JP5024291B2 - 蛍光半導体微粒子、その製造方法、それを用いた生体物質蛍光標識剤及びそれを用いたバイオイメージング法 - Google Patents
蛍光半導体微粒子、その製造方法、それを用いた生体物質蛍光標識剤及びそれを用いたバイオイメージング法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54346—Nanoparticles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6489—Photoluminescence of semiconductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
- G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
- G01N33/533—Production of labelled immunochemicals with fluorescent label
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/588—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with semiconductor nanocrystal label, e.g. quantum dots
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
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Description
本発明の蛍光半導体微粒子は半導体微粒子からなるコア粒子と該コア粒子を被覆するシェル層とで構成されるコア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子であって、該コア粒子とシェル層の化学組成が相異し、該コア粒子の平均粒径が1〜15nmであり、比重が1.0〜3.0であり、かつ該コア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子の比重が0.8〜3.2であることを特徴とする。また、前記シェル層の比重が、前記コア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子の比重が0.8〜3.2になるように、コア粒子とシェル層の体積比により調整されることを特徴とする。
本発明に係るコア粒子は、本発明のコア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子のコア部分を形成する構成要素であるが、上記比重の条件を満たすことができる半導体材料により構成されることを要する。なお、必要があればGaなどのドープ材料を極微量含んでもよい。
本発明に係るシェル層は、本発明の蛍光半導体微粒子において、上記コア粒子を被覆する層であり、コア/シェル構造を形成するための構成層であるが、上記比重の条件を満たすことができる半導体材料により構成されることを要する。
本発明の蛍光半導体微粒子の製造については、従来公知の種々の方法を用いることができる。
本発明の蛍光半導体微粒子を生体適用の標識剤とするためには、当該蛍光半導体微粒子の表面を表面修飾化合物を用いて修飾することを要する。
本発明の蛍光半導体微粒子は、以下に説明する事由に基づき、生体物質蛍光標識剤に適応することができる。また、標的(追跡)物質を有する生細胞もしくは生体に本発明に係る生体物質蛍光標識剤を添加することで、標的物質と結合もしくは吸着し、該結合体もしくは吸着体に所定の波長の励起光を照射し、当該励起光に応じて蛍光半導体微粒子から発生する所定の波長の蛍光を検出することにより、上記標的(追跡)物質の蛍光動態イメージングを行うことができる。すなわち、本発明に係る生体物質蛍光標識剤は、バイオイメージング法(生体物質を構成する生体分子やその動的現象を可視化する技術手段)に利用することができる。
(Siコア粒子及びSi/SIO2・コア/シェル粒子の調製)
〈HFエッチング法〉
熱処理したSiOx(x−1.999)のフッ酸中溶解によりSiの蛍光半導体微粒子(以下において「Si半導体微粒子」又は「Siコア粒子」ともいう。)を製造する場合、先ず、プラズマCVDによりシリコンウエハー上に成膜したSiOx(x−1.999)を不活性ガス雰囲気中で1100℃、1時間程度アニールを行う。これにより、SiO2膜中にSi半導体微粒子(結晶)が析出する。
また、p型シリコンウエハーの陽極化成によりSi半導体微粒子を製造する場合、先ず、フッ酸(46%)、メタノール(100%)及び過酸化水素水(30%)を1:2:2の割合で混合した溶液中で、p型シリコンウエハー及び白金を対向電極として320mA/cm2で約1時間通電し、Si半導体微粒子(結晶)を析出さシェル。このようにして得られたSi半導体微粒子の表面を酸素雰囲気中で自然酸化し、又は加熱して熱酸化し、Si結晶からなるコアの周囲にSiO2からなるシェル層を形成する。
上記で得られたSiコア粒子をピリジン中に分散させ100℃に保温。別途、Zn(C2H5)2と((CH3)3Si)2S、P(C4H9)3をアルゴンガス雰囲気下、超音波をかけながらpHを制御しながらゆっくり混合した。
酢酸カドミウム0.14gとトリオクチルフォスフィンオキシド(TOPO)5.0gをナスフラスコに入れ、アルゴンで系内を満たした後、所定の温度(150〜250℃)まで加熱した。この溶液に、25mg/cm3の濃度となるようにセレンを溶解させたトリn−オクチルフォスフィン溶液1.44cm3を、激しく撹拌しながら素早く注入し、さらに1時間撹拌することによりTOPO安定化CdSe(以下、「TOPO/CdSe」と呼ぶ。)を得た。200℃及び150℃でTOPO/CdSeを合成した場合、CdSe半導体微粒子の吸収スペクトルの立ち上がり波長は、それぞれ、650nmと610nmであり、その平均粒径は、それぞれ5.5nmと4.5nmであった。このTOPO/CdSe粉末を用いて、3−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシランでCdSe半導体微粒子表面を修飾しさらに加水分解することにより粒子表面にシリカ薄膜を形成させCdSe・コア/シリカ・シェル構造体(以下、「CdSe/SiO2」と呼ぶ。)を得た。
酢酸カドミウム0.14gとトリオクチルフォスフィンオキシド(TOPO)5.0gをナスフラスコに入れ、アルゴンで系内を満たした後、所定の温度(150〜250℃)まで加熱した。この溶液に、25mg/cm3の濃度となるようにセレンを溶解させたトリn−オクチルフォスフィン溶液1.44cm3を、激しく撹拌しながら素早く注入し、さらに1時間撹拌することによりTOPO安定化CdSe(以下、「TOPO/CdSe」と呼ぶ。)を得た。
