JP4979517B2 - トナー - Google Patents
トナー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4979517B2 JP4979517B2 JP2007228808A JP2007228808A JP4979517B2 JP 4979517 B2 JP4979517 B2 JP 4979517B2 JP 2007228808 A JP2007228808 A JP 2007228808A JP 2007228808 A JP2007228808 A JP 2007228808A JP 4979517 B2 JP4979517 B2 JP 4979517B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- acid
- fine powder
- particles
- inorganic fine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-QWKBTXIPSA-N gallotannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-QWKBTXIPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-dien-4-one Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)CC=C PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEEPBTVZSYQUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptatriacontanediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O FEEPBTVZSYQUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLMXGBGAZRVYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,6-tetrol Chemical compound OCCCC(O)C(O)CO RLMXGBGAZRVYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-Q hydron;iron(3+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[H+].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940033355 lauric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- SFIHQZFZMWZOJV-HZJYTTRNSA-N linoleamide Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O SFIHQZFZMWZOJV-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQMHJBXHRFJKOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)OC ZQMHJBXHRFJKOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013872 montan acid ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRYWBRATLBWSSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C21 WRYWBRATLBWSSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LATKICLYWYUXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,3,6-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 LATKICLYWYUXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-1-en-3-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)C=C HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCC SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002601 oligoester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004209 oxidized polyethylene wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013873 oxidized polyethylene wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Vinylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEAYWASEBDOLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2,5-triol Chemical compound OCCCC(O)CO WEAYWASEBDOLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNAJDTIOMGISDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]CC=C DNAJDTIOMGISDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxycarbonyloxy propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCC YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZHFPEICFUVWJIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 2-hydroxy-5-[(3-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].Oc1ccc(cc1C([O-])=O)N=Nc1cccc(c1)[N+]([O-])=O ZHFPEICFUVWJIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIYXDFNAPHIAFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-tert-butylperoxycarbonylbenzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 JIYXDFNAPHIAFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CAPIMQICDAJXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(1-chloroethyl)silane Chemical compound CC(Cl)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl CAPIMQICDAJXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLPXNJHYVOVLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(2-chloroethyl)silane Chemical compound ClCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FLPXNJHYVOVLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHOQXNHADJBILQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(sulfanyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)S KHOQXNHADJBILQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940096522 trimethylolpropane triacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRQNRTRXAVFCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4,5-trioxa-1-stanna-3-borabicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl) borate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[Sn+4].[Sn+4].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] ZRQNRTRXAVFCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRPURDFRFHUDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical group C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC=C)C(C(=O)OCC=C)=C1 GRPURDFRFHUDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
該無機微粉体は、少なくとも個数平均粒子径が50nm以上1000nm未満であり、少なくともCuKα特性X線回折におけるブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の32.20degに最大ピークを有し、且つ該ブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の32.20degにおけるX線回折ピークの半値幅が0.20乃至0.30degであり、
下記式(1)
〔SrO〕1-X〔M2O3〕X〔TiO2〕 (1)
〔式中、MはAl、及びFeからなるグループから選択される金属元素を示す。Xは、0.01乃至0.20である。〕で示される複合酸化物を有することを特徴とするトナー。
0.005<(Ib)/(Ia)<0.050
を満たすことを特徴とする(1)に記載のトナー。
0.010<(Ic)/(Ia)<0.100
を満たすことを特徴とする(1)に記載のトナー。
〔SrO〕1-X〔M2O3〕X〔TiO2〕 (1)
〔式中、MはAl、及びFeからなるグループから選択される金属元素を示す。Xは、0.01乃至0.20である。〕
0.005<(Ib)/(Ia)<0.050
0.010<(Ic)/(Ia)<0.100
を満たすことが好ましい。
1)500mlのビーカーに3gの現像剤を入れ、該現像剤3gに対して200mlのTHF(テトラヒドロキシフラン)を加える。
2)上記1)で得られた溶液に超音波を3分間照射し、現像剤を分散させ、外添剤を遊離させる。
3)上記2)で得られた、遊離した外添剤を含むTHF上澄み溶液をデカンテーションにより分離し、サンプル溶液とする。
4)上記3)の操作で残ったトナー粒子に再びTHFを200ml加え、2)、3)の操作を繰り返す(3回程度)。
5)上記1)乃至4)の操作を、必要量のサンプル溶液が得られるまで繰り返す。
6)得られたサンプル溶液(遊離した外添剤を含むTHF上澄み溶液)を2μmのメンブレンフィルターを用いて、真空ろ過し、固形分を回収して外添剤サンプルを得る。
管球:Cu
平行ビーム光学系
電圧:50kV
電流:300mA
開始角度:30°
終了角度:50°
サンプリング幅:0.02°
スキャンスピード:4.00°/min
発散スリット:開放
発散縦スリット:10mm
散乱スリット:開放
受光スリット:1.0mm
TiO2+SrCO3→SrTiO3+CO2
によって表すことができる。
チタン酸ストロンチウムを酸化鉄との混晶体にするために加える酸化鉄は、Fe2O3組成を有する物質であれば特に制限されず何れの市販のものも用いることができ、または調製の工程で反応によってFe2O3となるFeを含んだ何れの物質であっても構わない。
SiCl4+2H2+O2→SiO2+4HCl
で表される。
0.975<b/a<1.01
を満足することが好ましい。
硫酸チタニル粉末を蒸留水に溶解し、溶液中のTi濃度が1.5(mol/l)、反応終了時の酸濃度が2.0(mol/l)になるように、硫酸及び蒸留水を添加した溶液を調整し、この溶液を、密閉した容器により、110℃の加熱処理を36時間行い、加水分解反応を行った。その後、水洗浄を行い十分に硫酸、不純物を除去し、メタチタン酸スラリーを得た。このスラリーに、酸化チタンに対して等モル量になるように炭酸ストロンチウム(平均粒子径80nm)を添加、また酸化チタンに対して8%モル量になるようにアルミナ(平均粒子径20nm)を添加する。水系湿式中で十分に混合した後、洗浄、乾燥後、800℃にて8時間焼結し、機械粉砕、分級工程を経て個数平均粒子径が100nmでCuKα特性X線回折におけるブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の32.20degに最大ピークを持つ複合無機微粉体1を得た。得られた複合無機微粉体1の物性を表2に示す。
上記メタチタン酸スラリーを用い、炭酸ストロンチウムの粒子径、アルミナまたは酸化鉄の添加量、及び焼成条件を表1に示すように変更し、粉砕、分級条件を適宜調整し、複合無機微粉体の製造例1と同様にして、複合無機微粉体2乃至24を得た。得られた複合無機微粉体の物性を表2に示す。
(ハイブリッド樹脂)
