JP2023505185A - 正極活物質、その製造方法、及びそれを含む正極を含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質、その製造方法、及びそれを含む正極を含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023505185A JP2023505185A JP2022533330A JP2022533330A JP2023505185A JP 2023505185 A JP2023505185 A JP 2023505185A JP 2022533330 A JP2022533330 A JP 2022533330A JP 2022533330 A JP2022533330 A JP 2022533330A JP 2023505185 A JP2023505185 A JP 2023505185A
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- active material
- transition metal
- positive electrode
- chemical formula
- metal oxide
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- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012688 phosphorus precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(化学式1)
Li1-xNaxM1-(α+β+γ)WαMgβTiγO2-aSa
前記化学式1で、
Mは、W、Mg、Ti、Na及びSを除くアルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素、遷移金属元素、ポスト遷移金属元素及び非金属元素のうちから選択された1種以上の元素であり、
0<x≦0.01、0<α≦0.01、0<β≦0.005、0<γ≦0.005、0<a≦0.01、0<α+β+γ≦0.02である。
前記前駆体を熱処理し、前記化学式1で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質を得る段階と、を含む正極活物質の製造方法が提供される。
(化学式1)
Li1-xNaxM1-(α+β+γ)WαMgβTiγO2-aSa
前記化学式1で、M、x、α、β、γ、aについては、下記で具体的に後述する。
(化学式2)
Li1-x’Nax’Niy1’Coy2’Mny3’Wα’Mgβ’Tiγ’O2-a’Sa’
(化学式3)
Li1-x”Nax”Niy1”Coy2”Aly3”Wα”Mgβ”Tiγ”O2-a”Sa”
(化学式4)
Li1-x”’Nax”’Niy1”’Coy2”’Wα”’Mgβ”’Tiγ”’O2-a”’Sa”’
0<x’≦0.01、0<α’≦0.01、0<β’≦0.005、0<γ’≦0.005、0<a’≦0.01、0<α’+β’+γ’≦0.02、0.48≦y1’<1、0<y2’≦0.2、0<y3’≦0.3、y1’+y2’+y3’+α’+β’+γ’=1でもある。
前記化学式3で、
0<x”≦0.01、0<α”≦0.01、0<β”≦0.005、0<γ”≦0.005、0<a”≦0.01、0<α”+β”+γ”≦0.02、0.73≦y1”<1、0<y2”≦0.2、0<y3”≦0.05、y1”+y2”+y3”+α”+β”+γ”=1でもある。
前記化学式4で、
0<x”’≦0.01、0<α”’≦0.01、0<β”’≦0.005、0<γ”’≦0.005、0<a”’≦0.01、0<α”’+β”’+γ”’≦0.02、0.78≦y1”’<1、0<y2”’≦0.2、y1”’+y2”’+α”’+β”’+γ”’=1でもある。
(化学式5)
LiaPbOc
0<a≦3、0<b≦1及び0<c≦4である。
前記XRDグラフにおいて、2θ=20°ないし25°におけるピークは、Li3PO4の存在を意味する。
(化学式1)
Li1-xNaxM1-(α+β+γ)WαMgβTiγO2-aSa
前記化学式1で、
Mは、W、Mg、Ti、Na及びSを除くアルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素、遷移金属元素、転移後琴の中元素及び非金属元素のうちから選択された1種以上の元素であり、
0<x≦0.01、0<α≦0.01、0<β≦0.005、0<γ≦0.005、0<a≦0.01、0<α+β+γ≦0.02である。
実施例1
100gのNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2、及び41.8gのLi2CO3、0.67gのB(OH)3、3.0gのWO3、0.27gのMgCO3、0.24gのTiO2、0.45gのNaOH、並びに0.75gの(NH4)2Sを、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、1,000℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.90Co0.05Al0.05(OH)2、及び42.4gのLi2CO3、3.0gのWO3、0.27gのMgCO3、0.24gのTiO2、0.45gのNaOH、並びに0.75gの(NH4)2Sを、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、970℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.9Co0.1(OH)2、及び42.0gのLi2CO3、3.0gのWO3、0.27gのMgCO3、0.24gのTiO2、0.45gのNaOH、並びに0.75gの(NH4)2Sを、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