JP2023500945A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法およびこれにより製造された正極活物質 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法およびこれにより製造された正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023500945A JP2023500945A JP2022526467A JP2022526467A JP2023500945A JP 2023500945 A JP2023500945 A JP 2023500945A JP 2022526467 A JP2022526467 A JP 2022526467A JP 2022526467 A JP2022526467 A JP 2022526467A JP 2023500945 A JP2023500945 A JP 2023500945A
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- lithium
- positive electrode
- transition metal
- metal oxide
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Links
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、高含量のニッケルを含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に水分を含湿することで、前記水分と高含量のニッケルを含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在するリチウム副生成物との反応によりリチウム遷移金属酸化物と電解液との副反応を抑制することができる保護層(passivation layer)を形成することができることを見出し、発明を完成するに至った。
Li1+a[Ni1-x-y-wCoxM1 yM2 w]1-aO2
0≦a≦0.5、0≦x≦0.4、0≦y≦0.4、0≦w≦0.1である。
また、本発明は、上述の方法により製造され、リチウム以外の金属の総モル数に対して60モル%以上のニッケルを含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に位置し、岩塩構造を有し、炭酸リチウムを含む保護層とを含み、前記保護層は、リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在するリチウム副生成物と表面に含湿された水分が反応して形成される正極活物質を提供する。
また、本発明は、上述の正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供する。
また、本発明は、前記正極を含む電気化学素子を製造することができる。前記電気化学素子は、具体的には、電池、キャパシタなどであることができ、より具体的には、リチウム二次電池であることができる。
実施例1
LiNi0.65Co0.15Mn0.20O2で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、恒温恒湿器を用いて、23℃、相対湿度60%の条件で3時間300ppmの水分を含湿させた後、800℃で7時間熱処理して、厚さ13nmの保護層が形成された正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、5時間450ppmの水分を含湿させて厚さ20nmの保護層を形成する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
LiNi0.65Co0.15Mn0.20O2で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を正極活物質として使用した。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、200ppmの水分を含湿させ、熱処理は行っていない以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、1,000ppmの水分を含湿させ、熱処理は行っていない以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、1,200ppmの水分を含湿させ、熱処理は行っていない以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
前記実施例1、2および比較例1~3でそれぞれ製造した正極活物質の表面に存在する保護層を確認するために、走査電子顕微鏡を用いて正極活物質の表面を観察し、これを下記図1~図5にそれぞれ示した。
前記実施例1、2および比較例1~4の正極活物質の熱安定性を評価するために、示差走査熱量計(Sensys evo DSC、SETARAM Instrumentation社製)を用いて熱流量を測定し、その結果を図6および下記表1に示した。
実施例1、2および比較例1~4で製造した正極活物質を用いて、二次電池を製造し、前記実施例1、2および比較例1~4の正極活物質を含む二次電池それぞれに対して、連続充電特性を評価した。
Claims (11)
- リチウム以外の金属の総モル数に対して60モル%以上のニッケルを含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物を準備するステップと、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して300ppm~1,000ppmの水分を含湿させるステップと、
前記水分が含湿されたリチウム遷移金属酸化物を熱処理するステップとを含み、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在するリチウム副生成物と前記水分が反応して、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に保護層が形成される、正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記水分を含湿させるステップは、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して300ppm~500ppmの水分を含湿させる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記保護層は、炭酸リチウムを含む、請求項1または2に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式1で表され、
[化学式1]
Li1+a[Ni1-x-y-wCoxM1 yM2 w]1-aO2
前記化学式1中、
M1は、MnおよびAlから選択される一つ以上を含み、
M2は、Ba、Ca、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta、NbおよびMoから選択される一つ以上を含み、
0≦a≦0.5、0≦x≦0.4、0≦y≦0.4、0≦w≦0.1である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在するリチウム副生成物は、Li2O、LiOH、およびLi2CO3から選択される一つ以上を含む、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理は、500℃~900℃で3時間~15時間行われる、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理により、前記保護層が層状構造から岩塩構造に変移する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- リチウム以外の金属の総モル数に対して60モル%以上のニッケルを含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に位置し、岩塩構造を有し、炭酸リチウムを含む保護層とを含み、
前記保護層は、リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在するリチウム副生成物とリチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に含湿された水分が反応して形成されている、正極活物質。 - 前記保護層は、5nm~30nmの厚さを有する、請求項8に記載の正極活物質。
- 請求項8または9に記載の正極活物質を含む、リチウム二次電池用正極。
- 請求項10に記載の正極を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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