JP4825883B2 - 編込二又および三又ステントおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
編込二又および三又ステントおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
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Description
本発明は1999年2月1日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/118,185号および1999年3月18日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/125,192号から優先権の権利を享受する。これらの出願の開示すべては本出願に変更なく引用され組み込まれている。
図1Aに示すとおり、本発明はステント10からなり、これは共通主要ボディ20と付属品一つからなる2つの脚部30を含む。放射状に膨張可能でフレキシブルなチューブ状のステント本体は平編法で形成できる。平編ワイヤの構成は図1Bに示す。以下のほとんどの部分で述べるとおり、編み方は二つの別々のまっすぐなテンプレートでまず脚部30を形成することから始め、続いて一つのまっすぐなテンプレートで共通ボディ20を形成する。ステント10はニチノールワイヤよりなり、ニチノールの優れた弾力性を享受できる。本発明の1実施例では、ニチノールは55−56%のニッケルおよび約45−44%のチタンからなる(カリフォルニア州サンタクララのシェイプ・メモリ・アプリケーション社より発売)。ステント10はまた優れた弾力性またはこれに近い弾力性を有す材料なら何からでも製造可能であることはもちろんである。たとえばFePt、FePd、FeNiCoTiなどの熱弾力性マルテンサイト変態する形状記憶合金、同様にFeNiC、FeMnSi、FeMnSiCrNiなどの応力誘導マルテンサイトによる形状記憶効果を持つ材料も利用できる。
本発明の二又ステント(及び以下論ずる三又ステント)は、ステントとして機能するだけでなく、使用する材料の結果として薬物又は栄養供給システムとしても機能する自己展開型の生物吸収性、生物分解性ステントを形成することを目的に、生物分解性材料より作られたフィラメントを使い形成されるだろう。
本発明によるステントの生物分解性型に関し、発明者らは初期ベンチ作業に関し、開放端型平編みナイロン脚部(即ち、編んだ後にフィラメント端を一つにして閉鎖構造を形成しないもの)を使用した。脚部は0.007インチのナイロンフィラメントで編んだ。使用したフィラメントの数は16であり、脚部の自由直径は11mmであった。非拘束状態では、編み穴のサイズは約1mmであった。脚部の拡張力は比較的良好であり、最大延長後で脚部は容易にその自由直径に復帰した。脚部をその2端より長軸方向に圧迫すると、拡張力は明瞭に増加できた。長軸方向に最大圧迫した時、脚部の直径は13mmであった。脚部の両端を固定すると、それは事実上圧迫不能であった。
本発明は、分岐した体の構造が存在する複数の血管内領域あるいは非血管内領域でステント10を用いることを可能にする。血管に適用可能な範囲は、大動脈腸骨二又、上部静脈腔(SVC)接合、下部静脈腔(IVC)接合を含む。延長された大動脈第二腸骨(aorto−bi−iliac)閉塞症(Leriche症候群)を再び疎通(recanalizing)した後、ステントは内腔を維持するのに理想的でありうる。腹腔大静脈動磨の治療のために、ステントは、ある種の弾性体の保護物質を用い、ステント移植片となるようにしておおわれうる。ステントはまた、気管気管支閉塞症の治療においても、理想的な解決策である。二又ステントはまた、肺門胆汁(hilar biliary)狭窄症においても用いられる。悪性の狭窄症を広げる(stenting)ために、ステントは特別の保護物質(たとえば、ポリウレタンまたはシリコンでできたもの)、または抗ガン性コーティング、あるいはそれらの両方に設置されうる。その他の可能な適用には、静脈狭窄症を拡大した後の移植片または親血管の内腔を維持するために、血液透析通路移植片(hemodialysis acsess graft)の静脈側を広げることがありうる。
本発明は、また、ステントの送達システムをも含むものであり、このシステムは、ステントの適用によって変わる。二つの基本的な種類の送達システムは、気管気管支型と大動脈腸骨型である。
[a.具体例1]