、970℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.9Co0.1(OH)2、及び42.0gのLi2CO3、3.0gのWO3、0.27gのMgCO3、0.24gのTiO2、0.45gのNaOH、0.75gの(NH4)2S、並びに0.30gの(NH4)2HPO4を、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、1,000℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2、及び41.8gのLi2CO3を、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、1,000℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2、及び41.8gのLi2CO3、0.27gのMgCO3、0.24gのTiO2を、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、1,000℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2、及び41.8gのLi2CO3、0.27gのMgCO3、0.45gのNaOHを、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、1,000℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2、及び41.8gのLi2CO3、3.0gのWO3、0.27gのMgCO3を、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、1,000℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2、及び41.8gのLi2CO、並びに0.75gの(NH4)2Sを、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、1,000℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.90Co0.05Al0.05(OH)2、及び42.4gのLi2CO3を、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、970℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
100gのNi0.9Co0.1(OH)2、及び42.0gのLi2CO3を、約15分機械的に混合する。混合された粉末を、970℃で4時間、及び700℃で10時間焼成し、正極活物質を得た。
実施例5
実施例1で得られた正極活物質:導電材:バインダを、94:3:3の重量比で混合し、スラリーを製造した。ここで、前記導電材としては、カーボンブラックを使用し、前記バインダとしては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)をN-メチル-2-ピロリドン溶媒に溶解させて使用した。
前記スラリーをAl集電体に均一に塗布し、110℃で2時間乾燥させ、正極電極を製造した。極板のローディングレベルは、11.0mg/cm2であり、電極密度は、3.6g/ccであった。
前述の製造された正極を作業電極として使用し、リチウムホイルを相対電極として使用し、エチレンカーボネート(EC)/EMC(エチルメチルカーボネート)/DEC(ジエチルカーボネート)を3/4/3の体積比で混合された混合溶媒に、リチウム塩としてLiPF6を、1.3Mの濃度になるように添加した液体電解液を使用し、一般的に知られている工程により、CR2032ハーフセルを作製した。
実施例1で得られた正極活物質の代わりに、実施例2ないし4で得られた正極活物質をそれぞれ使用した点を除いては、実施例5と同一方法でハーフセルを作製した。
実施例1で得られた正極活物質の代わりに、比較例1ないし7で得られた正極活物質をそれぞれ使用した点を除いては、実施例5と同一方法でハーフセルを作製した。
実施例1及び4、及び比較例1で合成した正極活物質につき、700-ES(Varian)装備を利用し、ICP(inductively coupled plasma)分析を進め、その結果は、下記表1に記載された。
実施例1及び比較例1で合成された正極活物質の外観を、Verios 460(FEI社)装備を利用し、SEM(scanning electron microscope)イメージを得て、図1に示した。また、Cilas 1090(Scinco社)装備を利用し、粒度分布を測定し、下記表2及び図2に示した。
実施例5ないし8、及び比較例8ないし14で作製したハーフセルを10時間休止させた後、0.1Cで4.3VまでCCモードで充電した後、0.05Cに該当する電流まで、CVモードで充電を進めた。次に、0.1Cで、3.0VまでCCモードで放電し、化成工程を完了した。
実施例4で合成された正極活物質につき、2θ=10°ないし80°の区間において、D/MAX 2500V/PC(Rigaku社)装備を利用し、X線回折(XRD)スペクトルグラフを得て、その結果は、図7に示されている。
Claims (18)
- 下記化学式1で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む、正極活物質:
(化学式1)
Li1-xNaxM1-(α+β+γ)WαMgβTiγO2-aSa
前記化学式1で、
Mは、W、Mg、Ti、Na及びSを除くアルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素、遷移金属元素、ポスト遷移金属元素及び非金属元素のうちから選択された1種以上の元素であり、
