JP4996243B2 - モリブデンを含むオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 - Google Patents
モリブデンを含むオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4996243B2 JP4996243B2 JP2006503284A JP2006503284A JP4996243B2 JP 4996243 B2 JP4996243 B2 JP 4996243B2 JP 2006503284 A JP2006503284 A JP 2006503284A JP 2006503284 A JP2006503284 A JP 2006503284A JP 4996243 B2 JP4996243 B2 JP 4996243B2
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- niobium
- stainless steel
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- corrosion
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 40
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(N)C([O-])=O QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 100
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 100
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 84
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 84
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 68
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 65
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 32
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 halide salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
- F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
- F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N13/1816—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0014—Devices wherein the heating current flows through particular resistances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/16—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
- F01N2530/02—Corrosion resistive metals
- F01N2530/04—Steel alloys, e.g. stainless steel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Description
本発明はまた、重量で、19〜23%のクロム、30〜35%のニッケル、1〜6%のモリブデン、0〜0.1%の炭素、0〜1.5%のマンガン、0〜0.05%のリン、0〜0.02%の硫黄、0.8%未満のケイ素、0.15〜0.6%のチタン、0.15〜0.6%のアルミニウム、0〜0.75%の銅、鉄、及び付随的な不純物から本質的になるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を提供する。
参考例のステンレス鋼の特定の具体例を製造し、高温腐食性環境における腐食に対する耐性を評価した。重量で、19〜23%のクロム及び30〜35%のニッケルを含む目標組成物を用いて、2種のヒートを溶解した。第1の合金は目標モリブデン濃度2%を有し、第2の合金は目標モリブデン濃度4%を有した。参考例のヒートの実際の組成を表1に試料1及び試料2として示す。試料1は1.81%のモリブデンを含み、試料2は3.54%のモリブデンを含んだ。合金試料1及び2を、従来の方法、具体的には、目標仕様に近い濃度の合金成分を真空溶解することによって作製した。次に、形成されたインゴットを粉砕し、約2000°F(1093℃)で厚さ約0.1インチ×幅7インチに熱間圧延した。得られた板材をグリットブラストし、酸中でスケール除去した。次いで、板を厚さ0.008インチに冷間圧延し、不活性ガス中で焼なましした。得られた板を、平らな切り取り試片(flat coupon)試料及び溶接された涙滴(welded teardrop)試料へと成形した。
平らな切り取り試片の試験を使用して性能の最初の測定を提供し、次に溶接された涙滴の試験を実施して平らな切り取り試片の試験を裏付け、試験結果を発展させた。
増大した塩濃度及び上昇した温度が合金の耐食性に及ぼす影響を決定するために、4種の試験材料の平らな切り取り試片試料(表1に列記する試料2〜5)について試験を行った。表1に列記する試料2〜5の各組成の切り取り試片を、塩が加えられていない被膜並びに0.05mg/cm2及び0.10mg/cm2の塩被膜を用いて試験した。切り取り試片を、2つの温度、1200°F(649℃)及び1500°F(816℃)で試験した。塩を被覆する前に試料を秤量して、初期重量を決定し、次に各試験につき適切な量の塩で被覆し、熱塩酸化腐食に対する各合金の耐性を決定するために1200°F(649℃)の環境中に置いた。高温に72時間さらした後に、試料をオーブンから除去し、室温に冷却した。試料表面に残存している塩を除去し、試料を秤量して、試料の最終重量を決定した。
溶接された涙滴の試験は、平らな切り取り試片の試験と一致した。溶接された涙滴の試験の結果を重量変化のパーセントで報告する。切り取り試片を最初に、及び200時間を超える長期間の試験の間中定期的に秤量した。図3及び図4は、公称0.10mg/cm2の塩層で被覆され、それぞれ1200°F(649℃)及び1500°F(816℃)にさらされた参考例の合金(試料2)及び従来技術の合金の、溶接された涙滴試料の熱塩腐食試験の結果を比較する重量変化のデータのグラフである。両方の図に基づいて、T316Tiは再度、非常に不満足に機能したことが容易に認識でき、高温腐食性環境に関して許容不可能な合金であることが分かる。全ての他の試験された試料は、図3及び図4の両方に示すように、性能が実質的に同等だった。参考例の試験された合金である試料2は、こうした条件下で腐食に対する最大の耐性を示し、重量損失は1%未満であり、試験の最初の約30時間の後にさらなる重量変化を生じなかった。これは、1500°F(816℃)での試験期間にわたって初期重量の約3%が失われたより高性能の従来技術の合金AL625である試料5の性能にひけをとらない。参考例の試験された合金は、他の試験された合金と比較して熱塩酸化に対しより良好な耐性を示した。
高温にさらされた場合に、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は鋭敏化(sensitization)を受けることができる。当分野において周知のように、鋭敏化(感受性化とも言う)は、鋼がほぼ800〜1500°F(427〜816℃)の範囲内の温度にさらされた場合の、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼における炭化クロムの粒間析出である。鋭敏化の結果は、影響された結晶粒の領域はクロム含量が枯渇し、水性塩化物の存在下で粒界腐食されやすさが助長されるというものである。本発明の範囲内の合金の鋭敏化されやすさを調査するために、本願発明者は、表3に示す化学組成を有する5種の50 lb.VIMヒートを作製し、試験した。表3は、ヒートをヒート6〜10として識別し、これによって、これらを上記の参考例1における試料1〜5と区別する。これらのヒートにおいては、炭化物形成元素であるチタン及びニオブの添加量を変化させた。ヒート6を、ゼロチタン及びゼロニオブを目標に配合して、残留分レベルの0.002%のチタン及び0.003%のニオブを含むことが見い出された。ヒート7を、0.3%のチタン及びゼロニオブを目標にチタン安定化ヒートとして配合して、0.320%のチタン及び0.003%のニオブを含むことが見い出された。従って、ヒート7は、上記の参考例1における試料2と組成が同様である合金を表した。ヒート8〜10は、様々なレベルのニオブを添加して、ゼロチタンを目標に配合して、0.24〜0.46%のニオブ及び付随レベルの0.002%のチタンを含むことが見い出された。従って、チタン及びニオブの両方を実質的に含まないヒート6、並びにチタン安定化されてニオブを実質的に含まないヒート7の鋭敏化されやすさを、かなりのニオブを含み、チタンを実質的に含まないヒート8〜10の鋭敏化されやすさと比較した。
“ディッチ”−粒界が強くエッチングされ、鋭敏化を明らかにする、
“混合”−ある量のステップ及びディッチ構造の両方が存在する。
Claims (6)
- オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を含む製造物品であって、前記オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は、質量で、
19%〜23%のクロム、
30%〜35%のニッケル、
1%〜6%のモリブデン、
0〜0.03%のチタン、
0.15%〜0.6%のアルミニウム、
0.1%以下の炭素、
1%〜1.5%のマンガン、
0〜0.8%未満のケイ素、
0.24%〜0.6%のニオブ、
0〜0.75%の銅、
0.05%以下のリン、
0.02%以下の硫黄、
0.1%以下の窒素、及び
鉄、並びに
不可避的不純物、
からなり、ここで、前記製造物品は、自動車、自動車排気装置の構成要素、自動車排気装置のフレキシブルコネクタ、発熱体シース、及びガスケットからなる群から選択される、前記製造物品。 - クロムの量が19%〜21.5%であり、ニオブの量が0.25%〜0.6%である、請求項1に記載の製造物品。
- 前記製造物品は、自動車排気装置のフレキシブルコネクタである、請求項1に記載の製造物品。
- 製造物品の製造方法であって、質量で、
19%〜23%のクロム、
30%〜35%のニッケル、
1%〜6%のモリブデン、
0〜0.03%のチタン、
0.15%〜0.6%のアルミニウム、
0.1%以下の炭素、
1%〜1.5%のマンガン、
0〜0.8%未満のケイ素、
0.24%〜0.6%のニオブ、
0〜0.75%の銅、
0.05%以下のリン、
0.02%以下の硫黄、
0.1%以下の窒素、及び
鉄、並びに
不可避的不純物、
からなるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼から前記製造物品の少なくとも一部分を形成することを含み、ここで、前記製造物品は、自動車、自動車排気装置の構成要素、自動車排気装置のフレキシブルコネクタ、発熱体シース、及びガスケットからなる群から選択される、前記製造物品の製造方法。 - クロムの量が19%〜21.5%であり、ニオブの量が0.25%〜0.6%である、請求項4に記載の製造方法。
- 前記製造物品は、自動車排気装置のフレキシブルコネクタである、請求項4に記載の製造方法。
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- 2003-02-06 US US10/360,961 patent/US20040156737A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2004-02-03 ES ES04707747T patent/ES2297377T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-03 CN CNA2008101463202A patent/CN101407890A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20150003920A (ko) | 2015-01-09 |
DK1592820T3 (da) | 2008-03-31 |
JP2006517261A (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
KR20120092157A (ko) | 2012-08-20 |
CA2513897C (en) | 2015-04-14 |
EP1592820B1 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
CA2513897A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
KR20050101199A (ko) | 2005-10-20 |
US20170164426A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
WO2004072316A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
EP1592820A1 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
KR20170028457A (ko) | 2017-03-13 |
CN101407890A (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
ES2297377T3 (es) | 2008-05-01 |
BRPI0407190A (pt) | 2006-02-07 |
DE602004010368D1 (de) | 2008-01-10 |
KR20130140227A (ko) | 2013-12-23 |
CN1748042A (zh) | 2006-03-15 |
US20040156737A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
DE602004010368T2 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
WO2004072316A8 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
KR102042324B1 (ko) | 2019-11-07 |
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