JP2022512131A - 機能化酵素駆動ナノモーター - Google Patents
機能化酵素駆動ナノモーター Download PDFInfo
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- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y305/00—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
- C12Y305/01005—Urease (3.5.1.5)
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で提供されるデータから、当業者であれば、本発明のナノモーターおよび薬学的組成物が、代謝性、神経性、および炎症性疾患などの他の疾患の治療にも有用であり得ることを理解するであろう。
1.1.方法
材料
エタノール(EtOH、99%)、メタノール(MeOH、99%)、塩酸(水中37%)、水酸化アンモニウム(水中25%)、テトラエチルオルトシリケート(TEOS、99%)、トリエタノールアミン(TEOA、99%)、臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム(CTAB、99%)、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(APTES、99%)、グルタルアルデヒド(GA、水中25%)、ウレアーゼ(Canavalia ensiformis、タイプIX、粉末、50,000-100,000ユニット/g固体)、ウレアーゼ活性アッセイキット(Sigma-Aldrich)、尿素(99.9%)、グリセロール(99%)、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム粉末(NaBH4、98.0%)、ホルムアルデヒド溶液(水中37%)、ウシ血清アルブミン(凍結乾燥粉末)、4-ニトロフェノール溶液(10mM)、塩化ナトリウムpuriss.(NaCl)、無水塩化カリウム(KCI)、一塩基性リン酸ナトリウム(NaH2PO4)、重炭酸ナトリウムBioXtra(99.5-100.5%、NaHCO3)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO、99.9%)、およびHS-PEG5K-NH2(HCI塩)は、Sigma-Aldrichから購入した。Pierce(商標).BCAタンパク質アッセイキット、小麦胚芽凝集素(WGA AlexaFluor(商標)647コンジュゲート)、ヤギ抗マウスIgG(H+L)Alexa FluorTM 488コンジュゲート、3-(4,5-ジメチルチアゾール-2-イル)-2,5-ジフェニルテトラゾリウム臭化物(MTT)、およびリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)は、Thermo Fisher Scientificから購入した。Matrigel(商標)基底マトリックスは、Corningから購入した。抗FGFR3抗体(ab89660)は、Abcamから購入した。Hoechst 33342は、Life Sciencesから購入した。Spectra/Por(登録商標)7標準RC前処理済み透析チュービング(3.5kD)は、Spectrumから購入した。Cyanine3 NHSエステルは、Lumiprobeから購入した。McCoyの5A(改変)培地、ペニシリンストレプトマイシン溶液、ウシ胎児血清(FBS)、およびトリプシン0.5%EDTAは、Gibcoから購入した。LIVE/DEAD(登録商標)生存率/細胞毒性キットは、Invitrogenから購入した。ヒト膀胱移行上皮乳頭腫RT4細胞は、ATCC(Rockville、MA)から入手した。
透過電子顕微鏡法(TEM)画像は、JEOL JEM-2100顕微鏡を使用して捕捉した。走査電子顕微鏡法(SEM)画像は、10kVでFEI NOVA NanoSEM 230を使用して捕捉した。流体力学的半径および電気泳動移動度の測定は、Atlasセル加圧システムと組み合わせたWyatt Mobiusを使用して行った。Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)分析は、Micromeritics Tristar II Plus自動分析装置を使用して実施した。光学ビデオおよび細胞培養イメージングは、63倍水浸対物レンズ、ガルボステージ、ならびにFITC、ローダミン、DAPI、およびCY5用のフィルターキューブを備えた倒立光学顕微鏡(Leica DMi8)を使用して行った。タンパク質定量化および酵素活性アッセイは、Infinite M200 PRO Multimode Microplate Readerを使用して実施した。共焦点顕微鏡法分析は、63倍油浸対物レンズを備えたLSM 800-Zeissを使用して行った。