図3は、本発明による送達システム100の前面部の実施態様を例示する図表である。このシステムは、二つの小さなキャリバーチューブと、各々が漏斗形状の被覆(またはY形状の)部分120(110と同じ材料で構成されている)に差し込まれた脚部110(テフロン、PVC、ナイロン、またはその他の適切な素材で構成されている)とを含む。一つの腔チューブ140はまた、この漏斗形状あるいはY形状の部分120の共通冠部に差し込まれている。チューブ140は、薄い壁面の、柔軟性のある、金属チューブにより作製される。一つの実施例において、チューブ140は、ニチノール(Shape Memory Applicationsで市販されている)でありうる。二つの小さなキャリバーチューブのそれぞれの末梢部115は、チップに近い部位に位置した二つの穴を備える。二つの固定ワイヤ130は、例示する実施形態ではそれぞれの脚部110のうちのの一つが、約0.009インチ〜0.013インチの太さのニチオールのワイヤであり、二つの固定ワイヤ130は、ステントの二つの脚部30の末梢端を固定するのに用いられる。固定ワイヤ130を構成するその他の素材は、あらゆる超弾性(superelastic)、擬似弾性(pseudoelastic)の素材を含む。一つの実施例において、固定ワイヤ130(および、本発明のA.およびB.に記載する他の全てのワイヤ)は、ニチノールワイヤであり、約55〜56%のニッケルと、約45〜44%のチタンを含有する(Shape Memory Applicationsで市販されている)。本発明の固定用ワイヤの具体例は、ニチオールであり(ワイヤ130と以下に述べるその他のワイヤをも含む)、ニチオールワイヤは、ニチオールの超弾性の特性が利用できるように本発明に記載されているように熱処理し、または、製造者より購入することができる。図3に示すように、これらのニチオール固定ワイヤ130は、近接する穴をとおって内腔から出て、末梢の穴をとおって戻り、内腔140から二つの穴の間の小さな側面のタイトな環135を形成する。このニチオール固定ワイヤ130は、漏斗形状またはY形状部分120を通過した後に、単一の内腔チューブ140を貫通する。気管気管支システム内での操作を容易にするために、ニチオール固定ワイヤ130の1.5〜2.0cmの長さの末梢端部には、やわらかいチップの小さな断片が取り付けられる。二又ステント10は、末梢脚部が二つの穴のあいだのタイトなニチオールワイヤに固定されて、Y形状のチューブ構築体上に設置される。つまり、ワイヤ130は、近接した穴を貫通して、閉じた構造(曲がったあるいは小さな閉じたループまたは織りの隙間)を通過し、近接した穴を通ってチューブの腔110に戻る。
図4に示されるような他の例において、送達システムの最も近くにある部分は逆フック機構は用いない。代わりに、ステントの最も近くにある端は、タイトなニチノール環とともに、上述したように、チューブ110にステント脚部の遠位端を固定するように用いられたように、チューブ170に固定される。チューブの周りのステントのねじれたワイヤの構成を達成するために、複数のテーパー状の(テーパー状のセグメントaを有する)ニチノールワイヤ130は、図4のように、チューブの実質的周囲に配置された多数の穴を介して糸通しされる。固定するワイヤを利用する全ての例示的な例では、固定するワイヤの端ははテーパー状にでき、チューブ170上の結合されたワイヤ端のこみいった配置を避けることが可能になる。
図6に示す通り、この代替具体例の送達システム200は、異なる長さの2本のまっすぐなチューブ210および220(これらはテフロンまたは上述の他の材料であってもよく、また、好ましくはD形であってもよいが、丸形を使用してもよい)を含んでもよい。短い方のチューブ210は長い方のチューブ220に柔軟に接続されており(一部の用途では、接続はチューブ220のほぼ中点である)、それによって継ぎ目が生じている。接続箇所にて、長いチューブ220上に、短いチューブ210に面して、ノッチを刻むことが可能である。ノッチ215は、継ぎ目における短いチューブ210の運動を容易にすることができ、僅かに楕円形の断面を形成する側面を接した配置の2本のチューブによって、送達システムのサイズを最小限に抑えることが可能である。
腎下部の頚部が短い(<2cm)場合には、近位内部漏出の危険性が増加することがある。こうした場合には、腎下部大動脈においてよりも腎臓周囲において、血管内移植の近位固定ステント、典型的にはZ−ステントを配置することにより、近位漏出は防ぐことができる。固定ステントの覆いのない部分は腎動脈を横切って配置されるが、それに腎下部のレベルで始まる覆いのある部分が伴う。ステント移植片の何らかの近位移動(内管腔移動および/または動脈瘤の縮小による)により腎動脈(複数)の閉塞によって患者が脅かされることがあるという深刻な問題が残る。
胸部大動脈瘤(TAA)は、通常の外科手術で高い危険性が伴うと考えられている患者に対するより侵襲性が少ない血管内における方法により治療することができる。本目的のために現在入手可能なステント移植片を用いて、動脈瘤に対する大動脈頸部の近位および遠位で、直径≦40mmおよび長さ≧15mmを有していなければならない(Semba、1998)。近位頚部が短い場合は、左鎖骨下動脈の潜在的な閉塞のために、ステント移植片による安全な治療を行うことができない。ステント移植片の近位固定ステントの位置を、左鎖骨下動脈を横切る位置に決めることにより、この問題を取り除く可能性をもった代替的な選択肢がもたらされる。その管腔を保持するために左鎖骨下動脈のなかに別のステントを配置することも、もう一つの実現可能性のある選択肢である。しかし、両方の解決法とも遠位塞栓および動脈閉塞の危険性が少々ある。
