JP2023501775A - 正極片及びその製造方法と使用 - Google Patents
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical group CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002993 LiMnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 LiNi1-α-βCoαMnβO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006257 cathode slurry Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910014336 LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014446 LiNi1−x-yCoxMnyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014825 LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F210/08—Butenes
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
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Abstract
Description
前記正極活物質、前記ポリマー、前記導電剤及び溶媒を混合して正極スラリーを得ることと、
前記正極スラリーを集電体に塗工して前記正極片を得ることとを含む。
(1)正極片の製造
正極片は集電体と、集電体に形成された活物質層とを含み、活物質層は正極活物質、粘着剤及び導電剤を含んだ。前記正極活物質はLiNi8CoMnO2(NCM811)であり、前記導電剤はカーボンブラックとカーボンチューブの組合せを用い、前記粘着剤は下記構造のポリマーであり、ポリマーにおけるaセグメントの含有量は30wt%であり、ポリマー重量平均分子量は80万であった。
黒鉛、導電剤SP(超電導カーボンブラック)、CMC(カルボキシメチルセルロース)ガム液(水及びCMCから調製された)、及び水を混合してから、SBR(スチレンブタジエンゴム)粘着剤を加えて混合した後に負極スラリーを作成した。負極スラリーを銅箔に塗工して乾燥、ロールカットによって負極片を得た。
上記正極極片、負極極片とセパレータを積層してベアセルを作成し、AlタブとNiタブをそれぞれ超音波溶接で溶接した後、アルミプラスチックフィルムに入れ、液体注入して一定時間静置した後に封口した。高温及び常温で静置して熟成した後、電池セルを化成してリチウムイオン電池を得ることができった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、正極片における正極活物質がLiNi6Co2Mn2O2(NCM622)であることにあった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、ポリマーにおけるaセグメントの含有量が35wt%であることにあった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、ポリマー重量平均分子量が10万であることにあった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、正極スラリーにおいて正極活物質、粘着剤、導電剤及び溶媒の質量比が70.5:1.8:1.7:26であることにあった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、粘着剤がPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)であることにあった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、ポリマーにおけるaセグメントの含有量が60wt%であることにあった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、ポリマーにおけるaセグメントの含有量が10wt%であることにあった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、ポリマー重量平均分子量が5万であることにあった。
実施例1との区別は、ステップ(1)において、正極スラリーにおいて正極活物質、粘着剤、導電剤及び溶媒の質量比が70.5:3:1.7:24.8であることにあった。
テスト結果を表2に示し、データから、ポリマーの重量平均分子量が小さすぎると、正極スラリーを集電体に塗工した後に正極片の粘着力が悪く、粘着剤の重量平均分子量が10~100万であると、正極活物質と集電体の間の効果的な接着を確保できることが分かった。
テスト温度は25℃であり、充放電倍率は1C/1Cであり、テスト結果を表3に示した。表3のデータから、ポリマーにおけるaセグメント含有量が多すぎるか、又は使用量が大きすぎると、いずれも電池のインピーダンスの増加につながり、つまり、ポリマーにおけるaセグメントの含有量及び粘着剤の使用量はいずれも適切にする必要があり、そうしないと、インピーダンスが大きく、電池の直流充放電過程に測定された抵抗が高いことが分かった。
金属溶出量テストの方法は、電池を空になるまで放電し、負極片を取り外し、銅箔上の負極材料を掻き取り、ICPテストを行った。
高温サイクルの条件は、サイクル温度が45℃であり、充放電倍率が1C/1Cであり、サイクルカットオフ電圧が2.5~4.3Vであることであった。
Claims (16)
- 前記ポリマーにおけるaセグメントの含有量は15~50wt%である、請求項1に記載の正極片。
- 前記ポリマーにおけるaセグメントの含有量は25~40wt%である、請求項2に記載の正極片。
- 前記ポリマーにおけるaセグメントの含有量は30~35wt%である、請求項3に記載の正極片。
- 前記ポリマーの重量平均分子量は10万~100万である、請求項2~4のいずれか一項に記載の正極片。
- 前記ポリマーは、アクリロニトリル、1,3-ブタジエン及び1-ブテンセグメントを含むアルカンにより重合して得られる、請求項2~5のいずれか一項に記載の正極片。
- 前記活物質層を形成するための正極スラリーにおいて、前記ポリマーの添加量は1~2wt%である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の正極片。
- 前記正極スラリーにおいて、前記正極活物質、前記粘着剤、前記導電剤及び溶媒の質量比は(70~80):(1~2):(1~2):(20~30)であり、前記粘着剤は前記ポリマーである、請求項7に記載の正極片。
- 前記正極活物質は、LiCoO2、LiNi1-α-βCoαMnβO2、LiMn2O4、LiMnO2、Li2MnO4、Li2Mn1-αO4、LiCo1-αMαO2及びLiMn2-βMβO4から選ばれる少なくとも一種であり、ただし、MはNi、Co、Mn、Al、Cr、Mg、Zr、Mo、V、Ti、B、F及びYから選ばれる少なくとも一種であり、αの取り得る値の範囲は0~1、βの取り得る値の範囲は0~1である、請求項1又は8に記載の正極片。
- 前記正極活物質におけるコバルト含有量は0~20wt%である、請求項1、8又は9に記載の正極片。
- 前記導電剤は、黒鉛、グラフェン、導電性カーボンブラック及びカーボンナノチューブから選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項9又は10に記載の正極片。
- 前記溶媒はN-メチルピロリドン及び/又はN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドである、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の正極片。
- 前記集電体はアルミニウム箔であり、前記集電体の厚みは10~13μmである、請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載の正極片。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の正極片の製造方法であって、
正極スラリーを得るように前記正極活物質、前記ポリマー、前記導電剤及び溶媒を混合することと、
前記正極片を得るように前記正極スラリーを集電体に塗工することとを含む、方法。 - 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の正極片又は請求項14に記載の製造方法を用いて得られた正極片を含む、リチウム電池。
- 請求項15に記載のリチウム電池を含む、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
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