JP3987583B2 - 互いに異なる伝送率を用いた通信バス - Google Patents

互いに異なる伝送率を用いた通信バス Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3987583B2
JP3987583B2 JP52918198A JP52918198A JP3987583B2 JP 3987583 B2 JP3987583 B2 JP 3987583B2 JP 52918198 A JP52918198 A JP 52918198A JP 52918198 A JP52918198 A JP 52918198A JP 3987583 B2 JP3987583 B2 JP 3987583B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
signal
station
stations
bus
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP52918198A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2000508866A5 (enExample
JP2000508866A (ja
Inventor
ヘルマン スヒュッテ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Philips Electronics NV
Publication of JP2000508866A publication Critical patent/JP2000508866A/ja
Publication of JP2000508866A5 publication Critical patent/JP2000508866A5/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3987583B2 publication Critical patent/JP3987583B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/40—Bus structure
    • G06F13/4004—Coupling between buses
    • G06F13/4027—Coupling between buses using bus bridges
    • G06F13/4045—Coupling between buses using bus bridges where the bus bridge performs an extender function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/407—Bus networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/413—Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
    • H04L12/4135—Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD] using bit-wise arbitration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
JP52918198A 1997-01-30 1998-01-12 互いに異なる伝送率を用いた通信バス Expired - Fee Related JP3987583B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97200250 1997-01-30
EP97200250.5 1997-01-30
PCT/IB1998/000041 WO1998034376A2 (en) 1997-01-30 1998-01-12 Communications bus using different transmission rates

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2000508866A JP2000508866A (ja) 2000-07-11
JP2000508866A5 JP2000508866A5 (enExample) 2005-09-08
JP3987583B2 true JP3987583B2 (ja) 2007-10-10

Family

ID=8227968

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP52918198A Expired - Fee Related JP3987583B2 (ja) 1997-01-30 1998-01-12 互いに異なる伝送率を用いた通信バス