本二分分岐ステントの一つまたはそれ以上が大動脈弓の再建術に使用される。この疾患が大動脈および一つまたはそれ以上の大きな血管(腕頭、左頸動脈または左鎖骨下動脈など)の両方で発症した場合は、用いるその治療法は、側枝における血流を危険にさらすことなく大動脈管腔を維持するように設計すべきである。目前に横たわっている病理学上の状態(動脈瘤など)から、新しい管腔を作ることによりその血液循環から動脈瘤嚢を取り除くためにステント移植片を用いることを治療に含めることが求められる。この治療法については、本発明による二分岐ステント移植片(覆いの材料は図示していないが)による胸部大動脈瘤(TAA)の治療法を示す図10に一つの実施態様が図示されている。
図40に示されているように、2つの二分岐ステント10(図示されていないステント移植片も使用されることが可能である)が、大動脈312及び腎動脈313内で横並びで使用されている。この例において、二分岐ステント10(または二分岐ステント移植片500(図示せず))が、二つの送達システム200に固定され、前述のように送達されることが可能である。ステント10は、同時に解放され、これにより、一方のステントが、他方のステントの欠如を代償にして膨張することが不可能にされる。1つの例では、各幹が、大動脈内で利用可能な管腔内空間の約50%を占める。
本発明の1つの例において、二分岐(及びいくつかの損傷部においては三分岐でさえある)ステントが、移植片材料を備えることなしに、動脈瘤治療に使用されることが可能である。この例では、「裸の」ステントが、新たに形成された管腔表面の内皮層を発達させるための足場として用いられることも可能であり、一方、動脈瘤嚢は、経カテーテル塞栓により循環から除外されることが可能である。
材料及び方法
以下、本発明人は、本発明の新規の二分岐ステント設計の特徴(すなわち膨張力または半径方向力及び可撓性)を確証するためのin vitro研究の結果を示し、これらの特徴を、Gianturco−Roesch胆汁Zステント及びWALLSTENTのものと比較する。加えて、本発明人は、ブタにおける新規のステントの気管気管支用途での本発明人の予備的結果を示す。
”D0−D1]/D0 ”1]
ただし、D0は、湾曲前のステントの管腔直径であり、D1は、湾曲後の管腔直径である。この試験は、各ステントにおいて10回行われ、結果が、平均化された。
本発明のY形ステントのうちの14と、対応する送達システムとが、9頭のブタの気管気管支系において試験された。第一に、本発明人は、二分岐ステントを製造及び使用し、前記ステントの共通のボディは、より大きい前部直径を有する僅かに楕円形の横断面を有した(18mm対それらの15mmのa−p直径)。共通のボディの高さは、これらのステントにおいて10−12mmであり、一方、脚部は、2.8mm−3.1mmの長さであり、9mmの直径を有した。
第1部:in vitro研究
膨張力
ステントの膨張力の測定からの累積的データが、下記の表1、2及び3に記載されている。各表において、各表の最左側の列内のΔの印は、当該ステントの(mm単位の)周方向変位を表す。例えば、2mmのΔは、当該ステントの周縁が、2mmだけ減少されたことを示し、その変位を達成するのに必要な力が、次いで、記録されている。
4ボディ形Gianturco−Roesch胆汁Zステントは、40゜の角度でステントの中間部分内のその管腔を喪失し始めた。管腔は、90−100゜で完全に崩壊した。WALLSTENTが湾曲された場合、管腔直径は、100゜のベンドにおいて、9mmから、12.0mmの平均直径に増加した。これは、変換比が12.0mm(領域:27.7%から44.4%)であったことを意味する。しかし、ステントは、管腔直径が増加すると同時に短縮した。本発明のYステントの共通のボディが、中間で180゜湾曲された場合、管腔直径は、8mmから7.3mmの平均値に減少した(領域:7.5−7.0mm)。Yステントにおける変換比は、8.75%(6.25−12.50%)であった。ステントは、湾曲の間に短縮しなかた。Y形ステントの可撓性は、Zステント及びWALLSTENTの双方に対してより優れていた(p<0.0001)。
ステント配置は、14のケースのうち9のケースで技術的に成功した。送達システムの故障により、尚早の展開となり(2ケース)、展開の間にステント脚部がねじれ(2ケース)、ステント脚部を解放することが不可能となった(1ケース)。5つのステントが移動した、何故ならば、拘束されないステント直径は、気管気管支系より小さかった。それらのうちの3つは、ステントのサイズと気管気管支系との間の有為な相違に起因して、ステント送達後1週間で除去された。持続的な咳が、3つのブタにおいて発生した、何故ならばステント脚部が、主茎気管支より長く、これにより、遠位気管支内へ配置されたからである。
ニチノールワイヤの性質に起因して、本発明のYステントは、その超弾性を利用して、扁平に伸長され、配置されることが可能である。従って、損傷部の個所でステントを挿入した後、ステントは、その拘束状態から容易に回復し、バルーン付きカテーテルは必要とされない。設計のユニークな連続的な編み方により、間隙形成なしに、二又の個所に発生した損傷部の実質的に完全な被覆を達成されることが可能となる。従って、このタイプの損傷を処理するために、本発明による単一形ステントを使用することが可能であり、一方、複式ステントのためには、特別の技術及び配置が必要となる。
以下の文献は、それが例示的手法または本明細書中に記載したものを補足する他の詳細を提供する限りにおいて、具体的に引用して本明細書の記載の一部とする。