(1)ポリエステル樹脂の製造
・テレフタル酸 :6.2mol
・無水ドデセニルコハク酸 :3.7mol
・無水トリメリット酸 :3.3mol
・PO−BPA :7.4mol
・EO−BPA :3.0mol
上記ポリエステルモノマーをエステル化触媒とともにオートクレーブに仕込み、減圧装置、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入装置、温度測定装置及び撹拌装置を付し、窒素ガス雰囲気下で215℃まで加熱しながら縮重合反応を行い、ポリエステル樹脂を得た。
上記ポリエステル樹脂80質量部をキシレン100質量部に溶解・膨潤した。次に、スチレン15質量部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル5質量部、エステル化触媒としてジブチルスズオキサイド0.15質量部を添加してキシレンの還流温度まで加熱してポリエステル樹脂のカルボン酸とアクリル酸2−エチルヘキシルとのエステル交換反応を開始した。更にラジカル重合開始剤としてt−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド1質量部をキシレン30質量部に溶解したキシレン溶液を約1時間かけて滴下した。その温度で6時間保持してラジカル重合反応を終了した。減圧下200℃まで加熱して脱溶剤することによりポリエステル樹脂の水酸基とビニル系重合体ユニットの共重合モノマーであるアクリル酸2−エチルヘキシルとのエステル交換反応を行い、これにより、ポリエステル樹脂、ビニル系重合体及びポリエステルユニットとビニル系重合体ユニットがエステル結合して生成したハイブリッド樹脂1を得た。
(ポリエステル樹脂)
・テレフタル酸 10mol%
・フマル酸 25mol%
・無水トリメリット酸 5mol%
・PO−BPO 35mol%
・EO−BPA 25mol%
上記ポリエステルモノマーをエステル化触媒とともにオートクレーブに仕込み、減圧装置、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入装置、温度測定装置及び撹拌装置を付し、窒素ガス雰囲気下で210℃まで加熱しながら縮重合反応を行い、第1のポリエステル樹脂Aを得た。
・フマル酸 33mol%
・無水トリメリット酸 10mol%
・PO−BPO 35mol%
・EO−BPA 22mol%
(スチレン−アクリル樹脂)
・スチレン 70質量部
・アクリル酸n−ブチル 25質量部
・マレイン酸モノブチル 6質量部
・ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド 1質量部
上記ハイブリット樹脂1 100質量部
低分子量エチレン−プロピレン共重合体 7質量部
・荷電制御剤(アゾ系鉄錯体化合物) 2質量部
・磁性酸化鉄 90質量部
(平均粒径0.19μm、保磁力11.2KA/m、残留磁化10.8Am2/kg、飽和磁化82.3Am2/kg)
表3に示すように、上記複合無機微粉体2乃至24、樹脂成分を変更する以外は現像剤の製造例1と同様にして、現像剤(2)乃至(18)、比較現像剤(1)乃至(8)を得た。また、製造時に無機微粉体として市販のチタン酸ストロンチウム:ST−C(チタン工業製/粒径1400nm)を使用した他は現像剤の製造例1と同様にして、比較現像剤(9)を得た。
上記現像剤(1)を用いて以下に示す評価を行った。評価結果を表4及び表5に示す。
キヤノン製レーザービームプリンターMF7240を改造しプロセススピードを150%に、さらに可変の転写バイアス電源を取り付けた装置を用い、23℃/60%RHの環境でベタ黒画像を現像し、75g/m2の転写紙上に転写させ、感光体上に残った転写残画像を透明なポリエステル製粘着テープではくりさせ白紙上に貼り、その反射濃度をマクベス反射濃度計にて測定し、標準としてテープのみを白紙上に貼った部分の濃度をそこから差し引いた値をもって評価した。転写電圧は3.0乃至5.0kVまで1.0kV刻みで評価した。
ランク5:反射濃度 0.10以下
ランク4:反射濃度 0.11〜0.15
ランク3:反射濃度 0.16〜0.24
ランク2:反射濃度 0.25〜0.39
ランク1:反射濃度 0.40以上
ランク5:反射濃度 1.44以上
ランク4:反射濃度 1.40〜1.43
ランク3:反射濃度 1.36〜1.39
ランク2:反射濃度 1.31〜1.35
ランク1:反射濃度 1.30以下
上記現像剤(2)乃至(18)、および比較現像剤(1)乃至(9)を用いて、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。評価結果を表4及び表5に示す。
219 パイプ
220 ディストリビュータ
222 バグフィルター
224 吸引フィルター
229 捕集サイクロン
301 機械式粉砕機
302 原料排出口
310 固定子
311 原料投入口
312 回転軸
313 ケーシング
314 回転子
315 第1定量供給機
316 ジャケット
317 冷却水供給口
318 冷却水排出口
320 後室
321 冷風発生手段
331 第3定量供給機
Claims (3)
- トナー粒子及び無機微粉体を少なくとも有するトナーであり、
該無機微粉体は、少なくとも個数平均粒子径が50nm以上1000nm未満であり、少なくともCuKα特性X線回折におけるブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の32.20degに最大ピークを有し、且つ該ブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の32.20degにおけるX線回折ピークの半値幅が0.20乃至0.30degであり、
下記式(1)
〔SrO〕1-X〔M2O3〕X〔TiO2〕 (1)
〔式中、MはAl及びFeからなるグループから選択される金属元素を示す。Xは0.01乃至0.20である。〕
で示される複合酸化物を有することを特徴とするトナー。 - 該無機微粉体は、CuKα特性X線回折におけるブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の43.20degにピークを有し、該CuKα特性X線回折におけるブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の32.20degにおけるピーク強度(Ia)、43.20degにおけるピーク強度(Ib)が、下記式
0.005<(Ib)/(Ia)<0.050
を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のトナー。 - 該無機微粉体は、CuKα特性X線回折におけるブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の25.80degにピークを有し、該CuKα特性X線回折におけるブラッグ角(2θ±0.20deg)の32.20degにおけるピーク強度(Ia)、25.80degにおけるピーク強度(Ic)が、下記式
0.010<(Ic)/(Ia)<0.100
を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のトナー。
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