JP4742053B2 - 導電性ポリマー材料、ならびに効果的な治療の監視および提供を含むその用途 - Google Patents
導電性ポリマー材料、ならびに効果的な治療の監視および提供を含むその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4742053B2 JP4742053B2 JP2006549298A JP2006549298A JP4742053B2 JP 4742053 B2 JP4742053 B2 JP 4742053B2 JP 2006549298 A JP2006549298 A JP 2006549298A JP 2006549298 A JP2006549298 A JP 2006549298A JP 4742053 B2 JP4742053 B2 JP 4742053B2
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Description
本特許出願は、2002年4月10日に出願された、米国特許出願番号10/121,006の一部継続出願である。
本発明は、広くは、導電性ポリマー材料、ならびにその製造および使用方法に関する。さらに具体的には、本発明は、導電性ポリマー、ならびに透析治療などの内科的治療の際の患者へのアクセスの切断の監視、溶液の混合および化合の監視、などを含むその用途に関する。
本発明は、医療の際の1つ以上の溶液の投与に関する種々さまざまな状態またはパラメータ変化を監視するために電気導電性材料を利用する優れた装置、器具、システム、および方法を提供する。これは、結果として、透析治療などの医療の安全かつ効果的な実施を促進できる。
本発明は、広くには、患者の治療を監視するために効果的に使用することができる電気導電性材料に関する。これは、透析治療などの患者の治療の安全かつ効果的な実行を促進できる。一実施の形態において、本発明の導電性材料は、以下で詳しく説明されるような導電性ポリマー材料を含んでいる。
図1Aを参照すると、本発明の装置10の実施の形態が、1組の電気接点12を、血液回路16の血液配管セット14の流体に接触させて備えている。血液回路16は、血液透析、血液濾過、血液透析濾過、または持続的腎機能代替、などの透析治療、あるいは血漿療法に適用される体外の血液システム20へと、患者18を接続している。1組の電気接点12は、第1の電気接点22および第2の電気接点24を、それぞれ血液回路16の第1の管部材26および第2の管部材28へと取り付けて備えている。第1の管部材26は、患者の血管アクセス領域(図示されていない)へと挿入された静脈針または他の適切なアクセス装置に接続されている。第2の管部材28は、やはり患者の血管アクセス領域(図示されていない)へと挿入された動脈針などに接続されている。例えば、透析治療においては、血液が、患者18から動脈針を通り、第2の管部材28を介して、例えば透析機械を備えている体外の血液システム20へと流れ、そこで血液が処理されて、第1の管部材26を介し、静脈針を通って患者へと届けられる。
この並列インピーダンスにもかかわらず、本件の出願人らは、コントローラへと接続された電気接点を、血液が血管回路を通って流れるときの導体ループに沿ったインピーダンスについて、針の脱離などアクセスの切断に応答した変化を測定するために使用できることを、発見した。針の脱離が生じると、流体回路の少なくとも一部に沿った導体ループが、閉路から開路へと変化し、ZPが無限大に近づいてZ=ZDとなる。この点で、本発明の直接の伝導率測定能力を、アクセスの切断の検出に効果的に使用することができる。
本発明の電気接点は、患者へと挿入された針または適切なアクセス装置に対し、任意の適切な位置に位置できる。図1Cに示されているように、患者へと挿入されたただ1つのアクセス装置の脱離など、アクセス検出の検出に関して適用された本発明の一実施の形態が示されている。この種類の用途は、静脈内注射、ならびに血液濾過、血液透析、血液透析濾過、および持続的腎機能代替を含む透析治療など、ただ1本の針などのただ1つのアクセス装置によって投与される種々さまざまかつ適切な薬物療法へと適用可能である。
すでに述べたように、本発明の電気接点は、流体が流体回路を通って流れるときに、この流体と接触する。この点に関して、電気接点を、患者の治療に関する状態の変化を監視するために使用することができる。例えば、電気接点は、アクセスの切断(例えば、透析治療の際の血液回路からの静脈針(または動脈針、あるいは両方)の脱離、など)に起因するインピーダンスなどの変化(例えば、増加)を高い感度および特定性で迅速に検出できる直接の伝導率の測定を可能にする。他の種類の監視用途としては、後でさらに詳しく説明するような溶液の化合に応答しての伝導率の変化の監視が挙げられる。本発明が状態の変化の一つまたはその組み合わせを監視するのに利用され得ることを、理解すべきである。
一実施の形態において、本発明の装置は、電気接点(好ましくは、電極)が血液に効果的に接触して、この電極を前述のようにアクセス状態の変化を効果的に監視するために使用できるよう、電極を血液回路へと固定するために利用できる電気接点接続装置を備えている。一実施の形態においては、電極接点の少なくとも1つが、後述のような導電性ポリマー材料を含んでいる。さらに、本発明の接続装置を、潜在的な電気的供給源への接触に対する患者の保護を促進するように設計することができる。一実施の形態において、装置は、導電性部材を、医療用の流体が通過して流れうる管へと接続して備えることができ、そのような導電性部材が、血液などの医療に係る流体へと暴露された第1の部位と、管の外部の第2の部位とを有している。
すでに述べたように、電気接点をコントローラと組み合わせ、針の脱落または他の類似のアクセス状態の変化によるインピーダンスなどの変化を検出するために、使用することができる。電気接点は、後述するような導電性ポリマー材料など、種々の適切な導電性材料を含むことができる。一実施の形態においては、本発明を、基準インピーダンスの経時の変動を補正するように構成することができる。これは、本発明の検出能力に関して、感度のレベルを向上させることができる。この点に関し、基準インピーダンスの変化が大きすぎ、かつ充分に補正されない場合には、針の脱離に起因するインピーダンスの変化を基準値を超えて検出できることが、まったく不可能ではないかもしれないが、容易ではなくなるであろう。
すでに述べたように、本発明を、任意の適切な流体送達システム、または処置システムなどとともに使用するために構成することができる。一実施の形態において、本発明は、透析機械とともに使用されて、処置(例えば、血液透析、血液濾過、および血液透析濾過が挙げられる)において血液回路に沿って患者と透析機械との間で血液が流れる際のアクセスの切断を検出するように構成される。
すでに述べたように、本発明は、自宅で実施される透析治療、および透析処置センターにおいて実施される透析治療に、使用することができる。透析処置センターは、多数の患者に透析治療を提供できる。この点に関して、処置センターは、患者の要求に応じるために、多数の透析機械を備えている。透析処置センターにおける治療セッションは、場所および使用についての患者の要求に応じて、1日24時間、1週間に7日間実施することができる。