MSD(Δt)=<(x_i(t+Δt)-x_i(t))^2>、2D分析についてi=2
完全メソポーラスシリカナノ粒子(MSNP)は、ゾルゲル化学を使用して調製し、臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム(CTAB)をポロゲン剤として使用し、トリエタノールアミン(TEOA)を塩基触媒として使用した。調製されたMSNPは、走査電子顕微鏡法(SEM)によって特徴付けられた。SEM分析は、試料の良好な単分散性(多分散性指数=0.114)および481±2nmの平均直径(N=150、平均サイズ±平均の標準誤差(SE))を明らかにした。さらに、MSNPの多孔質構造を透過電子顕微鏡法によって評価した。明確な放射孔性がTEMによって証明された。この結晶構成は、多孔質パターンの周期性を示した、高速フーリエ変換によってさらに確認された。ナノ粒子の表面積は、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller分析(BET)法を使用して、窒素吸着/脱着を行うことによって研究された。MSNPは、メソポーラスシリカ構造に典型的な、IV型等温線、および2nmの平均孔径で、1184.8m2/gのBET比表面積を示した。
(NH2)2CO+H2O→CO2+2 NH3
MSD(Δt)=4 DeΔt
式中、Deは有効拡散係数を表し、Δtは時間間隔を表す。
NH3+HCI→NH4CI
この濃度のナノモーターでは、到達した最大アンモニア出力は、17mMであることがわかり、これは膀胱癌スフェロイドに対して生体適合性であることがわかった(20mMのアンモニアについて>70%生存率)。それにもかかわらず、ナノモーターおよび尿素とのインキュベーション後、観察された細胞毒性効果は、遊離アンモニアよりも強い。この結果は、スフェロイドの近くのナノモーターによる局所的に高濃度のアンモニアの生成から生じ得、よって、より高い細胞毒性につながる。
PEGが、凝集を防止する立体障害およびナノモーターの表面上の特定の膀胱癌抗体(抗FGFR3)を接続するリンカーの両方として作用する、PEGを含むウレアーゼ駆動ナノモーターが開発された。ナノモーターは、抗体ありおよびなしで、膀胱に見られる様々な濃度の尿素での模擬尿中の強化された拡散を示し、これはこの臓器における生物医学的用途でのそれらの使用を可能にすることができる。私は、従来の2D培養物と比較される場合、より良好な模倣腫瘍環境であると考えられる、ヒト膀胱癌細胞(3D培養物)に由来するスフェロイドを使用して、これらの酵素ナノモーターの基質依存性誘導毒性を実証した。内在化現象は、膀胱排尿間隔と同様の期間で監視され、能動的運動がナノモーター浸透を3倍強化することが観察された。さらに、活性抗体修飾ナノモーターは、抗体なしの活性ナノモーターよりも4倍高い内在化効率を示し、これはスフェロイドに浸透する活性粒子の能力に対する自己推進および標的化の影響を反映した。スフェロイドについての細胞増殖研究は、標的化ナノモーターがベアナノモーター(抗体なし)よりも高い生存率の損失を誘導することを示し、細胞増殖の抑制およびより高いナノモーター内在化率の両方に起因し得る抗FGFR3の治療効果を示した。これらの結果は、粒子の標的化能力が能動的運動で強化され、抗FGFR3抗体の治療効果の改善をもたらすため、標的化膀胱癌療法におけるツールとしてのそのような抗体修飾ナノモーターの可能性を示す。
2.1.材料および方法
化学品
未修飾およびフルオロフォアタグ付きDNAオリゴヌクレオチドは、IBA GmBH(Gottingen、Germany)によって合成および精製され(HPLC精製)、さらなる精製なしに使用された。DNA構築物の配列を以下に報告する。
pH応答性DNAナノスイッチ
(配列表1)
アミノ修飾DNA足場
5’-GACAGACAGACAGACAAGGA-NH2-3’
対照スイッチ
(配列表2)
すべてのDNAオリゴマーは、1×PBS中で保存した(100μM)。
蛍光測定は、Cary Eclipse Fluorimeter(Varian)で行い、励起波長をλex=530nm(slitex=5nm)および取得を540~700nm(slitem=5nm)に設定し、低減した体積(100μL)の石英キュベットを使用した。すべての測定は、10mMのHEPESにおいてT=25℃で行った。スイッチは、まず1μMの濃度でHEPES 10mMに希釈した。次いで、このストック溶液を同じバッファーで20nMに希釈し、そのpHを所望の値(pH5.0~9.0)に調整した。
