JP4484515B2 - 神経病症候群の治療の為のpde−4阻害剤としての、4−(4−アルコキシ−3−ヒドロキシフェニル)−2−ピロリディン誘導体。 - Google Patents
神経病症候群の治療の為のpde−4阻害剤としての、4−(4−アルコキシ−3−ヒドロキシフェニル)−2−ピロリディン誘導体。 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4484515B2 JP4484515B2 JP2003535784A JP2003535784A JP4484515B2 JP 4484515 B2 JP4484515 B2 JP 4484515B2 JP 2003535784 A JP2003535784 A JP 2003535784A JP 2003535784 A JP2003535784 A JP 2003535784A JP 4484515 B2 JP4484515 B2 JP 4484515B2
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- pyrrolidone
- aminocarbonylmethyl
- pyridyl
- cyclopentyloxy
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Classifications
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Description
明細書と添付した特許請求の範囲の更なる検討により、本発明の更なる態様、目的、効果が当業者に明らかとなろう。
化学式I:
R1は、1又は2以上の-CH2CH2-基が-CH=CH-基または-C≡C-基で適宜置き換えられる、1〜8個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、
1又は2以上のハロゲン原子、オキソ基、又は、それらのコンビネーションで置換されると共に、1又は2以上の-CH2CH2-基が、適宜-CH=CH-基または-C≡C-基に置き換えられる、1〜8個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、
非置換または、ハロゲン原子、オキソ基、1から4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、又はそのコンビネーションで、1若しくは2以上置換された3〜8個の炭素原子を有するシクロアルキル基、
Ia R2はCH3基又はCHF2基である。
Id R2はCH3基またはCHF2基;Rlは、CHF2基とフェネチル基はもとより、シクロペンチル基、テトラヒドロフラン基またはシクロプロピルメチル基である。
Ik R1は、CHF2基及びフェネチル基の他、シクロペンチル基、テトラヒドロフラン基またはシクロプロピルメチル基;R2は、CH3基またはCHF2基である。
(4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-ジフルオロメトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、または、
生理学的に許容できるこれ等の塩であり、いずれの場合でも、各化合物はラセミ化合物のようなエナンチオマー(鏡像異性体)混合物、ジアステレオマーの混合物、単一のエナンチオマー型又はジアステレオマー型である。
(4S)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4R)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4R)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4S)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-クロロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-ピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-メトキシフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-クロロ-2-フルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-ニトロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-ジフルオロメトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-ジフルオロメトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-アミノピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-エチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(4,6-ジメチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-ブロモピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-(4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-ブロモピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-(4S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(2-メトキシピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(6-(3-ブロモ-2-メチルピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(4-メトキシカルボニル)-ピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(3-(2-シアノピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、または
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、若しくは
生理学的に許容できるこれ等の塩であり、いずれの場合でも、各化合物はラセミ化合物のようなエナンチオマー(鏡像異性体)混合物、ジアステレオマーの混合物、単一のエナンチオマー型又はジアステレオマー型である。
(4S)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4R)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4R)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4S)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-クロロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-ピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-メトキシフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-クロロ-2-フルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-ニトロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-ピリミジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(5-メチルイソクサゾリル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルピペラジニル))-ヒドラジノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(4,5-ジメチルチアゾリル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-ピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-ピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(2,4-ジメトキシピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(4-メトキシピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-アニリン)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-ジフルオロメトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-ジフルオロメトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-[4-メトキシ-3-(3-(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル]-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3-(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-アミノピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-エチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(4,6-ジメチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-ブロモピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-ブロモピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3-(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-[4-メトキシ-3-(3-(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル]-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(2-メトキシピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(6-(3-ブロモ-2-メチルピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(4-メトキシカルボニル)-ピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(3-(2-シアノピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、または、
4(S)-[4-メトキシ-3-(3-(R)-テトラヒドロフルリルオキシ)フェニル]-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、または、
生理学的に許容できるこれ等の塩であり、いずれの場合でも、各化合物はラセミ化合物のようなエナンチオマー(鏡像異性体)混合物、または、ジアステレオマーの混合物、または、単一のエナンチオマー型又はジアステレオマー型である。
本発明の化合物は慣用的に調製出来る。公知の調整法の幾つかを以下に記載する。全ての出発物質は既知であるか、または、既知の出発物質から慣用的に調製出来る。
このようにして、適切に濃縮されたベンズアルデヒドはマロン酸モノメチルと縮合反応し、脱カルボキシル化の後、対応するメチル・ケイ皮酸エステルになる。塩基としてテトラメチルグアニジンを用いて、ニトロメタンを共役付加し、メチル-4-ニトロ-3-(置換-フェニル)酪酸塩が得られる。NiCl2、およびNaBH4を用いた脂肪族ニトロ化合物のアミン体への選択的還元(Osby, J. O. ; Ganem, B.,“脂肪族ニトロ化合物の対応するアミンへの急速で効率の良い還元”、Tetrahedron Lett., 1985, 26, 6413-6416)、およびその後のK2CO3処理により、85%の収率でラセミ化合物4-(3-ベンジルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドンが生成される。
このようにして、標的化合物は、NaH又はLDAのような非―親核的塩基を用い、15-クラウン-5-エーテルのような相間移動触媒を用いて、極性の非プロトン性溶媒中(例えば、DMF, THF, DMSO)で、ハロゲン化アルキル、ハロゲン化シクロアルキル、塩化アリールアシル、アルファ・ブロム化酢酸、適切に置換したアルファ・ブロム化物、および、ハロゲン化アリールアルキル(例えば、ベンジルブロマイド)と、アルキル化反応することによって得られる。
“標識化した化合物VIA有機金属中間体の合成”Tetrahedron(1989),45(21)6601-21,CODEN:TETRAB ISSN:0040-4020.CAN 112:20527 AN 1990:20527 CAPLUS および Evans,E.Anthony.“放射性標識化合物の合成”,J.Radioanal. Chem.(1981),64(1-2),9-32.CODEN:JRACBN ISSN: 0022-4081,CAN 95:76229AN 1981:476229 CAPLUS.
上記および下記の全ての応用、特許および発行物の開示内容は本明細書に援用する。
実施例
4-(3-ベンジルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン
750mLのMeOHとNiCl2-6H208.3g(34.8mmol)の混合物に14g(104.5mmol)のNaBH4をゆっくり添加した。この混合物を30分間0℃で攪拌し、500mlのメタノールと25gのメチル3-(3-ベンジルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-4-ニトロブタン酸塩のMeOH溶液を添加した。その後、8.3g(34.8mmol)のNiCl2-6H2Oを反応混合液に加え、その後、ゆっくり、少量ずつ9.2g(243mmol)のNaBH4を加えた。混合物を0℃、1時間攪拌し、150gのK2C03を一度に加えた。混合物を室温まで暖め、18時間攪拌を続けた。懸濁液を一パッドのセライトを通してろ過し、1000mlのMeOHで2回洗浄し、濃縮した。残渣に2000mlのEtOAcを加え、有機分画を連続して、200mlのH2O,250mlの塩水で洗浄し、乾燥(Na2SO4)して濃縮し固体とした。ヘキサン/EtOAcと伴に粉砕し、13gの目的物を得た。水相をEtOAcで抽出し、さらに、2.3gの生成物を得、これと粉砕溶媒を混ぜ、濃縮し、EtOAc/ヘキサンと共に粉砕した。全収量は15.3g(74%収量)であった。1H NMR(400MHz,CDC13)、化学シフトδ:7.44-7.26(m,5H)、6.87-6.70(m,3H)、5.75(bs,1H)、5.14(s,2H)、3.87(s,3H)、3.70-3.50(m,2H)、3.28(t,1H)、2.70-2.63(m,1H)、及び2.42-2.35(m,1H).
4-(3-ヒドロキシ -4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン
3.5g(11.6 mmol)の4-(3-ベンジルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドンと、50mlのMeOHおよび10mlのCH2Cl2の10%Pd/C350mgとの混合物を、20psi、H2気流中のパール装置上で8時間振動させた。混合物をセライトを通してろ過し、濃縮して2.4g(収率99%)の例1から例3までに用いる粗製品を得た。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)、δ:6.82(s,1H)、6.79(d,J=7.6Hz,1H)、6.70(d,J=7.6Hz,1H)、6.50(s,1H)、3.87(s,3H)、3.77(t,J=8.4Hz,1H)、3.62(t,J=8.0Hz,1H)、3.40(t,J=8.4Hz,1H)、2.71(dd,J=16.8、8.8Hz,1H)、2.49(dd,J=16.8,9.0Hz,1H).
