JP4738414B2 - 薄く高密度のセラミック層の製造方法 - Google Patents
薄く高密度のセラミック層の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4738414B2 JP4738414B2 JP2007530578A JP2007530578A JP4738414B2 JP 4738414 B2 JP4738414 B2 JP 4738414B2 JP 2007530578 A JP2007530578 A JP 2007530578A JP 2007530578 A JP2007530578 A JP 2007530578A JP 4738414 B2 JP4738414 B2 JP 4738414B2
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
1. 一回の層塗工工程で層を製造(一つの層):これは、プラズマバーナーが一度だけの被覆工程で基体に塗工することを意味する。一工程だけを使用することが異なる溶射層の間でのひび割れ傾向を減少させる。このことは普通の多数の工程を必要とする慣用の技術に対峙するものである。
2. 最高で約100μmの析出層厚の調整:これは分節性ヒビ割れの発生を避ける。
3. 使用するセラミックの溶融温度の少なくとも25%(ケルビン温度)の高温に基体を予熱する:この手段は既に析出した粒子を一部再溶融することによって個々の溶射薄層の間の接合を改善する。
4.− プロセスパラメータを適切に選択することによって、200m/秒以上、特に250m/秒以上の値の、基体に溶射する際の早い粒子速度の調整:これによって微小ヒビ割れを生じる傾向の少ない薄い溶射薄層が生じる。
5. パラメータの適切な選択によって溶融温度の少なくとも5%、さらに好ましくは10%上という値の比較的に高い粒子温度を、基体に溶射する際に調整:これは再溶融及び結合を促進し、このことが微細ヒビ割れを抑制する。
A)高温燃料電池用電解質層:
アノードを備えた多孔質基体をプラズマバーナーにて約500℃の温度に予熱する。プラズマバーナーとしては例えばSulzer Metco社のTRIPLEX II バーナー又はF4 -バーナーを使用する。電力及びプロセスガス流は、高いプロセスガス速度及びプロセスガス温度が生じるような高さを選択する。粉末としてはイットリアで十分に安定化された溶融し破砕された20μmのd50−値の酸化ジルコニウム(YSZ)を使用する。粒子速度は基体に衝突する際に300m/秒以上であり、温度は3000℃である。溶射距離は90mmである。溶射被覆の際の基体温度は約800℃に達する。ロボット速度及び粉末供給速度は、一つの工程で約90μmの厚さの高密度YSZ−層が生じるように選択する。このために調整したロボット速度は150mm/秒である。
B)繊維複合材料のための腐食防止層:
CFC−材料よりなる繊維複合材料(炭素繊維複合体)に未だヒビ割れを持つ多層を設ける。この層を、基体並びに多層に対しての腐食性又は酸化性の大気の攻撃を避けるために、ここに説明した本発明に従って、La2Hf2O7よりなる別の気密な層で被覆する。場合によっては、多層とLa2Hf2O7との間の反応を抑制するためにセラミック中間層を挟み込んでもよい。
Claims (5)
- 大気プラズマ溶射法によって層を設ける、基体上に薄く高密度のセラミック層を製造する方法において、以下の各段階
− 基体を塗布すべきセラミックの溶融温度(ケルビン温度)の少なくとも1/4に相当する温度に予熱すること;
− 溶射添加物として50μm以下のd50−値を持つセラミック粉末又はセラミック粉末混合物を使用すること;
− 基体に衝突する際に200m/秒よりも早い粒子速度に調整すること;
− 粒子温度を、該粒子が基体表面に衝突する際に、被覆すべきセラミックの溶融温度より少なくとも5%(ケルビン温度)上にある様に調整すること;
− 溶射添加物の量及びプラズマバーナーの転移速度を、基体の一度の通過の際に100μmより薄い層厚に調節する様に調整すること、その際に溶射距離を150mm以下としそしてロボット速度を50〜400mm/秒とすること;及び
− その際に、10−1mbarL/(cm2S)より少ない漏出量の気密な層を作製すること
を含むことを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 溶射添加物として30μm以下のd50−値を持つセラミック粉末又はセラミック粉末混合物を使用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 懸濁物の状態の粉末をプラズマ火炎の中に導入する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 基体に衝突する際に250m/秒より大きい粒子速度に調整する請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 粒子が、基体表面に衝突する際に被覆すべきセラミックの溶融温度(ケルビン温度)より少なくとも10%上にある温度を有するように調整する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004044597A DE102004044597B3 (de) | 2004-09-13 | 2004-09-13 | Verfahren zur Herstellung dünner, dichter Keramikschichten |
DE102004044597.4 | 2004-09-13 | ||
PCT/DE2005/001380 WO2006029587A1 (de) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-08-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung dünner, dichter keramikschichten |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2008512566A JP2008512566A (ja) | 2008-04-24 |
JP2008512566A5 JP2008512566A5 (ja) | 2011-04-14 |
JP4738414B2 true JP4738414B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2007530578A Expired - Fee Related JP4738414B2 (ja) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-08-04 | 薄く高密度のセラミック層の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070259126A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1789600B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4738414B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102004044597B3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2387891T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006029587A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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DE102008007870A1 (de) * | 2008-02-06 | 2009-08-13 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Wärmedämmschichtsystem sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US9725797B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2017-08-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for forming an improved durability thick ceramic coating |
DE102008026101B4 (de) * | 2008-05-30 | 2010-02-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Thermisch gespritzte Al2O3-Schichten mit einem hohen Korundgehalt ohne eigenschaftsmindernde Zusätze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US20110048017A1 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-03 | General Electric Company | Method of depositing protective coatings on turbine combustion components |
DE102013017888A1 (de) | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-30 | Robert Brockmann | Verfahren zur Verheilung der Passivschicht eines Bauteils von Aluminium zur Wiedererlangung der Gasdichtheit |
US10196728B2 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2019-02-05 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Plasma spray coating design using phase and stress control |
JP6590686B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-24 | 2019-10-16 | トーカロ株式会社 | 絶縁軸受、並びに軸受のコーティング方法 |
WO2016198730A1 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-15 | Elcogen Oy | Protection arrangement for structure plates of solid oxide cells and method of forming said protection arrangement |
KR102026578B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-14 | 2019-09-27 | 엘코겐 오와이 | 고체 산화물 전지들의 구조 플레이트들을 위한 보호 장치 및 상기 보호 장치를 형성하는 방법 |
US11404710B2 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2022-08-02 | Cummins Enterprise Llc | Assembled portion of a solid oxide fuel cell and methods for inspecting the same |
DE102020126082A1 (de) | 2020-10-06 | 2022-04-07 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung sowie Beschichtung |
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WO2002019455A2 (de) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum herstellen einer festkeramischen brennstoffzelle |
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- 2004-09-13 DE DE102004044597A patent/DE102004044597B3/de not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
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2005
- 2005-08-04 US US11/662,787 patent/US20070259126A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-04 WO PCT/DE2005/001380 patent/WO2006029587A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-08-04 ES ES05773241T patent/ES2387891T3/es active Active
- 2005-08-04 EP EP05773241A patent/EP1789600B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-08-04 JP JP2007530578A patent/JP4738414B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006029587A1 (de) | 2006-03-23 |
DE102004044597B3 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
EP1789600B1 (de) | 2012-05-30 |
JP2008512566A (ja) | 2008-04-24 |
US20070259126A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
ES2387891T3 (es) | 2012-10-03 |
EP1789600A1 (de) | 2007-05-30 |
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