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6038623A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0900493B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP3987583B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR100464467B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN1123162C (enExample)
DE (1) DE69830823T2 (enExample)
TW (1) TW362178B (enExample)
WO (1) WO1998034376A2 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5952890A (en) 1997-02-05 1999-09-14 Fox Enterprises, Inc. Crystal oscillator programmable with frequency-defining parameters
US5960405A (en) 1997-02-05 1999-09-28 Fox Enterprises, Inc. Worldwide marketing logistics network including strategically located centers for frequency programming crystal oscillators to customer specification
TW468110B (en) * 1998-05-04 2001-12-11 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Electronic apparatus with a bus
US6532506B1 (en) * 1998-08-12 2003-03-11 Intel Corporation Communicating with devices over a bus and negotiating the transfer rate over the same
US6188255B1 (en) 1998-09-28 2001-02-13 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Configurable clock generator
US6145036A (en) * 1998-09-30 2000-11-07 International Business Machines Corp. Polling of failed devices on an I2 C bus
US6175887B1 (en) * 1998-10-21 2001-01-16 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Deterministic arbitration of a serial bus using arbitration addresses
US6361440B1 (en) * 1999-02-04 2002-03-26 Namco Ltd. Game system, game machine, game data distribution machine, network system and information storage medium
US6191660B1 (en) 1999-03-24 2001-02-20 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Programmable oscillator scheme
US6753739B1 (en) 1999-03-24 2004-06-22 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Programmable oscillator scheme
US6407641B1 (en) 2000-02-23 2002-06-18 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Auto-locking oscillator for data communications
US6946920B1 (en) 2000-02-23 2005-09-20 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Circuit for locking an oscillator to a data stream
US6297705B1 (en) 2000-02-23 2001-10-02 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Circuit for locking an oscillator to a data stream
US6501815B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2002-12-31 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Loadable divide-by-N with fixed duty cycle
US6742071B1 (en) 2000-07-25 2004-05-25 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Real-time I/O processor used to implement bus interface protocols
US6591322B1 (en) 2000-08-01 2003-07-08 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for connecting single master devices to a multimaster wired-and bus environment
US7093151B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2006-08-15 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Circuit and method for providing a precise clock for data communications
US6874052B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2005-03-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Expansion bridge apparatus and method for an I2C bus
US8176296B2 (en) 2000-10-26 2012-05-08 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation Programmable microcontroller architecture
US6724220B1 (en) 2000-10-26 2004-04-20 Cyress Semiconductor Corporation Programmable microcontroller architecture (mixed analog/digital)
US6725320B1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2004-04-20 International Business Machines Corporation I2C bus switching devices interspersed between I2C devices
US6813672B1 (en) 2001-02-23 2004-11-02 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. EMC enhancement for differential devices
US6760872B2 (en) 2001-03-19 2004-07-06 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Configurable and memory architecture independent memory built-in self test
US6931465B1 (en) 2001-03-31 2005-08-16 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Intelligent, extensible SIE peripheral device
US6772251B1 (en) 2001-05-04 2004-08-03 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation Bit interleaved data serial interface
US6842806B2 (en) 2001-05-29 2005-01-11 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for interconnecting wired-AND buses
WO2002097642A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for constructing and configuring multiple segment wired-and bus systems
US6625782B1 (en) 2001-08-13 2003-09-23 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Software structure methodology description of programmable phase-locked loop die and device presentation techniques
US7406674B1 (en) 2001-10-24 2008-07-29 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation Method and apparatus for generating microcontroller configuration information
US6559726B1 (en) 2001-10-31 2003-05-06 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. Multi-modulus counter in modulated frequency synthesis
US8042093B1 (en) 2001-11-15 2011-10-18 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation System providing automatic source code generation for personalization and parameterization of user modules
US7844437B1 (en) 2001-11-19 2010-11-30 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation System and method for performing next placements and pruning of disallowed placements for programming an integrated circuit
ITTO20011082A1 (it) * 2001-11-19 2003-05-19 Telecom Italia Lab Spa Procedimento per controllare la funzionalita' di una rete cdn, relativo sistema e prodotto informatico.
US6857040B2 (en) * 2001-12-05 2005-02-15 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Bi-directional bus bridge in which multiple devices can assert bus concurrently
US20040255070A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-16 Larson Thane M. Inter-integrated circuit router for supporting independent transmission rates
US7231474B1 (en) 2004-06-01 2007-06-12 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Serial interface having a read temperature command
US7095250B1 (en) 2004-12-21 2006-08-22 Analog Devices, Inc. Single wire bus communication system with method for handling simultaneous responses from multiple clients
US7809973B2 (en) 2005-11-16 2010-10-05 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation Spread spectrum clock for USB
US8026739B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2011-09-27 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation System level interconnect with programmable switching
US8035401B2 (en) 2007-04-18 2011-10-11 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation Self-calibrating driver for charging a capacitive load to a desired voltage
US7966438B2 (en) * 2007-09-27 2011-06-21 Honeywell International Inc. Two-wire communications bus system
DE102011100212A1 (de) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) Sende-Empfangsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Senden und Empfangen von Daten
TWI502370B (zh) * 2012-06-14 2015-10-01 Acer Inc 電子系統、從屬電子裝置與信號傳輸方法
CN103856199B (zh) * 2012-11-28 2017-02-08 苏州新宏博智能科技股份有限公司 一种用于数据总线上的上拉装置
CN103870430B (zh) * 2012-12-07 2017-12-01 上海贝尔股份有限公司 具有插接式端口的设备
US9548871B2 (en) * 2013-03-07 2017-01-17 General Electric Company Systems and methods for master arbitration
EP2822229B1 (de) 2013-07-04 2017-06-21 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Kommunikationsnetzwerk zur Übertragung von Nachrichten
EP3336710B1 (en) 2016-12-15 2019-10-02 Iristick nv I²c bridge device
US10361838B2 (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-07-23 Texas Instruments Incorporated Two-wire communication interface system
CN109085786B (zh) * 2018-09-04 2021-04-02 深圳市雷赛控制技术有限公司 双通道现场总线设计方法、控制系统及计算机终端
KR102712145B1 (ko) 2019-11-12 2024-09-30 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 시스템 및 시스템의 동작 방법