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン-1-塩化アセチルを3mlのCH2Cl2に溶かし、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(39 mg,0.3mmol)を含むテトラヒドロフラン(2ml)に溶かした1,6-ジメチルアニリン(39mg,0.3mmol)溶液に加えた。3時間後、混合物を真空中で濃縮し、残渣を50mlのEtOAcに溶かし、50mlの1N HCl、50mlの水、および、50mlの飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液で洗浄した。有機相を濃縮し、SiO2のクロマトグラフィーに掛け、49mg(75%収量)の標的アセトアミドを得た:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)化学シフトδ:7.68(s,1H)、7.18-7.03(m,3H)、6.84-6.73(m,3H)、4.84-4.70(m,1H)、4.16(d,J=11.4Hz 1H)、4.13(d,J=11.4Hz,1H)、3.94(t,J=8.0Hz,1H)、3.85-3.75(m,4H)、3.68-3.46(m, 2H)、2.86(dd,J=16.8,8.4Hz,1H)、2.61(dd,J=16.8,8.4Hz,1H)、2.19(s,6H)、1.98-1.72(b,6H)、1.70-1.53(b,2H)。
A. (4S)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
B. (4R)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
C. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
D. (4R)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
E. (4S)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
F. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
G. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3,-クロロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
H. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4,-ピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
I. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4,-メトキシフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
J. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-クロロ-2-フルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
K. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3,-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
L. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4,-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
M. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4,-ニトロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
N. (4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
O. (4R)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
P. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(2-クロロピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
Q. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(2-ピリジルエチル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
W. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-ピリミジニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
X. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(5-メチルイソキサゾリル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
Z. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(4,5-ジメチルチアゾリル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
CC. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-ピリジニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
DD. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-ピリジニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
EE. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(2,4-ジメトキシピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
FF. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(4-メトキシピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
GG. 4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-tert-ブチルオキシカルボニルアミノフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-tert-ブチルオキシカルボニルアミノフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドンの混合物をTFAとジクロロメタン1:2混合液中で、2時間、室温で攪拌した。材料を真空中で濃縮し、SiO2カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製して純粋のアニリン化合物を得た。
酵素調整:
組換え酵素を発現しているバキュロウィルス-感染Sf9細胞から、ヒトPDE4酵素を得た。hPDE-4D6をコード化しているcDNAは、バキュロウィルス・ベクターにサブクローンした。昆虫細胞(Sf9)をバキュロウィルスに感染させ、細胞をタンパク質が発現するまで培養した。バキュロウィルス感染細胞を溶解し、細胞溶解物をhPDE-4D6の酵素源とした。酵素をDEAEイオン交換クロマトグラフィーによって部分精製した。本操作は他のPDE-4酵素をコード化するcDNAに対しても繰り返し用いうる。
IV型ホスホジエステラーゼは、環状アデノシン一燐酸(cAMP)を5’-アデノシン一燐酸(5’-AMP)に変換する。ヌクレオチダーゼは5’-AMPをアデノシンに変換する。故に、PDE4およびヌクレオチダーゼの組合せ活性により、cAMPはアデノシンに変換される。アデノシンは、中性アルミナカラムを用いて、容易にcAMPと分離することができる。本検定では、ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤はcAMPのアデノシンへの変換を妨げ、その結果として、PDE4阻害剤はアデノシンの減少を引き起こす。