すでに述べたように、本発明は、導電性ポリマー材料、ならびにこれを使用する装置、器具、システム、および方法を提供する。導電性ポリマー材料は、患者の治療の監視など、いくつかの異なる用途に利用可能である。例えば、導電性ポリマー材料を、上述しかつさらに詳しく後述するように、患者のアクセス状態を監視するために使用することができる。他の種類の監視の用途としては、例えば後で詳しく説明する溶液の混合または化合が挙げられる。本発明は、患者のアクセス状態および溶液の混合状態を単独または組み合わせにおいて監視するなど、患者の治療に関する1つの状態の変化または状態の変化の組み合わせの監視をもくろんでいる。
次いで、電解質濃縮物およびデキストロース濃縮物などの溶液成分を、溶液の袋へと混合することができ、混合済みの溶液として腹膜透析の際に患者へと投与することができる。本発明の実施の形態に従って透析液の溶液成分を別個に収容してなる複数室の容器の説明のための例が、図9に示されている。
Claims (10)
- 医療治療の間に患者中に挿入されるアクセス装置(32、34)の脱離を検出するための装置(10)であって、以下:
該患者を体外血液システム(20)に接続するための血液回路(16)であって、該血液回路が第1のアクセス装置(32)に接続された第1の筒状部材(26)と第2のアクセス装置(34)に接続された第2の筒状部材(28)を有する血液配管一式(14)を含み、そして該第1のアクセス装置および該第2のアクセス装置が各々、該患者内に、使用において血液が該患者と該体外血液システムとの間を該血液回路を経由して流れ得るように挿入可能である血液回路;
該血液回路に連結され、該回路中を流れる血液と流体接触をなす第1の電極(22)および第2の電極(24)であって、該第1のアクセス装置および該第2のアクセス装置からそれぞれ離れて間隔を置かれ、そして該第1の電極および該第2の電極の少なくとも1つが、(a)ステンレス鋼、フィラーおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される導電性成分、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン、ポリカーボネート、アクリル、シクロオレフィンコポリマー、シクロオレフィンコポリマーブレンド、メタロセンをベースにしたポリエチレンおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるポリマーマトリックス中に取り込まれた導電性成分、および(b)ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン、ポリ(p‐フェニレンビニレン)、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される導電性ポリマー材料を含む電極;および
該第1の電極および該第2の電極の各々と電気接触しているコントローラ(29、52)を備え、
該第1のアクセス装置および該第2のアクセス装置の少なくとも1つの脱離に応答して電気値における変化を検出し得る装置。 - 前記装置が、前記第1のアクセス装置および前記第2のアクセス装置の少なくとも1つの脱離に応答して、インピーダンスの変化を検出し得る、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の電極(22)および前記第2の電極(24)がそれぞれ、第1の電気接点接続装置(48)および第2の電気接点接続装置(50)を通じて前記血液回路に接続される、請求項1または2に記載の装置。
- さらに、少なくとも1つのさらなる電極(53)を備える、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記導電性成分がさらに、ステンレス鋼、炭素質材料、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される導電性繊維を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記導電性繊維が、2:1〜30:1のアスペクト比を有する、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記導電性成分が、約10重量%より多い前記導電性ポリマー材料を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極の少なくとも1つが、ほぼ円筒形の形状を有するカプラーである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記コントローラ(29、52)が、前記第1の電極(22)および前記第2の電極(24)中に通過され得る電気信号を発生するように作動可能である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の装置を、血液透析システム、血液透析濾過システム、血液濾過システム、持続的腎機能代替療法システム、および家庭血液透析システムからなる群から選択される体外血液システム(20)と組み合わせて備える透析システム。
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US10/760,849 US20040254513A1 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2004-01-19 | Conductive polymer materials and applications thereof including monitoring and providing effective therapy |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1706731B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
ATE550055T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
JP2007524479A (ja) | 2007-08-30 |
US20070117010A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
US20110264042A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
US20040254513A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
WO2005073701A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
EP1706731A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
US8920356B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
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