JP4251649B2 - 透光性酸化ルテチウム焼結体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
透光性酸化ルテチウム焼結体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
4: レンズ
6: ハーフミラー
8: 酸化ルテチウム焼結体
10: 光学カプラー
100massppm以上0.7mass%以下のYが、焼結助剤として大きな効果を発揮する。なおYに代えてGaやSc,あるいはLa,Nd,Tb,Ho,Tm,Yb等の他の希土類元素を添加しても、80%以上の直線光透過率を得るのは困難であった。なおレーザー活性元素を添加する場合、特異吸収波長を除いて直線光透過率を定める。またこの明細書では、Y含有量は特に記さない限り、金属換算の質量比で表わす。また成形体の密度は理論密度との比で示す。
純度99.99%の高純度酸化ルテチウム原料粉末を塩酸に溶解させ、濃度0.5M(mol・dm−3)の塩化ルテチウム水溶液を調整した。この溶液51をポリテトラフルオロエチレン製容器に入れ攪拌した。塩化ルテチウム水溶液に、濃度3M(mol・dm−3)の炭酸水素アンモニウム溶液21を5ml/minの速さで滴下し、室温で10日間養生を行った。養生後、濾過及び超純水を用いた水洗を数回繰り返した後、150℃の乾燥機に入れて2日間乾燥した。得られた前駆体粉末をアルミナ製坩堝に入れ、電気炉で仮焼(1200℃×10時間)することにより、BET値が5.0m2/g、平均一次粒子径が0.13μmで、5μmを超える凝集粒子の質量分率が2%以下の酸化ルテチウム原料粉末を作製した。原料の酸化ルテチウム中のSi含有量は金属換算で3massppm以下、アルカリ土類金属元素の合計含有量も金属換算で3massppm以下、Al含有量は金属換算で1massppm未満、FeやCr等の遷移金属元素の含有量は5massppm以下であった。
試験例1と同様にして、種々Y添加量の異なるルテチア成形体(成形体密度は59%以上)を作製した。この成形体を脱バインダー後、真空中1630℃にて8時間焼結した。試験例1と同様にして、焼結体の800nmでの直線光透過率(t=1mm)、Y含有量、平均粒子径を求めた結果を表1に示す。
純度99.9%以上で平均一次粒子径が0.27μmのルテチア原料粉末5gをアルミナ製乳鉢に入れ、原料に対してY金属換算で0.45mass%相当の酸化イットリウム微粉末を添加し、混合、粉砕した。この粉末をφ15mmの金型に入れ、10MPaの圧力で一次成形を行った後、CIP(冷間等方性プレス)成形して、成形体密度60.5%の成形体を作製した。この成形体を、種々異なる焼結温度において、水素雰囲気中で10時間焼結した。焼結温度、及び得られた焼結体の平均粒子径と波長800nmでの直線光透過率(t=1mm)を表2に示す。この結果より、焼結温度が1450℃以上1750℃以下では、平均粒子径が0.7μm以上20μm以下で、直線光透過率は80%以上となるが、焼結温度がこの範囲を外れると、直線光透過率は極端に低くなる事が判る。また、EDX(エネルギー分散型X線分析装置)を備えたSEMにより観察すると、比較例8及び9の焼結体では粒界部にYの析出層が確認されたが、比較例6,7や試験例7〜10では粒界部に異相は検出されなかった。
試験例1と同様にして、平均一次粒子径0.3μmの酸化ルテチウム原料粉末を作製した。この原料粉末に、原料に対してY金属換算で0.5mass%相当の酸化イットリウム微粉末を添加し、混合、粉砕を行った後に異なる圧力でCIP成形を行うことにより、成形体密度の異なる成形体を作製した。この成形体を試験例1と同様にして1600℃で焼結した。成形体密度と、焼結体の波長500nmでの直線光透過率(t=1.0mm)を表3に示す。
試験例1と同様にして高純度ルテチア前駆体を作成し、仮焼時の温度及び時間を種々に変更して、一次粒子径及び凝集度合いの異なる酸化ルテチウム原料粉末を作製した。これらの原料粉末を用い、試験例1と同様にして成形体を作成し、試験例1と同様に脱脂後、真空中1700℃で2時間焼結した。なお全ての焼結体のY含有量は、0.3〜0.35mass%の範囲であった。原料粉末の一次粒子のBET値、5μm以上の凝集粒子の質量分率、及び得られた焼結体の直線光透過率(t=1mm)、平均粒子径を表4に示す。