上記蛍光半導体微粒子により生体物質を標識する場合、当該粒子と生体物質のどちらかもしくは双方に、互いに結合する官能基等を導入する必要があるが、下記のように行った。
メルカプト基(SH基)同士の結合を利用して蛍光半導体微粒子にカルボキシル基を導入する。
上記で得たSi/ZnS・コア/シェル粒子をバッファ塩溶液に分散して、11−メルカプトウンデカン酸を適量加えて適温で2時間攪拌し、粒子表面にメルカプト基を結合させた。これにより表面にカルボキシル基が導入される。これを標識Bとする。
標識Aと同様な方法で11−メルカプトウンデカン酸を表面に結合し、カルボキシル基を導入した。標識Cとする。
標識Bと同様な方法で11−メルカプトウンデカン酸を表面に結合し、カルボキシル基を導入した。標識Dとする。
各標識について405nmの光を励起光とし、蛍光スペクトロメーターFP−6500(日本分光)にて蛍光強度を評価した。標識Aを基準100として相対値で表し、表1に示した。
上記で得た標識を事前に羊血清アルブミン(SSA)と等濃度で混和し、個別にVero細胞へ取り込ませた。37℃2時間培養した後、トリプシン処理して5%FBS加DMEM再浮遊させ、同一ガラスボトムディッシュに播種した。37℃で一晩培養した細胞は4%ホルマリンで固定しDAPIで核を染色して、共焦点レーザースキャン顕微鏡(励起405nm)で蛍光観察を行った。
実施例1で調製したコア/シェル粒子を用いてアビジン修飾を行った。
3−メルカプト1−アミノプロパンを用いてメルカプト基で粒子に結合さえて表面にアミノ基を導入した後、上記標識A−2と同様に行い、アビジン結合標識B−2を得た。
上記標識A−2と同様にしてアビジン結合標識C−2を得た。
上記標識B−2と同様にしてアビジン結合標識D−2を得た。
核膜孔輸送を担うGTP分解酵素Panを上記各標識で染色を試みた。GTP分解酵素Panと標識とを混和しVero細胞に取り込ませた。37℃2時間培養した後共焦点レーザースキャン顕微鏡(励起405nm)で蛍光観察を行った。核の染色の状態を評価し表2に記した。観察された蛍光強度が高く、面積が大きければ標識コンジュゲートの移動効率は高く、本発明標識の特長を表すものである。染色がほとんど観察されない場合は比重が高すぎるために沈降・沈降するなどの理由で移動できなかったことが示す。
Claims (9)
- 半導体微粒子からなるコア粒子と該コア粒子を被覆するシェル層とで構成されるコア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子であって、該コア粒子とシェル層の化学組成が相異し、該コア粒子の平均粒径が1〜15nmであり、比重が1.0〜3.0であり、かつ該コア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子の比重が0.8〜3.2であることを特徴とする蛍光半導体微粒子。
- 前記シェル層の比重が、前記コア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子の比重が0.8〜3.2になるように、コア粒子とシェル層の体積比により調整されることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の蛍光半導体微粒子。
- 請求の範囲第1項又は第2項に記載の蛍光半導体微粒子であって、前記コア粒子の平均粒径が1〜10nmであり、かつコア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子の平均粒径が3〜15nmであることを特徴とする蛍光半導体微粒子。
- 請求の範囲第1項乃至第3項のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光半導体微粒子であって、前記コア粒子の平均粒径が1〜5nmであり、かつコア/シェル構造を有する蛍光半導体微粒子の平均粒径が3〜10nmであることを特徴とする蛍光半導体微粒子。
- 請求の範囲第1項乃至第4項のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光半導体微粒子の製造方法であって、液相法によりコア粒子又はシェル層を形成することを特徴とする蛍光半導体微粒子の製造方法。
- 請求の範囲第1項乃至第4項のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光半導体微粒子の表面上に生体物質に結合する官能基と該蛍光半導体微粒子の表面に結合する官能基をもつ表面修飾化合物を有することを特徴とする生体物質蛍光標識剤。
- 請求の範囲第6項に記載の生体物質蛍光標識剤であって、その平均粒径が1〜20nmであることを特徴とする生体物質蛍光標識剤。
- 請求の範囲第6項又は第7項に記載の生体物質蛍光標識剤であって、その平均粒径が1〜10nmであることを特徴とする生体物質蛍光標識剤。
- 請求の範囲第6項乃至第8項のいずれか一項に記載の生体物質蛍光標識剤を用いて蛍光動態イメージングを行うことを特徴とするバイオイメージング法。
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- 2007-08-22 EP EP07792855A patent/EP2063268A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-22 JP JP2008534278A patent/JP5024291B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-08-22 US US12/440,991 patent/US20090280520A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2008032535A1 (fr) | 2008-03-20 |
JPWO2008032535A1 (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
EP2063268A4 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
EP2063268A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
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