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Freitag et al., "Theoretical and experimental basis for the development of a dynamic airway stent," Eur. Respir. J., 7:2038-2045, 1994.
Gillams, Dick, Dooley, Wallsten, Din, "Self-expandable stainless steel braided endoprosthesis for biliary strictures," Radiology, 174:137-140, 1990.
Gunther, Vorwerk, Bohndorf et al., "Venous stenoses in dialysis shunts: Treatment with self-expanding metallic stents," Radiology, 170:401405, 1989.
Irving, Adam, Dick, Dondelinger, Lunderquist, Roche, "Gianturco expandable metallic biliary stents, results of a European clinical trial," Radiology, 172:321, 1989.
Milroy, Chapple, Eldin, Wallsten, "A new stent for the treatment of urethral strictures," Br. J. Urol., 63:392-396, 1989.
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Claims (27)
- 解剖学的構造体への移植に適するデバイスであって、
第1の脚部を画定する第1組の複数のワイヤであり、該第1の脚部は第1の末端部を有し、第1組の複数の前記ワイヤは直径0.005インチから約0.011インチである、ワイヤと、
第2の脚部を画定する第2組の複数のワイヤであり、第2の脚部は第2の末端部を有する、ワイヤと、
遠位端と基部とを有する共通ボディであり、前記共通ボディは、少なくとも第1組と第2組の複数のワイヤから形成され、前記共通ボディの基部は、両脚部の末端部に隣接し、且つ前記複数の組のうちの一つの組の少なくとも一つのワイヤの両端が前記共通ボディの遠位端に近接して位置し、前記共通ボディは周縁を有し、前記周縁において10 mmの減少を惹起させるために少なくとも167g重を必要とするように構成されている、共通ボディ、
とを含む、デバイス。 - 前記第1組と第2組の複数のワイヤはニチノールよりなる、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1組と第2組の複数のワイヤは、FePt、FePd、又はFeNiCoTiよりなる、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1組と第2組の複数のワイヤは、FeNiC、FeMnSi又はFeMnSiCrNiよりなる、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1組と第2組の複数のワイヤの各々は、約0.005インチから約0.011インチのサイズの範囲の直径を有する、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1組の複数のワイヤは、少なくとも5本のワイヤを含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記脚部と前記共通ボディの両方は、実質的に均一な直径を有するチューブ形状である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記脚部の内の少なくとも一つが手編みである、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 更に、少なくとも前記共通ボディに取り付けられる接木材料を備える、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記接木材料は、編まれたダクロンよりなる、請求項9に記載のデバイス。
- 前記接木材料は、ポリウレタンよりなる、請求項9に記載のデバイス。
- 前記接木材料はPTFEよりなる、請求項9に記載のデバイス。
- ステントがさらに、第3の脚部を画定する第3組の複数のワイヤであり、第3の脚部は第3の末端部を有する、ワイヤを含み、
ここで、前記共通ボディは、少なくとも第1組、第2組、及び第3組の複数のワイヤから形成され、前記共通ボディの基部は、前記三つの脚部それぞれの末端部に隣接する、請求項1のデバイス。 - 前記複数の組それぞれのワイヤは、ニチノールよりなる、請求項13に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1組の複数のワイヤは、少なくとも5本のワイヤを含む、請求項13に記載のデバイス。
