極活物質層22Bを形成したことを除き、比較例3−1,3−2と同様の手順を経た。
Claims (19)
- 非水溶媒と、電解質塩とを含み、
前記電解質塩は、化1で表される構造を有するイオン性化合物を含み、
前記非水溶媒は、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルを含む、
非水電解液。
- 前記不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルは、炭酸ビニレンおよび炭酸ビニルエチレンのうちの少なくとも一方である、
請求項1記載の非水電解液。 - 前記非水溶媒は、化4で表されるハロゲンを構成元素として有する鎖状炭酸エステルおよび化5で表されるハロゲンを構成元素として有する環状炭酸エステルのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項1記載の非水電解液。
- 前記ハロゲンを構成元素として有する環状炭酸エステルは、4−フルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンおよび4,5−ジフルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項4記載の非水電解液。 - 非水電解液を備え、
前記非水電解液は、非水溶媒と、電解質塩とを含み、
前記電解質塩は、化9で表される構造を有するイオン性化合物を含み、
前記非水溶媒は、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルを含む、
電気化学デバイス。
- 前記不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルは、炭酸ビニレンおよび炭酸ビニルエチレンのうちの少なくとも一方である、
請求項7記載の電気化学デバイス。 - 前記非水溶媒は、化12で表されるハロゲンを構成元素として有する鎖状炭酸エステルおよび化13で表されるハロゲンを構成元素として有する環状炭酸エステルのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項7記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記ハロゲンを構成元素として有する環状炭酸エステルは、4−フルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンおよび4,5−ジフルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項10記載の電気化学デバイス。 - 正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記電解液は、非水溶媒と、電解質塩とを含み、
前記電解質塩は、化17で表される構造を有するイオン性化合物を含み、
前記非水溶媒は、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルを含む、
非水二次電池。
- 前記不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルは、炭酸ビニレンおよび炭酸ビニルエチレンのうちの少なくとも一方である、
請求項13記載の非水二次電池。 - 前記非水溶媒は、化20で表されるハロゲンを構成元素として有する鎖状炭酸エステルおよび化21で表されるハロゲンを構成元素として有する環状炭酸エステルのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項13記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記ハロゲンを構成元素として有する環状炭酸エステルは、4−フルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンおよび4,5−ジフルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンのうちの少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項16記載の非水二次電池。 - リチウムイオン二次電池である、
請求項13記載の非水二次電池。
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