テストは、既に記載したようにして行った(Zhang, H.T.; Crissman, A.M., Dorairaj, N.R., Chandler, L.J.,及び O'Donell, J.M., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2000,23,198-204)。装置(Model E10-16SC, Coulbourn Instruments, Allentown, PA)は、暗区画と照明された明区画がギロチン扉を通して連結する、二区画の部屋から出来ている。暗区画の床はステンレス鋼の棒から出来ており、定電流装置により電気的フットショックがかかるようになっている。全実験群は試験開始の前日に装置に住むことに慣らされた。練習の間、ラット(オスSpraque-Dawley(Harlan)、体重250から350g)は閉じたギロチン扉が開く1分前に、閉じた扉からそらされて、明区画に置かれる。暗区画に入る待ち時間は記録される。ラットが暗区画に入ると扉は閉ざされ、0.5mAの電流が3秒間与えられる。24時間後、ラットは、待ち時間テストの30分前にされる、生理的食塩水またはテスト化合物の注射(投与量;0.1から2.5 mg/Kg,i.p.)より更に30分前に、0.1 mg/Kg 試験化合物または生理的食塩水が与えられる。ラットは再び、ギロチン扉の開いた明区画に入れられる。暗区画に入るまでの待ち時間を180秒まで記録し、試行は終了する。
テストは既知の記載に従った(Zhang, H.T., Crissman, A.M,Dorairaj, N.R., Chandler, L.J.,及びO’Donell, J.M., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2000, 23, 198-204)。入荷5日後のラット(オス、Spraque-Dawley(Harlan)、体重250-350g)を、8本のアームのあるラジアル迷路(各アームは60×10×12cmの高さで、迷路は床から70cmの高架である)に環境順化の為に2日間置いた。その後、ラットを一匹づつ、固形餌ペレットとともに餌入れの近く、迷路の中心に5分間置き、翌日アームの末端の入れ物に置き、一日2回様子を見た。次に、4個のランダムに選んだアームに夫々1個の餌ペレットで餌付けをした。ラットは15秒間中心プラットホーム(直径26cm)に限定され、その後10分間以内、自由に迷路を通り全ての餌ペレットを集めさせた。4パラメーターを記録した:1)作業記憶違い、即ち、同じ試行で既に訪れた餌付けしたアームに入ったかどうか、2)参照記憶違い、即ち、餌付けしてないアームに入ったかどうか、3)全アームへ入ったかどうか、4)テストの持続時間(秒)、即ち迷路にある全てのペレットを集めるに要した時間。もし作業記憶間違いがゼロであり、また、平均参照違いが、5回の継続した試行のうち1回以下である場合には、そのラットは試薬テストを始める。試験化合物または生理食塩水を対照またはテスト試薬処理の15分前に注射したが、この対照処理等はテストの45分前にされる。実験は照明された部屋で行い、幾つかの視覚的な合図が見えるようにした。
Claims (26)
- 下記化学式Iで示される化合物、
化学式I:
式中のXはO原子であり;
R1は、1又は2以上の-CH2CH2-基が-CH=CH-基または-C≡C-基で適宜置き換えられる、1〜8個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、
1又は2以上のハロゲン原子、オキソ基、又は、それらのコンビネーションで置換されると共に、1又は2以上の-CH2CH2-基が、適宜-CH=CH-基または-C≡C-基に置き換えられる、1〜8個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、
非置換型または、ハロゲン原子、オキソ基、1から4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、又はそのコンビネーションで、1若しくは2以上置換された3〜8個の炭素原子を有するシクロアルキル基、
非置換、または、ハロゲン原子、アリール基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、ニトロ基、オキソ基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、または、それらのコンビネーションで1又は2以上置換された、少なくとも1個のN、O又はS原子を有する5〜10個のリング原子からなる、飽和、部分的に飽和、又は完全に不飽和な複素環式基、
非置換、または、ハロゲン原子、CF3基,OCF3基,アルキル基、水酸基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、メチレンジオキシ基、エチレンジオキシ基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、ヒドロキシアルコキシ基、カルボキシ基、シアノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルチオ基、アルキルスルフィニル基、アルキルスルホニル基、フェノキシ基、アシルアミド基、および、アシロキシ基、またはそれらのコンビネーションにより、1または2以上置換された炭素原子数6〜14のアリール基、
非置換または、ハロゲン原子、CF3基、OCF3基、アルキル基、水酸基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、メチレンジオキシ基、エチレンジオキシ基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、ヒドロキシアルコキシ基、カルボキシ基、シアノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルチオ基、アルキルスルフィニル基、アルキルスルホニル基、フェノキシ基、アシルアミド基、および、アシロキシ基、またはそれらのコンビネーションにより1または2以上置換されている、炭素原子数8〜16のアリールアルキル基、
非置換、又は、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、オキソ基、またはこれ等のコンビネーションにより1または2以上置換されている5〜14の炭素原子を有する部分的に不飽和の炭素環式基、
アルケニル部分が5個までの炭素原子を有する、非置換または、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、水酸基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、メチレンジオキシ基、エチレンジオキシ基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、ヒドロキシアルコキシ基、カルボキシ基、シアノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルチオ基、アルキルスルフィニル基、アルキルスルホニル基、フェノキシ基、アシルアミド基、および、アシロキシ基、またはそれらのコンビネーションにより、1又は2以上、置換された、8個から16個の炭素原子からなるアリールアルケニル基、
非置換又は、ハロゲン原子、アリール基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、ニトロ基、オキソ基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、カルボキシ基、または、それらのコンビネーションにより1又は2以上置換された、および/または、アルキル基部分がハロゲン原子、オキソ基、シアノ基、又はそれらのコンビネーションで置換された、少なくとも1個のN、O又はS原子を有する5〜10個のリング原子からなる、飽和、部分的に飽和、又は完全に不飽和な複素環式アルキル基、
非置換または、ハロゲン原子、オキソ基、アルキル基又はそれらのコンビネーションで1又は2以上置換されている、炭素原子数4〜16のシクロアルキルアルキル基;
R2は、非置換、または1又は2以上のハロゲン原子で置換されている、炭素原子数1〜4のアルキル基;
R3は-CH2CONHR5基;