0<x≦0.01、0<α≦0.01、0<β≦0.005、0<γ≦0.005、0<a≦0.01、0<α+β+γ≦0.02である。 - 前記化学式1で、β及びγは、それぞれ0<β≦0.003、0<γ≦0.003である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記化学式1で、β=γである、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記Mは、Ni、Co、Mn、Al、V、Ca、Zr、B及びPのうちから選択された1種以上の元素である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記Mは、Ni及び、Co、Mn及びAlのうちから選択された1種以上の元素である、請求項4に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、単一粒子である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、単結晶である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式2ないし4のうちいずれか一つで表される、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
(化学式2)
Li1-x’Nax’Niy1’Coy2’Mny3’Wα’Mgβ’Tiγ’O2-a’Sa’
(化学式3)
Li1-x”Nax”Niy1”Coy2”Aly3”Wα”Mgβ”Tiγ”O2-a”Sa”
(化学式4)
Li1-x”’Nax”’Niy1”’Coy2”’Wα”’Mgβ”’Tiγ”’O2-a”’Sa”’
前記化学式2で、
0<x’≦0.01、0<α’≦0.01、0<β’≦0.005、0<γ’≦0.005、0<a’≦0.01、0<α’+β’+γ’≦0.02、0.48≦y1’<1、0<y2’≦0.2、0<y3’≦0.3、y1’+y2’+y3’+α’+β’+γ’=1であり、
前記化学式3で、
0<x”≦0.01、0<α”≦0.01、0<β”≦0.005、0<γ”≦0.005、0<a”≦0.01、0<α”+β”+γ”≦0.02、0.73≦y1”<1、0<y2”≦0.2、0<y3”≦0.05、y1”+y2”+y3”+α”+β”+γ”=1であり、
前記化学式4で、
0<x”’≦0.01、0<α”’≦0.01、0<β”’≦0.005、0<γ”’≦0.005、0<a”’≦0.01、0<α”’+β”’+γ”’≦0.02、0.78≦y1”’<1、0<y2”’≦0.2、y1”’+y2”’+α”’+β”’+γ”’=1である。 - 前記化学式2で、0<β’≦0.003、0<γ’≦0.003、0<α’+β’+γ’≦0.016であり、
前記化学式3で、0<β”≦0.003、0<γ”≦0.003、0<α”+β”+γ”≦0.016であり、
前記化学式4で、0<β”’≦0.003、0<γ”’≦0.003、0<α”’+β”’+γ”’≦0.016である、請求項8に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の平均粒径(D50)は、0.1μmないし20μmである、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物が表面に配されたリン含有化合物を含むコーティング層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リン含有化合物は、下記化学式5で表される化合物を含む、請求項11に記載の正極活物質:
(化学式5)
LiaPbOc
0<a≦3、0<b≦1及び0<c≦4である。 - 前記コーティング層は、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の少なくとも一部を覆うように配された、請求項11に記載の正極活物質。
- Li元素含有化合物、Na元素含有化合物、W元素含有化合物、Mg元素含有化合物、Ti元素含有化合物、M元素含有化合物及びS元素含有化合物を混合し、リチウム遷移金属酸化物前駆体を得る段階と、
前記前駆体を熱処理して下記化学式1で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質を得る段階と、を含む、正極活物質の製造方法:
(化学式1)
Li1-xNaxM1-(α+β+γ)WαMgβTiγO2-aSa
前記化学式1で、
Mは、W、Mg、Ti、Na及びSを除くアルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素、遷移金属元素、準金属元素及び非金属元素のうちから選択された1種以上の元素であり、
0<x≦0.01、0<α≦0.01、0<β≦0.005、0<γ≦0.005、0<a≦0.01、0<α+β+γ≦0.02である。 - 前記混合段階は、機械的混合する段階を含む、請求項14に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理段階は、第1熱処理段階及び第2熱処理段階を含み、
前記第1熱処理段階の熱処理温度は、前記第2熱処理段階の熱処理温度より高い、請求項14に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1ないし13のうちいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極と、
電解質と、を含む、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記リチウム二次電池は、100回充放電後の容量維持率が90%以上である、請求項17に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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