- 前記それぞれの脚部と前記共通ボディは、実質的に均一な直径を有するチューブ形状である、請求項13に記載のデバイス。
- 前記脚部の内の少なくとも一つは手編みである、請求項13に記載のデバイス。
- 更に、少なくとも前記共通ボディに取り付けられる接木材料を備える、請求項13に記載のデバイス。
- 前記接木材料は、編まれたダクロンよりなる、請求項18に記載のデバイス。
- 前記接木材料は、ポリウレタンよりなる、請求項18に記載のデバイス。
- 前記接木材料はPTFEよりなる、請求項18に記載のデバイス。
- 解剖学的構造体への移植に適するデバイスを形成するための方法であって、前記デバイスは、第1の脚部、第2の脚部、及び共通ボディを有し、各脚部は、端と末端部とを有し、前記共通ボディは、基部と遠位端を有し、
前記方法は、
第1組の複数のワイヤ中の前記ワイヤを曲げて前記ワイヤに第1の曲げ部を形成することを含み、前記第1の曲げ部は、前記第1の脚部の前記端を画定するように配置され、前記第1組の複数のワイヤの各々が2つの端を有し、
第2組の複数のワイヤ中の前記ワイヤを曲げて前記ワイヤに第2の曲げ部を形成することを含み、前記第2の曲げ部は、前記第2の脚部の前記端を画定するように配置され、前記第2組の複数のワイヤの各々が2つの端を有し、
前記第1組の複数のワイヤの端を編んで前記第1の脚部を形成することを含み、第1の脚部のワイヤは、お互いに、第1の脚部が軸方向に圧縮されたときに増大する、第1の複数の角度を形成し、それぞれの角度はその中で鈍角であり、
前記第2組の複数のワイヤの端を編んで前記第2の脚部を形成することを含み、
両方の組のワイヤの端をテンプレートのまわりに編んで前記共通ボディと前記デバイスとを形成することを含み、
前記テンプレートから取り外すことなく前記デバイスを加熱処理することを含み、
ここで、前記共通ボディの基部は、両脚部の前記末端部に隣接し、前記共通ボディは周縁を有し、前記周縁において10 mmの減少を惹起させるために少なくとも167g重を必要とするように構成されている、方法。 - 前記第1の曲げ部がベントである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の曲げ部がループである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記第1組と第2組の複数のワイヤはニチノールよりなる、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記第1組と第2組の複数のワイヤの各々は、約0.005インチから約0.011インチのサイズ範囲の直径を有する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記第1組の複数のワイヤの端を編むことは手作業で行なわれる、請求項22に記載の方法。
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ATE407641T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
AU772868B2 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
IL144695A (en) | 2007-07-04 |
PT1148839E (pt) | 2008-12-12 |
EP1148839B1 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
CY1108620T1 (el) | 2014-04-09 |
EP1148839A2 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
JP2009148579A (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
AU772868C (en) | 2005-08-11 |
ES2313882T3 (es) | 2009-03-16 |
AU3220100A (en) | 2000-08-18 |
WO2000044309A3 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
DE60040206D1 (de) | 2008-10-23 |
CA2360168A1 (en) | 2000-08-03 |
DK1148839T3 (da) | 2008-12-15 |
CA2360168C (en) | 2008-10-14 |
IL144695A0 (en) | 2002-06-30 |
US6409750B1 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
WO2000044309A8 (en) | 2001-03-29 |
WO2000044309A2 (en) | 2000-08-03 |
JP2002535076A (ja) | 2002-10-22 |
BR0007932A (pt) | 2002-07-02 |
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