試験例8と同様にして得られた焼結体(焼結温度1580℃、500nm及び400nmでの直線光透過率80.2%、58.4%、平均粒子径2.8μm)にHIP処理を施し、透過率の改善を図った。種々の温度、時間、圧力でHIP処理を行った場合の、焼結体の平均粒子径と波長400nm、500nmでの直線光透過率(t=1mm)を表5に示す。HIP処理は、圧力媒体としてArガスを用いた同時昇温昇圧法により、800℃/hrで昇温し、所定温度で所定時間保持した後に、1000℃/hrで冷却した。ここで光透過率は、500〜400nmの領域では、特異吸収波長を除き、光の波長が短くなると単調に低下する。
Yに代えて、種々の3価の金属を100massppmまたは0.65mass%添加し、試験例1と同様にして、種々の添加物のルテチア成形体(成形体密度は59%以上)を作製した。試験例1と同様にしてこの成形体を脱バインダー後、真空中1630℃にて8時間焼結し、焼結体の800nmでの直線光透過率(t=1mm)を求めた。結果を表6,7に示す。この結果から、Yのみが有効に働いていることがわかる。
試験例20,21と同様にして、Nd、Tm、Hoを1mass%、及びYをそれぞれ0.35mass%添加し、ルテチア成形体(成形体密度は59%以上)を作製した。この成形体を脱バインダー後、真空中1630℃にて8時間焼結した。試験例20,21と同様にして、焼結体の800nmでの直線光透過率(t=1mm)を求めた。結果を表8に示す。この結果から、Yの他にレーザー活性元素を添加しても、有効に働くことが分かる。
試験例25:レーザー発振試験を行うため、試験例1と同様にして、Ndを0.15%添加した平均一次粒子径0.3μmの酸化ルテチウム原料粉末を作製した。試験例1と同様にして、Yを0.35mass%添加した成形体を10個作製し、真空炉にて1675℃で8時間真空焼結を行った。得られた焼結体の両面を鏡面研磨し、分光光度計にて波長1080nmでの直線光透過率(厚み1.25mm)を測定した結果、全ての試料において81.5%以上であった。レーザー発振試験装置の概略を図1に示す。808nmで1W出力のレーザーダイオード2から出た光を、焦点距離8mmのレンズ4で集光し、ハーフミラー6を介して、Nd添加ルテチア焼結体8(試料両端面の反射防止コート無し)に照射する。共振器長は10mmで、光学カプラー10は曲率50mmで透過率3%のものを使用した。発振試験の結果、10個の焼結体全てにおいて、発振波長1080nmにて最大出力10mW以上、スロープ効率10%以上が得られた。
Claims (4)
- Y含有量が100massppm以上0.7mass%以下で、焼結体の平均粒子径が0.7μm以上 20μm以下であり、焼結体中の粒界にY含有の異相の析出が実質的になく、波長500nmから6.5μmの領域に渡っての直線光透過率が1mm厚みで80%以上の、透光性酸化ルテチウム焼結体。
- 前記焼結体にレーザー活性元素を添加してレーザー発振子材料とすることを特徴とする、請求項1の透光性酸化ルテチウム焼結体。
- BET(比表面積)値2.0m2/g以上15.0m2/g以下で、5μm以上の凝集粒子が質量分率で10%以下の、純度99.9%以上の酸化ルテチウム粉末を用いて、成形体密度が理論密度比58%以上で、Y含有量が100massppm以上0.7mass%以下の成形体を作製し、
水素、希ガスあるいはこれらの混合雰囲気中、もしくは真空中で、1450℃以上1750℃以下で0.5時間以上焼結して、波長 500nm から 6.5 μ m の領域に渡っての直線光透過率が 1mm 厚みで 80% 以上の、酸化ルテチウム焼結体とする、透光性酸化ルテチウム焼結体の製造方法。 - 前記焼結体に、1450℃から1750℃の温度及び49MPaから196MPaの圧力で、0.5時間以上熱間等方性プレスを施すことを特徴とする、請求項3の透光性酸化ルテチウム焼結体の製造方法。
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