R5は、非置換、または、ハロゲン原子、CF3、OCF3、アルキル基、水酸基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、メチレンジオキシ基、エチレンジオキシ基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、ヒドロキシアルコキシ基、カルボキシ基、シアノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルチオ基、アルキルスルフィニル基、アルキルスルホニル基、フェノキシ基、アシルアミド基、および、アシロキシ基、またはそれらのコンビネーションにより1または2以上置換された、炭素原子数6〜14のアリール基、
非置換、または、ハロゲン原子、アリール基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シアノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、ニトロ基、オキソ基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、または、それらのコンビネーションで1又は2以上置換された、少なくとも1個のN、O又はS原子を有する5〜10個のリング原子からなる、飽和、部分的に飽和、又は完全に不飽和な複素環式基である。 - 前記R1が、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、アリール基、複素環式基、アリールアルキル基、部分的に不飽和な炭素環式基、及びCHF2基が適宜置換されているこれらの基からなる群から選択される基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R1が、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロペンチルエチル基、シクロプロピルメチル基、フェニル基、ナフチル基、フェネチル基、フェンプロピル基、フラニル基、ピラジニル基、ピリミジル基、ピリジル基、キノリニル基、イソキノリニル基、チエニル基、インダニル基、テトラヒドロフラニル基、フェニルプロペニル基、フェニル基であると共に、フェニル基はオキソ基、F原子、Cl原子、CF3基,アルキル基、アルコキシ基、CN基、ビニル基、メチレンジオキシ基、COOH基、およびこれ等のコンビネエーションから選んだ1又は1以上の置換基で置換されており、フェネチル基はオキソ基、F原子、Cl原子、CF3基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、CN基、メチレンジオキシ基、COOH基、およびこれ等のコンビネーションから選んだ1又は1以上の置換基で置換されている、請求項2に記載された化合物。
- R1がCHF2基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基、又は複素環式基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R1がCHF2であるか、シクロペンチル基、フェネチル基、3-テトラヒドロフラニル基、または、シクロプロピルメチル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R2が置換または非置換の、炭素原子数1〜4のアルキル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R2がCH3基である、請求項6に記載された化合物。
- R1が1又は2以上の-CH2CH2-基が-CH=CH-基または-C≡C-基で適宜置き換えられる、1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R2がCH3基又はCHF2基である、請求項8に記載された化合物。
- R5が非置換若しくは置換されたフェニル基又は非置換若しくは置換されたピリジル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R5が非置換若しくは置換されたフェニル基又は非置換若しくは置換されたピリジル基である、請求項8に記載された化合物。
- R5が非置換若しくは置換されたフェニル基又は非置換若しくは置換されたピリジル基である、請求項9に記載された化合物。
- R5が適宜に置換されたアリール基又はヘテロアリール基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R5が2-メチルフェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基、2,3-ジフルオロフェニル基、4-フルオロフェニル基、4-ピリジル基、2-ピリジル基、6-メチル-2-ピリジル基、6-アミノ-2-ピリジル基、6-エチル-2-ピリジル基、4,6-ジメチル-2-ピリジル基、6-ブロモ-2-ピリジル基、6-メチル-5-ブロモ-2-ピリジル基、2-メトキシ-3-ピリジル基、4-CH3 O-CO-3-ピリジル基、または2-シアノ-3-ピリジル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R2がCH3基またはCHF2基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R2がCH3基またはCHF2基、R1がCHF2基、シクロペンチル基、テトラヒドロフラン基、フェネチル基、または、シクロプロピルメチル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R1がCHF2基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、アリールアルキル基、複素環式基、または複素環式アルキル基であり、R2がCH3基またはCHF2基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R1がCHF2基、シクロペンチル基、テトラヒドロフラン基、フェネチル基、またはシクロプロピルメチル基、R2がCH3基またはCHF2基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R1がCHF2基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、複素環式基、または複素環式アルキル基であり、R2がCH3基またはCHF2基であると共に、R5が置換または非置換のフェニル基、2-ピリジル基、3-ピリジル基、または、4-ピリジル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R1がシクロアルキル基、複素環式基、または、複素環式アルキル基であり、R2がCH3基または、CHF2基であると供に、R5が2-メチルフェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基、2,3-ジフルオロフェニル基、4-フルオロフェニル基、4-ピリジル基、2-ピリジル基、6-メチル-2-ピリジル基、6-アミノ-2-ピリジル基、6-エチル-2-ピリジル基、4,6-ジメチル-2-ピリジル基、6-ブロモ-2-ピリジル基、6-メチル-5-ブロモ-2-ピリジル基、2-メトキシ-3-ピリジル基、4-CH3O-CO-3-ピリジル基、および、2-シアノ-3-ピリジル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R1がCHF2基、シクロペンチル基、テトラヒドロフラン基、またはシクロプロピルメチル基、R2がCH3基またはCHF2基であると共に、R5が置換又は非置換のフェニル基、2-ピリジル基、3-ピリジル基、または、4-ピリジル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- R1がCHF2基、シクロペンチル基、テトラヒドロフラン基、またはシクロプロピルメチル基、R2がCH3基またはCHF2基であり、R5が2-メチルフェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基、2,3-ジフルオロフェニル基、4-フルオロフェニル基、4-ピリジル基、2-ピリジル基、6-メチル-2-ピリジル基、6-アミノ-2-ピリジル基、6-エチル-2-ピリジル基、4,6-ジメチル-2-ピリジル基、6-ブロモ-2-ピリジル基、6-メチル-5-ブロモ-2-ピリジル基、2-メトキシ-3-ピリジル基、4-CH3O-CO-3-ピリジル基、又は、2-シアノ-3-ピリジル基である、請求項1に記載された化合物。
- 下記化合物から選択される、請求項1に記載された化合物;
(4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-ジフルオロメトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン。 - 下記化合物から選択される、請求項1に記載された化合物;
(4S)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4R)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4R)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4S)-4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-クロロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-ピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ヒ゜ロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-メトキシフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-クロロ-2-フルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(4-ニトロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-ジフルオロメトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-ジフルオロメトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-アミノピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-エチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
(4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(4,6-ジメチルピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-ブロモピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-(4S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(2-(6-ブロモピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-(4S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-メチルフェニル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(2-メトキシピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(6-(3-ブロモ-2-メチルピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(3-(4-メトキシカルボニル)-ピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジル)-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン、
1-(N-(3-(2-シアノピリジル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-4(S)-(3-シクロペンチルオキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-2-ピロリドン、あるいは
4(S)-(4-メトキシ-3-(3(R)-テトラヒドロフリルオキシ)フェニル)-1-(N-(2-(6-メチルピリジニル))-アミノカルボニルメチル)-2-ピロリドン。 - エナンチオマー(鏡像異性体)混合物、ジアステレオマーの混合物、単一のエナンチオマー型又はジアステレオマー型である、請求項1〜24の何れかに記載された化合物。
- 請求項1〜25の何れかに記載された化合物の医学的に許容できる塩。
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BR112017001334A2 (pt) | 2014-08-06 | 2017-11-14 | Pfizer | compostos de imidazopiridazina, seu uso e composição farmacêutica que os compreende |
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US7235579B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
IL161317A0 (en) | 2004-09-27 |
ATE444065T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
BR0213660A (pt) | 2004-08-24 |
AU2002335015B8 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
CA2463469A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
EP1435944B1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
NO20042024L (no) | 2004-05-14 |
HRP20040409A2 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
RU2340600C2 (ru) | 2008-12-10 |
WO2003032981A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
KR20050037404A (ko) | 2005-04-21 |
CO5570674A2 (es) | 2005-10-31 |
KR100951218B1 (ko) | 2010-04-05 |
EP1435944A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
US20030139406A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
AU2002335015B2 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
ES2334650T3 (es) | 2010-03-15 |
MXPA04003516A (es) | 2004-07-23 |
JP2005508961A (ja) | 2005-04-07 |
KR20090080573A (ko) | 2009-07-24 |
CN1604776A (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
RU2004115333A (ru) | 2005-10-27 |
ZA200402856B (en) | 2005-01-25 |
DE60233884D1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
NZ532288A (en) | 2005-12-23 |
US20050272803A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
JP2009286797A (ja) | 2009-12-10 |
US20090176799A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
RU2008123376A (ru) | 2009-12-27 |
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