レシオメトリックFRETは、以下のように計算された。
式中、FCy5は、Cy5の最大蛍光発光(λem=670nm)であり、FCy3は、Cy3の最大蛍光発光(λem=570nm)である。Rat.FRET対ヒドロニウムイオン濃度をプロットし、データを以下のラングミュアタイプの式で当てはめることによって、pH滴定曲線を得た。
式中、Rat.FRETTRIPLEXおよびRat.FRETDUPLEXは、それぞれ、三重鎖状態(閉)および二重鎖状態(開)におけるスイッチのFRETシグナルを表し、[H+]は、水素イオンの総濃度を表し、
ポリスチレン(PS)をベースとする市販の2μm粒子(Sigma-Aldrichカタログ番号78452)を、以前に報告された共縮合法(Ref.Ma Xing ACS Nano 2016)によって二酸化ケイ素シェルに使用した。簡潔には、250μLのポリスチレン粒子(ストック溶液、10%固体)を0.5mLの99%エタノール(Panreac Applichemカタログ番号131086-1214)、0.4mLのMilli-Q水、および25ulの水酸化アンモニウム(Sigma-Aldrichカタログ番号221228)と混合した。混合物を室温(RT)で5分間撹拌した。次いで、2.5μLの3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(APTES)99%(Sigma-Aldrichカタログ番号440140)を溶液に添加し、これを撹拌しながら室温で6時間インキュベートした。次に、7.5μlのテトラエチルオルトシリケート(TEOS)≧99%(Sigma-Aldrichカタログ番号86578)を添加し、得られた混合物を磁気撹拌下、室温で一晩反応させた。二酸化ケイ素シェルでコーティングされたポリスチレンからなる得られたマイクロ粒子を、3500rpmで3.5分間遠心分離することによって、エタノール中で3回洗浄した。次いで、ポリスチレンコアを、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)≧99.8%(Acros Organicsカタログ番号423640010)中で15分間、4回の洗浄を行うことによって粒子をインキュベートすることによって除去した。得られたマイクロカプセルをエタノール中で3回洗浄し、それらの使用まで室温で保存した。マイクロカプセルのサイズおよび形態を特徴付けるために、走査電子顕微鏡法(SEM)(FEI NOVA NanoSEM 230)および透過電子顕微鏡法を実施した。
中空シリカマイクロカプセルは、ウレアーゼで機能化されて、自己推進を備えた。このために、SiO2マイクロカプセルを、3500rpmで3.5分間遠心分離することによってMilli-Qで3回洗浄した。その後、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS、pH=7.4)(Thermo Fischer Scientificカタログ番号70011-036)中でのさらに3回の洗浄を行った。次いで、マイクロカプセルを、PBS中の2.5%(重量)グルタルアルデヒド溶液(Sigma-Aldrichカタログ番号G6257)に懸濁させ、エンドツーエンド混合下室温で3時間放置した。GA機能化粒子をPBS1×中で3回洗浄し、PBS中の、200μg/mlのCanavalia ensiformis(タチナタマメ)由来のウレアーゼ(Sigma-Aldrichカタログ番号U4002)、および1μMのDNA足場を含有する溶液に懸濁させた。得られた溶液を、2時間エンドツーエンド混合下に保持した。次いで、3回の洗浄をPBS中で行い、機能化粒子をそれらの使用まで4℃で保持した。
マイクロモーターは、63倍水浸対物レンズおよび浜松カメラを備えた倒立光学顕微鏡(Leica DMi8)下で、毎秒25フレームの割合で20秒間記録された。各条件について、少なくとも15個の粒子が記録された。マイクロモーター軌道は、以下の式を適用することによって、モーターのMSDおよび速度を計算することを可能にしたカスタムメイドのPhytonベースのコードによって分析した。
MSD(Δt)=<(xi(t+Δt)-xi(t))2>(1)
MSDを式1に当てはめることによって、速度を求めた。
酵素活性は、ウレアーゼ活性によるアンモニア生成を測定する比色アッセイであるBarthelot法に基づく、Urease Activity Kit(Sigma-Aldrich)を使用して、製造業者の指示に従うことによって測定された。まず、マイクロモーターを100mMの尿素とインキュベートした。次いで、異なる時点で、製造業者の指示に従って酵素反応を停止させた。その後、測定による粒子の干渉を回避するために、試料を3500rpmで3.5分間遠心分離した。各試料からの上清を収集し、670nmで吸光度を測定して、ウレアーゼ活性を決定した。
表面上にアミン基を有する中空シリカマイクロカプセルは、図5Aに示されるように、以前に報告された共縮合法(Ma,X.et al.,“Motion Control of Urea-Powered Biocompatible Hollow Microcapsules”,ACS Nano,2016,vol.10(3),pp.3597-3605)に従って、シリカ前駆体として3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(APTES)およびテトラエチルオルトシリケート(TEOS)を使用して2μmの
(記号1)
市販ポリスチレンマイクロ粒子上でのSiO2シェルの成長、続いてジメチルホルムアミドによるポリスチレンコアの除去に基づいて合成された。
MSD(Δt)=<(xi(t+Δt)-xi(t))2>(1)
式中、2D分析についてi=2である。尿素基質の添加後、MSDは放物形を示し、これは活性マイクロ粒子の推進レジームに対応する。
MSD(t)=4Dtt+v2t2 (2)
式中、Dt=拡散係数、v=速度、およびt=時間である。
本明細書で提供されるデータは、DNA技術を生体触媒マイクロスイマーと組み合わせて、それらの周囲の環境を検出しながら同時に自己推進することができる能動的でスマートなシステムを生成する可能性を示す。燃料の存在下でのそれらの活性化後のマイクロモーターの表面周辺のpH変化の正確で定量的な分析は、pH感受性DNAナノスイッチおよび共焦点顕微鏡法によるFRETイメージングの使用を通して達成した。マイクロモーターの局所的pH変化および運動ダイナミクスは、30秒、2分、および10分で燃料の存在下で同時に分析された。速度が指数関数的に低減される間、pHは継続的に増加し、酵素活性ではなく他の因子がマイクロモーターの自己推進に影響を及ぼし得ることを示す。
引用リスト
Patino T.et al.,“Influence of Enzyme Quantity and Distribution on the Self-Propulsion of Non-Janus Urease-Powered Micromotors”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2018,vol.140(25),pp.7896-7903.
Ma,X.et al.,“Motion Control of Urea-Powered Biocompatible Hollow Microcapsules”,ACS Nano,2016,vol.10(3),pp.3597-3605.
Patton,C.J.et al.,“Spectrophotometric and Kinetics Investigation of the Berthelot Reaction for the Determination of Ammonia”,Anal.Chem.,1977,vol.49,pp.464-469.
Campuzano S.et al.,“Motion-driven sensing and biosensing using electrochemically propelled nanomotors”,Analyst.2011,vol.36(22),pp.4621-30
Altschul et al.,“Basic local alignment search tool”,1990,J.Mol.Biol,v.215,pages 403-410
Higgins et al.,“CLUSTAL V:improved software for multiple sequence alignment”,1992,CABIOS,vol.8(2),pp.189-191
Inman et al.,“The impact of temperature and urinary constituents on urine viscosity and its relevance to bladder hyperthermia treatment”,Int J Hyperthermia,2013,vol.29(3),pp.206-10
Xing MA et al.,“Motion Control of Urea-Powered Biocompatible Hollow Microcapsules”,ACS Nano.,2016,vol.10(3),pp.3597-605.
Ana C.et al.,“Enzyme-Powered Nanobots Enhance Anticancer Drug Delivery”,Advanced Functional Materials,2017,vol.28(25).
Claims (16)
- -表面を有する粒子と、
-酵素と、
-異種分子と、を含み、
前記酵素および前記異種分子が、前記粒子の前記表面全体にかけて不連続に付着していることを特徴とする、酵素駆動ナノモーター。 - 前記粒子が、ナノ粒子またはマイクロ粒子である、請求項1に記載のナノモーター。
- 前記粒子が、金属、金属酸化物、ポリマー、脂質、タンパク質、細胞膜、細胞体、炭素質材料、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される材料で作製される、請求項1~2のいずれかに記載のナノモーター。
- 前記粒子が、メソポーラスシリカで作製される、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のナノモーター。
- 前記酵素が、グルコースオキシダーゼ、尿素、カタラーゼ、グルタミン酸オキシダーゼ、キサンチンオキシダーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、ビリルビンオキシダーゼ、リパーゼ、プロテアーゼ、ヘキソキナーゼ、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ、およびトリプシンからなる群から選択される、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のナノモーター。
- 前記酵素が、ウレアーゼである、請求項5に記載のナノモーター。
- 前記異種分子が、標的化分子、標識分子、ナノセンサー、および分子ゲートからなる群から選択される、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のナノモーター。
- 前記標的化分子が、抗体である、請求項7に記載のナノモーター。
- 前記ナノセンサーが、DNAナノスイッチである、請求項7に記載のナノモーター。
- カーゴをさらに含む、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のナノモーター。
- 治療有効量の請求項1~10のいずれかに定義されるナノモーターと、薬学的に許容される賦形剤および/または担体と、を含む、薬学的組成物。
- 療法、診断、または予後における使用のための、請求項1~10のいずれかに定義されるナノモーター、または請求項11に定義される薬学的組成物。
- 癌の治療における使用のためのものである、請求項12に記載の使用のためのナノモーターまたは薬学的組成物。
- 前記癌が、膀胱癌である、請求項13に記載の使用のためのナノモーターまたは薬学的組成物。
- -請求項1~10のいずれかに定義されるナノモーターまたは請求項11に定義される薬学的組成物と、
-その使用のための説明書と、を含む、キットオブパーツ。 - 請求項1~10のいずれかに定義されるナノモーターを試料と接触させることを含む、単離された前記試料中の分析物を検出するインビトロ方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18382896.1A EP3663257A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2018-12-05 | Functionalized enzyme-powered nanomotors |
EP18382896.1 | 2018-12-05 | ||
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CN114225041B (zh) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-06-11 | 南开大学 | 一种非对称结构纳米材料及其制备方法及其应用 |
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WO2023130537A1 (zh) * | 2022-01-04 | 2023-07-13 | 雷艳丽 | 一种自主驱动的生物分子马达和生物分子马达毛丝 |
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WO2023140717A1 (ko) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-07-27 | (주)화이바이오메드 | Sting 길항제가 충진된 요소분해효소 추진 나노모터 기반 방광암 면역 치료제 |
CN114432459B (zh) * | 2022-02-15 | 2024-02-23 | 吉林大学 | 一种过氧化物纳米酶-葡萄糖氧化酶双酶复合物、制备方法及其应用 |
CN114699388B (zh) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-05-30 | 成都医学院 | 靶向治疗深部肿瘤的仿生纳米药物载体及其制备方法 |
CN114833337B (zh) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-11-11 | 哈尔滨医科大学 | 一种球形镓镁Janus微粒的制备方法 |
ES2956937A1 (es) * | 2022-05-26 | 2024-01-04 | Univ Valencia Politecnica | Nanoparticulas para su uso en el tratamiento de infecciones causadas por biofilms |
CN116686994B (zh) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-07-05 | 西南交通大学 | 一种仿生矿化制备单分散高存活率益生菌微囊的方法 |
CN117653747B (zh) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-06-04 | 中南大学 | 一种纳米马达复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN118162001B (zh) * | 2024-05-14 | 2024-08-30 | 山东海化集团有限公司 | 一种生物酶催化型马达水悬浮液的制备方法 |
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BR112021010861A2 (pt) | 2021-08-31 |
EP3891094B1 (en) | 2023-09-27 |
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JP7534297B2 (ja) | 2024-08-14 |
CN113840798A (zh) | 2021-12-24 |
MX2021006510A (es) | 2021-10-13 |
CA3120178A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
AU2019394017A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
PL3891094T3 (pl) | 2024-04-02 |
US20220016223A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
CN113840798B (zh) | 2024-07-05 |
HUE065690T2 (hu) | 2024-06-28 |
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WO2020115124A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
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