JP4448391B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4448391B2 JP4448391B2 JP2004186637A JP2004186637A JP4448391B2 JP 4448391 B2 JP4448391 B2 JP 4448391B2 JP 2004186637 A JP2004186637 A JP 2004186637A JP 2004186637 A JP2004186637 A JP 2004186637A JP 4448391 B2 JP4448391 B2 JP 4448391B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 196
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 131
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
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- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
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- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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Description
した状態で排出される前記水分を凝縮して水と空気を各々発生させる第3熱交換部130
を含んでいる。
30 改質器
50 燃料供給部
51 第1タンク
53 第2タンク
55 第1ポンプ
57 第1開閉バルブ
59 第2開閉バルブ
70 酸素供給部
71 空気ポンプ
100 燃料電池システム
Claims (19)
- 熱エネルギーによる化学触媒反応を通じて水素を含有した燃料から水素ガスを発生させ
る改質器と、
前記水素ガスと酸素の電気化学的な反応を通じて電気エネルギーを発生させる少なくと
も一つの電気生成部と、
前記改質器に燃料を供給する燃料供給部と、
前記電気生成部で酸素を供給する酸素供給部と、
前記改質器と電気生成部に連結設置されてシステムの初期起動時の前記改質器の熱エネ
ルギーを電気生成部に提供して前記電気生成部を予熱させる第1熱交換部とを含み、
前記改質器は前記燃料と酸素の酸化反応を通じて前記熱エネルギーを発生させる第1反
応部を含み、
前記電気生成部が複数積層されてスタック(stack)を形成し、
前記スタックは、互いに隣接する電気生成部の間に位置し、前記燃料供給部から前記改
質器に送られる燃料を通過させる流路を有する流路部を含むことを特徴とする燃料電池シ
ステム。 - 前記燃料供給部は、
前記燃料を貯蔵する第1タンクと、
前記第1タンクに連結設置される第1ポンプとを含み、
前記第1タンクと第1反応部が第1供給ラインによって連結されることを特徴とする、
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記酸素供給部は、
空気を吸入する空気ポンプを含み、
前記空気ポンプと第1反応部が第2供給ラインによって連結されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1熱交換部は、
前記流路の一側端部に結合されて前記第1反応部と流路を実質的に連結するノズル部材と、
前記流路の他側端部に結合されて前記ノズル部材と実質的に連通する回収部材とを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1反応部とノズル部材が第3供給ラインによって連結されることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記流路部は前記流路を有しながら互いに隣接する電気生成部の間に介されるプレートタイプの高熱伝導固体部材を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記高熱伝導固体部材が熱伝導性を有するアルミニウム、銅、鉄からなる群より選択される材質で形成されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記電気生成部は、
電極-電解質合成体と、
前記電極-電解質合成体の両面に配置されるセパレータとを含み、
前記流路部は互いに隣接するセパレータに前記流路を形成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 熱エネルギーによる化学触媒反応を通じて水素を含有した燃料から水素ガスを発生させる改質器と、
前記水素ガスと酸素の電気化学的な反応を通じて電気エネルギーを発生させる少なくとも一つの電気生成部と、
前記改質器に燃料を供給する燃料供給部と、
前記電気生成部に酸素を供給する酸素供給部と、
システムの初期起動時の前記改質器の熱エネルギーを電気生成部に提供して前記電気生成部を予熱させる第1熱交換部と、
システムの正常起動時の前記電気生成部の内に前記燃料を循環させて前記電気生成部で発生する熱を冷却させ、前記電気生成部を循環しながら予熱された燃料を前記改質器に供給する第2熱交換部とを含み、
前記改質器は前記燃料と酸素の酸化反応を通じて前記熱エネルギーを発生させる第1反応部を含み、
前記電気生成部が複数積層されてスタック(stack)を形成し、
前記第2熱交換部は、前記スタックにおいて、互いに隣接する電気生成部の間に位置し、前記燃料供給部から前記改質器に送られる燃料を通過させる流路を有する流路部を含むことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記電気生成部は水素と酸素の結合反応によって生成される高温多湿な水分と水素と未反応した状態で前記水分に含まれた酸素を排出する水分排出部と、酸素と未反応した水素ガスを排出する水素ガス排出部とを含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記水分排出部を通じて未反応酸素を含有した状態で排出される前記水分を凝縮して水と酸素を各々発生させる第3熱交換部と、
前記第3熱交換部によって生成された水を燃料供給部に供給し、酸素を前記第1反応部に供給する第1循環部とを含むことを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記水素ガス排出部から排出される未反応水素ガスを第1反応部に供給する第2循環部を含むことを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第1反応部から排出される排出ガスを気化させる第4熱交換部を含むことを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第4熱交換部は前記排出ガスを加熱する加熱機を含み、前記加熱機と第1反応部が第12供給ラインによって連結されることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記改質器は、
前記熱エネルギーを用いて前記燃料と水の混合燃料を蒸発させる第2反応部と、
水蒸気改質触媒反応を通じて前記蒸発された混合燃料から水素ガスを発生させる第3反応部と、
前記水素ガスに含まれた一酸化炭素の濃度を低減させる少なくとも一つの反応部とを含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記一酸化炭素の濃度が低減された水素ガスを前記第1反応部に再供給する第1補助燃料供給部を含むことを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第1補助燃料供給部は前記改質器から電気生成部に水素ガスを供給する供給経路と前記電気生成部から排出される未反応水素ガスを第1反応部に供給する供給経路の間を連結する第13供給ラインとを含むことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第1反応部に燃料を追加的に供給する第2補助燃料供給部を含むことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第2補助燃料供給部は燃料供給部と第1反応部を連結する第14供給ラインと、前記第14供給ラインに連結設置される第2ポンプとを含むことを特徴とする、請求項18
に記載の燃料電池システム。
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EP (1) | EP1594181B1 (ja) |
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