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8005976A (nl) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-17 Philips Nv Tweedraads-bussysteem met een kloklijndraad en een datalijndraad voor het onderling verbinden van een aantal stations.
US4689740A (en) * 1980-10-31 1987-08-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Two-wire bus-system comprising a clock wire and a data wire for interconnecting a number of stations
JPS59101943A (ja) * 1982-12-03 1984-06-12 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd デイジタル信号伝送方式
DE3402076A1 (de) * 1984-01-21 1985-08-01 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren und anordnung zur datenuebertragung
JPS60178738A (ja) * 1984-02-24 1985-09-12 Nec Corp 高速バ−スト信号監視装置
JPS61214834A (ja) * 1985-03-20 1986-09-24 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 複合情報伝送方式
DE3751608T2 (de) * 1986-09-01 1996-06-27 Nippon Electric Co Serielles Busschnittstellensystem zur Datenübertragung mit einer Zweidrahtleitung als Taktbus und Datenbus.
FI81225C (fi) * 1988-09-30 1990-09-10 Kone Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer att saenda meddelande i binaerform i en serietrafikbuss.
JPH039631A (ja) * 1989-06-06 1991-01-17 Nec Commun Syst Ltd 時分割回線交換機の回線スピード交換制御方式
JP2738106B2 (ja) * 1990-02-06 1998-04-08 日産自動車株式会社 多重通信制御装置
US5559967A (en) * 1993-03-18 1996-09-24 Apple Computer, Inc. Method and apparatus for a dynamic, multi-speed bus architecture in which an exchange of speed messages occurs independent of the data signal transfers
JPH07307649A (ja) * 1994-05-13 1995-11-21 Fujitsu Ltd 電子装置
AUPN704795A0 (en) * 1995-12-11 1996-01-11 Philips Electronics Australia Limited Bi-directional signal transmission system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0900493B1 (en) 2005-07-13
KR20000064823A (ko) 2000-11-06
DE69830823T2 (de) 2006-05-18
CN1123162C (zh) 2003-10-01
CN1220795A (zh) 1999-06-23
JP2000508866A (ja) 2000-07-11
TW362178B (en) 1999-06-21
EP0900493A2 (en) 1999-03-10
KR100464467B1 (ko) 2005-06-17
DE69830823D1 (de) 2005-08-18
WO1998034376A2 (en) 1998-08-06
US6038623A (en) 2000-03-14
WO1998034376A3 (en) 1998-09-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP3987583B2 (ja) 互いに異なる伝送率を用いた通信バス
US6092138A (en) Electronic apparatus having a high-speed communication bus system such as an I2 C bus system
US6421752B1 (en) Electronic apparatus
JPH09503610A (ja) データストリームモード切換機能を備えたメモリ装置
US20100064083A1 (en) Communications device without passive pullup components
JPH0319740B2 (enExample)
GB2282035A (en) Controlling termination of current driven circuits that bidirectionally transmit and receive data
EP0589499B1 (en) A multistation communication bus system, and a master station and a slave station for use in such system
CN101427226A (zh) 具有有源上拉的串行通信总线
US20110191512A1 (en) Single Pin Read-Write Method And Interface
WO2000002134A2 (en) Improved inter-device serial bus protocol
US6202116B1 (en) Write only bus with whole and half bus mode operation
US7342815B2 (en) DQS signaling in DDR-III memory systems without preamble
JPH09160690A (ja) バスドライバ故障検出方式
US6567878B2 (en) Two wire mixed signal bi-directional bus interface
JP2578144B2 (ja) 並列データポート選択方法及び装置
KR20040068261A (ko) 신호 제어 라인 공유 장치 및 방법
JP3900327B2 (ja) シリアルデータ転送装置
US20250298456A1 (en) Receiving device and power managing method thereof
JP3246454B2 (ja) 同時双方向入出力回路及び信号転送方法
JPH0473170B2 (enExample)
JPH11215158A (ja) Ｉｅｅｅ１３９４インタフェース及びその制御方法
JPH06216911A (ja) 通信方法
KR20000052167A (ko) 칩들간의 데이터통신장치
JPH063941B2 (ja) シリアル通信方式

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050111

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050111

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20060411

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20060622

A602 Written permission of extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602

Effective date: 20060807

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20061011

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20070227

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20070515

RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20070515

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20070710

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20070713

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100720

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100720

Year of fee payment: 3

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100720

Year of fee payment: 3

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100720

Year of fee payment: 3

S303 Written request for registration of pledge or change of pledge

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R316304

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100720

Year of fee payment: 3

R371 Transfer withdrawn

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R371

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110720

Year of fee payment: 4

S303 Written request for registration of pledge or change of pledge

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R316304

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110720

Year of fee payment: 4

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110720

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110720

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110720

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110720

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

S343 Written request for registration of root pledge or change of root pledge

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R316354

SZ02 Written request for trust registration

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R316Z02

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

R371 Transfer withdrawn

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R371

S343 Written request for registration of root pledge or change of root pledge

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R316354

SZ02 Written request for trust registration

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R316Z02

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120720

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130720

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130720

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130720

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130720

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130720

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130720

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130720

Year of fee payment: 6

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees