JP2020533404A - 細胞内送達法 - Google Patents
細胞内送達法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020533404A JP2020533404A JP2020534821A JP2020534821A JP2020533404A JP 2020533404 A JP2020533404 A JP 2020533404A JP 2020534821 A JP2020534821 A JP 2020534821A JP 2020534821 A JP2020534821 A JP 2020534821A JP 2020533404 A JP2020533404 A JP 2020533404A
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- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQTQHPDCURKLKT-JKDPCDLQSA-N vincristine sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C=O)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 AQTQHPDCURKLKT-JKDPCDLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000052613 viral pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000009421 viral pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940053867 xeloda Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940098232 yersinia enterocolitica Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N zanamivir Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](N=C(N)N)C=C(C(O)=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001028 zanamivir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005502 α-amanitin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
1a.
細胞内ペイロード送達法であって、
γカルボキシグルタミン酸成分(GLA成分)に連結されたペイロードを含む分子と細胞を接触させる工程を含み、
前記GLA成分はGLAドメインまたはその活性断片を含むが、GLAタンパク質由来の活性触媒ドメインは含まない、
前記方法。
1b.
γカルボキシグルタミン酸成分(GLA成分)に連結されたペイロードを含む分子であって、
前記GLA成分はGLAドメインまたはその活性断片を含むが、GLAタンパク質由来の活性触媒ドメインは含まない、
細胞内治療および/または細胞内診断で使用される前記分子。
1c.
γカルボキシグルタミン酸成分(GLA成分)に連結されたペイロードを含む分子であって、
前記GLA成分はGLAドメインまたはその活性断片を含むが、GLAタンパク質由来の活性触媒ドメインは含まない、
細胞内治療用且つ/または細胞内診断用の医薬の製造で使用される前記分子。
2.
GLAドメインまたはその活性断片が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、オステオカルシン、マトリックスGLAタンパク質、GAS6、トランスサイレチン(Transthretin)、ペリオスチン、プロリンリッチGLA1、プロリンリッチGLA2、プロリンリッチGLA3、およびプロリンリッチGLA4から独立して選択される、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
3.
GLAドメインまたはその活性断片が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、およびGAS6、例えばプロテインS、から独立して選択され、特に配列番号1に示される配列を含む、第2項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
4.
前記GLA成分がEGFドメイン、例えばカルシウム結合EGFドメイン、をさらに含む、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第3項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
5.
前記EGFドメインが、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、オステオカルシン、マトリックスGLAタンパク質、GAS6、トランスサイレチン(Transthretin)、ペリオスチン、プロリンリッチGLA1、プロリンリッチGLA2、プロリンリッチGLA3、およびプロリンリッチGLA4から選択される、第4項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
6.
前記EGFドメインが、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、およびGAS6、例えばプロテインS、から選択される、第5項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
7.
前記GLA成分が、配列番号6に示される配列またはHisタグを持たないその誘導体、特に配列番号6、を含む、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第6項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
8.
前記GLAドメイン成分がクリングルドメインをさらに含む、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第7項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
9.
前記クリングルドメインが、活性化転写因子2(ATF);第XII因子(F12);トロンビン(F2);ヒアルロナン結合タンパク質2(HABP2);肝細胞増殖因子(HGF);肝細胞増殖因子アクチベーター(HGFAC);Kremenタンパク質1(KREMEN1);KREMEN2;リポ蛋白(a)(LPA);LPAL2;マクロファージ活性化タンパク質(Macrophage-stimulating protein)(MSPまたはMST1);ホスホイノシチド3キナーゼ相互作用タンパク質1(Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-interacting protein 1)(PIK3IP1);組織プラスミノーゲン活性化物質(Tissue plasminogen activator)(PLAT);ウロキナーゼ(PLAU);プラスミン(PLG);PRSS12;膜貫通受容体型チロシンキナーゼROR1(Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1)(ROR1);および膜貫通受容体型チロシンキナーゼROR2(Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR2)(ROR2)を含む群から選択されるタンパク質由来である、第8項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
10.
インビトロで実施される、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第9項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
11.
前記細胞内送達がインビボの細胞に対するものであり、例えば前記GLA成分とペイロードとを含む分子が患者に投与される、第1項〜第9項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
12.
前記細胞が非アポトーシス性である、第1a項、第1b項、第1c項〜第11項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
13.
前記細胞がアポトーシス性であり、例えば、がん細胞、病原体感染細胞(ウイルス感染細胞、細菌感染細胞、または寄生虫感染細胞など)のような異常細胞(diseases cell)である、第1a項、第1b項、第1c項〜第11項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
14.
前記細胞が幹細胞であり、そのような成体幹細胞としては前駆細胞が挙げられる、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第13項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
15.
前記幹細胞が表面マーカーCD34を有する、第14項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
16.
前記幹細胞ががん幹細胞である、第14項または第15項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
17.
前記幹細胞が造血(haemotopoietic)幹細胞、例えば造血(haemotopoietic)がん幹細胞、である、第14項〜第16項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
18.
前記造血幹細胞が非がん性である、第17項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
19.
前記GLA成分がペイロードと複合体形成している、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第18項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
20.
前記ペイロードが、薬剤または生物学的治療薬、例えば、抗ウイルス剤、抗細菌剤、抗寄生虫剤、抗がん剤、抗がん剤治療または化学療法剤、ウイルスまたはウイルスベクター(腫瘍溶解性ウイルスなど)を含む、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第19項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
21.
前記ペイロードが、毒素、高分子(例えば、合成高分子または天然高分子)、生物学的に活性なタンパク質(例えば酵素、他の抗体または抗体フラグメント)、薬剤(小分子(化学成分))、化学療法剤、放射性核種(特に放射性ヨウ化物、放射性同位元素、例えば99mTc)、金属キレート化剤、ナノ粒子、およびレポーター基(蛍光標識もしくは発光標識、またはNMR分光法もしくはESR分光法で検出できる化合物など)を含むから選択される、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第20項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
22.
前記毒素が、アウリスタチン(例えば、MMAE(モノメチルアウリスタチンE)、MMAF(モノメチルアウリスタチンF))、ピロロベンゾジアゼピン(PBD)、ドキソルビシン、デュオカルマイシン、メイタンシノイド(例えば、N2’−デアセチル−N2’−(3−メルカプト−1−オキソプロピル)−メイタンシン(DM1)、N2’−デアセチル−N2’−(4−メルカプト−1−オキソペンチル)−メイタンシン(DM3)、およびN2’−デアセチル−N2’(4−メチル−4−メルカプト−1−オキソペンチル)−メイタンシン(DM4))、カリケアマイシン(calocheamicin)、ドラスタチン、メイタンシン、α−アマニチン、緑膿菌外毒素(PE38)、リシンA鎖、ジフテリア毒素、ヤマゴボウ抗ウイルスタンパク質(PAP)、サポリン、ゲロニン、およびツブリシンから選択される、第21項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
23.
前記化学療法剤が、テモゾロミド、エポシロン類、メルファラン、カルムスチン、ブスルファン、ロムスチン、シクロホスファミド、ダカルバジン、ポリフェプロサン、イホスファミド、クロラムブシル、メクロレタミン、ブスルファン、シクロホスファミド、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン、チオテパ、カペシタビン、ストレプトゾシン、ビカルタミド、フルタミド、ニルタミド、酢酸ロイプロリド、塩酸ドキソルビシン、硫酸ブレオマイシン、塩酸ダウノルビシン、ダクチノマイシン、リポソーム化クエン酸ダウノルビシン、リポソーム化塩酸ドキソルビシン、塩酸エピルビシン、塩酸イダルビシン、マイトマイシン、ドキソルビシン、バルルビシン、アナストロゾール、クエン酸トレミフェン、シタラビン、フルオロウラシル、フルダラビン、フロクスウリジン、インターフェロンα−2b、プリカマイシン、メルカプトプリン、メトトレキサート、インターフェロンα−2a、酢酸メドロキシプロゲステロン、リン酸エストラムスチンナトリウム、エストラジオール、酢酸ロイプロリド、酢酸メゲストロール、酢酸オクトレオチド、ジエチルスチルベストロール(deithylstilbestrol)二リン酸、テストラクトン、酢酸ゴセレリン、リン酸エトポシド、硫酸ビンクリスチン、エトポシド、ビンブラスチン、エトポシド、硫酸ビンクリスチン、テニポシド、トラスツズマブ、ゲムツズマブオゾガマイシン、リツキシマブ、エキセメスタン、塩酸イリノテカン(irinotecan hydrocholride)、アスパラギナーゼ、塩酸ゲムシタビン、アルトレタミン、塩酸トポテカン、ヒドロキシ尿素、クラドリビン、ミトタン、塩酸プロカルバジン、酒石酸ビノレルビン、ペントスタチンナトリウム(pentrostatin sodium)、ミトキサントロン、ペガスパルガーゼ、デニロイキンジフチトクス(denileukin diftitix)、アリトレチノイン(altretinoin)、ポルフィマー、ベキサロテン、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、三酸化ヒ素、トレチノイン、およびこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、第20項または第21項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
24.
前記化学療法剤が、アルキル化剤、代謝拮抗剤(チミジル酸合成酵素阻害剤を含む)、タキサン、アントラサイクリン、微小管阻害剤(植物性アルカロイドを含む)、およびこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、第20項〜第23項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
25.
前記化学療法剤が、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、アブラキサン、カバジタキセル(carbazitaxel)、これらのうちいずれか1つの誘導体、および上記のいずれかの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、第24項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
26.
前記アルキル化剤が、ナイトロジェンマスタード、ニトロソ尿素、テトラジン、アジリジン、プラチナ製剤およびその誘導体、非古典的アルキル化剤、並びにこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、第24項または第25項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
27.
前記プラチナ製剤が、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン、オキサリプラチン、サトラプラチン、ピコプラチン、ネダプラチン、トリプラチン、リポプラチン、およびこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、第26項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
28.
前記アルキル化(alkylating)が、葉酸代謝拮抗剤(例えば、メトトレキサートおよびペメトレキセド)、プリン類似体(例えば、チオプリン類、例えば、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、チオプリン、フルダラビン(リン酸エステル形態を含む)、ペントスタチン、およびクラドリビン)、ピリミジン類似体(例えば、フルオロピリミジン、例えば、5−フルオロウラシル、およびそのプロドラッグ、例えばカペシタビン[Xeloda(登録商標)])、フロクスウリジン、ゲムシタビン、シタラビン、デシタビン、ラルチトレキセド(トムデックス)塩酸塩、クラドリビン、および6−アザウラシル、並びにこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される代謝拮抗剤である、第24項〜第27項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
29.
前記アントラサイクリンが、ダウノルビシン(ダウノマイシン)、ダウノルビシン(リポソーム化)、ドキソルビシン(アドリアマイシン)、ドキソルビシン(リポソーム化)、エピルビシン、イダルビシン、ミトキサントロン、およびこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択され、特にドキソルビシンである、第23項〜第28項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
30.
前記薬剤が、例えば、トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤、PARP阻害剤、およびこれらの 以上の組み合わせから選択される抗がん剤である、第20項〜第29項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
31.
前記抗がん剤治療が、例えば、Y−90、P−32、I−131、In−111、Sr−89、Re−186、Sm−153、Sn−117m、およびこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される放射性核種である、第20項〜第30項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
32.
前記GLA成分とペイロードとを含む分子をがん患者に投与することを含む、第1a項、第1b項、または第1c項〜第31項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
33.
前記がんが上皮がんであり、例えば、結腸直腸がん、精巣がん、肝臓がん、胆道がん、グリア芽腫、メラノーマ、前立腺がん、膵がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、子宮頸がん、子宮がん、胃がん、食道がん、甲状腺がん、腎がん、膀胱がん、脳がん、頭頚部がん、もしくは肺がんである、または、前記がんが血液のがんであり、例えば、白血病、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、および慢性骨髄増殖性疾患であり、例えばAML、ALL、CML、およびCLLであり得る、第32項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
34.
前記薬剤が抗ウイルス剤、抗寄生虫剤、または抗菌剤である、第20項〜第33項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
35.
抗菌剤が、ペニシリン、セファロスポリン、カルバペネム類、ポリミキシン、リファマイシン、リピアルマイシン、キノロン、スルホンアミド、マクロライド、リンコマイシン、テトラサイクリン、アミノグリコシド、環状リポペプチド(ダプトマイシンなど)、グリシルサイクリン類(チゲサイクリンなど)、オキサゾリジノン類(リネゾリドなど)、およびリピアルマイシン類(フィダキソマイシンなど)から選択される、第34項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
36.
アシネトバクター(多剤耐性アシネトバクターを含む)、カンジダ(フルコナゾール耐性カンジダを含む);カンピロバクター(カンピロバクター・ジェジュニ(Campylobacter jejuni)、カンピロバクター・コリ(Campylobacter coli)、およびこれらのうちのいずれか1つの薬剤耐性型;クラミジア(Clamidia);ボツリヌス菌(Clostridium botulinum);クロストリジウム・ディフィシル(Clostridium difficile);シトロバクター;腸内細菌科(カルバペネム耐性腸内細菌科および広域スペクトル腸内細菌科(extended spectrum Enterobacteriaceae)を含み、特に、エンテロバクター、大腸菌(Escherichia coli)、クレブシエラ、プロテウス、サルモネラ(非チフスサルモネラおよびチフス菌、並びにこれらのうちいずれか1つの薬剤耐性型)、セラチア、赤痢菌(この薬剤耐性型を含む)、ペスト菌(Yersinia persitis))、エンテロコッカス(バンコマイシン耐性エンテロコッカスを含む);淋病(淋菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)を含む);リステリア菌(Listeria moncytogenes);ヒト型結核菌(これらの薬剤耐性型を含む);シュードモナス(緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)を含み、特に、この多剤耐性型);ブドウ球菌属(例えば、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcous Aureus)、特に、これらのうちいずれか1つのメチシリン耐性型)、連鎖球菌(肺炎連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pneumonia)(特に薬剤耐性肺炎連鎖球菌)に起因する、蜂巣炎、毛包炎、膿痂疹、せつ(boil)、および肺炎など);梅毒;並びにビブリオから選択される細菌感染症に対して、前記GLA成分とペイロードとを含む分子を患者に投与することを含む、第34項または第35項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
37.
前記抗菌剤が、ピラジンアミド、エタンブトール、リファブチン、カナマイシン、アミカシン、カプレオマイシン、ストレプトマイシン(streptomoycin)、レボフロキサシン、モキシフロキサシン、オフロキサシン、パラアミノサリチル酸(para-aminosalicyclic)、シクロセリン、テリジドン、チオナミド、プロチオナミド、クロファジミン、リネゾリド、アモキシシリン/クラブラン酸(clavuanate)、チオアセタゾン、イミペネム/シラスタチン、高用量イソニアジド、クラリスロマイシン、およびこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、第34項〜第36項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
38.
前記GLA成分とペイロードとを含む分子を、結核が耐性を有している患者を含む結核患者に投与することを含む、第37項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
39.
前記患者が潜伏結核患者を有する、第38項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
40.
前記患者が活動性結核患者を有する、第39項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
41.
前記TB患者が合併性、例えば寄生虫感染症および/またはウイルス感染症、を有する、請求項38〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
42.
前記抗菌剤がメトロニダゾールである、第34項〜第41項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
43.
前記薬剤が抗ウイルス剤である、第20項〜第42項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
44.
前記抗ウイルス剤が、下記群、アバカビル、アシクロビル、アシクロビル、アデホビル、アマンタジン、アンプレナビル、アンプリゲン、アルビドール、アタザナビル、アトリプラ、ボセプレビレルテット、シドホビル、コンビビル、ダルナビル、デラビルジン、ジダノシン、ドコサノール、エドクスジン、エファビレンツ、エムトリシタビン、エンフビルチド、エンテカビル、侵入阻害剤、ファムシクロビル、ファビピラビル、ホミビルセン、ホスアンプレナビル、ホスカルネット、ホスホネット、ガンシクロビル、イバシタビン、イムノビル、イドクスウリジン、イミキモド、インジナビル、イノシン、インテグラーゼ阻害剤、III型インターフェロン、II型インターフェロン、I型インターフェロン、インターフェロン、ラミブジン、ロピナビル、ロビリド、マラビロック、モロキシジン、メチサゾン、ネルフィナビル、ネビラピン、ネクサビル、ヌクレオシド類似体、オセルタミビル、ペグインターフェロンα−2a、ペンシクロビル、ペラミビル、プレコナリル、ポドフィロトキシン、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、ラルテグラビル、逆転写酵素阻害剤、リバビリン、リマンタジン、リトナビル、ピラミジン(Pyramidine)、サキナビル、スタブジン、相乗増強剤(Synergistic enhancer)(抗レトロウイルス剤)、チャノキ油、テラプレビル、テノホビル、テノホビルジソプロキシル、チプラナビル、トリフルリジン、トリジビル、トロマンタジン、ツルバダ、バラシクロビル、バルガンシクロビル、ビクリビロック、ビダラビン、ビラミジン、ザルシタビン、ザナミビル、ジドブジン、およびこれらの組み合わせ、から選択される、第42項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
45.
前記ウイルス感染症が、呼吸器合胞体ウイルスまたはインフルエンザウイルス、例えば、A型インフルエンザウイルス(H1N1、H2N2、H3N2、H5N1、H7N7、H1N2、H9N2、H7N2、H7N3、H10N7、およびH7N9など)、B型インフルエンザウイルスもしくはC型インフルエンザウイルス、またはインフルエンザウイルス、例えば、A型インフルエンザウイルス(H1N1、H2N2、H3N2、H5N1、H7N7、H1N2、H9N2、H7N2、H7N3、H10N7、およびH7N9など)、B型インフルエンザウイルスもしくはC型インフルエンザウイルス、またはインフルエンザウイルス、例えば、A型インフルエンザウイルス(H1N1、H2N2、H3N2、H5N1、H7N7、H1N2、H9N2、H7N2、H7N3、H10N7、およびH7N9など)、B型インフルエンザウイルスもしくはC型インフルエンザウイルスである、第43項または第44項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
46.
前記抗寄生虫剤が、抗マラリア剤(キニーネおよび関連物質、クロロキン(choloroquine)、アモジアキン、ピリメタミン、プログアニル、スルホンアミド類、メフロキン、アトバコン、プリマキン、アルテミシニン(aremisinin)およびその誘導体、ハロファントリン、ドキシサイクリン、クリンダマイシンなど)、スルファジアジン、チニダゾール、パロモマイシン(アメーバ症、ジアルジア症、レーシュマニア症、および条虫をはじめとする治療に用いられ得る)、およびこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、第34項〜第45項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
47.
前記GLA成分とペイロードとを含む分子をマラリア患者に投与することを含む、第46項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
48.
前記ペイロードが前記細胞の内部で活性型に変換される、第1項〜第47項のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはその用途の分子。
49.
前記活性型への変換が酵素によって行われる、第48項に記載の方法。
50.
前記酵素が、カルボキシルエステラーゼ、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ(acetylecholinesterase)、パラオキソナーゼ(パラオキソナーゼ2など)、マトリクスメタロプロテアーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、β−グルクロニダーゼ、プリンヌクレオシドホスホリラーゼ、βラクタマーゼ(例えば、ヒト型結核菌およびカンサシ菌によって産生されるもの)およびシトシンデアミナーゼ(cytosine deminase)から選択される、第49項に記載の方法または分子。
がん細胞に優先的に感染してそれを殺滅する、または
そのがん細胞中で選択的に複製する(例えば、その複製がp53などのがん細胞でアップレギュレートされている遺伝子に依存しているため)、
ウイルスを指す。
文脈上特に指示がない限り、化学療法剤および化学療法または細胞傷害性物質は本明細書では同義的に使用される。
1つの実施形態では、本開示で使用されるウイルスはエンベロープウイルスであり、例えば、ヘルペスウイルス(単純ヘルペス1型など)、ポックスウイルス(ワクシニアウイルス(vaccina virus)など)、ヘパドナウイルス、フラビウイルス、トガウイルス、コロナウイルス、D型肝炎、オルソミクソウイルス、パラミクソウイルス(麻疹ウイルスまたはニューカッスル病ウイルスなど)、ラブドウイルス、ブニアウイルス、フィロウイルス、およびラブドウイルス科(水疱性口内炎ウイルスインディアナ株(VSV)など)から選択されるエンベロープウイルスである。
1つの実施形態では、本開示の方法で使用されるウイルスまたはベクターは導入遺伝子を含み、例えば、前記導入遺伝子は、細胞内の欠陥遺伝物質の置換、細胞内での新たな機能もしくは増強された機能の提供、細胞の治療に対する感度増加、細胞内の機能の遮断、または治療用のタンパク質もしくはペプチドの発現のための、導入遺伝子である。
1つの実施形態では、前期ペイロードは蛍光ラベル、化学発光標識、放射性標識、酵素、色素またはリガンドを含む。
1つの実施形態では、前記GLA成分は第二の治療法、例えば抗がん剤治療、と組み合わせて使用される。これは、前記GLA成分とは別々に投与される治療法である(すなわち、GLA成分とは連結されない)。
RSコロナウイルス)、住血吸虫症(住血吸虫)、敗血症(種々の病原体)、細菌性赤痢(赤痢菌)、帯状疱疹(水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス)、天然痘(大痘瘡または小痘瘡)、スポロトリコーシス(スポロトリックス・シェンキイ(Sporothrix schenckii))、ブドウ球菌性食中毒(ブドウ球菌属)、ブドウ球菌感染症(ブドウ球菌)、糞線虫症(糞線虫(Strongyloides stercoralis))、亜急性硬化性全脳炎(麻疹ウイルス)、梅毒(梅毒トレポネーマ(Treponema pallidum))、条虫症(条虫)、テタヌス(破傷風菌(Clostridium tetani))、須毛白癬(通常、白癬菌)、頭部白癬(トリコフィトン・トンズランス(Trichophyton tonsurans))、体部白癬(通常、白癬菌)、股部白癬(通常、有毛表皮糸状菌(Epidermophyton floccosum)、紅色白癬菌(Trichophyton rubrum)、および毛瘡白癬菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes))、手白癬(Tinea manum)(紅色白癬菌(Trichophyton rubrum))、黒癬(通常、ホルタエア・ウェルネキイ(Hortaea werneckii))、足白癬(通常、白癬菌)、爪白癬(通常、白癬菌)、癜風(マラセジア)、トキソカラ症(イヌ回虫(Toxocara canis)またはネコ回虫(Toxocara cati))、トラコーマ(トラコーマクラミジア(Chlamydia trachomatis))、トキソプラズマ症(トキソプラズマ原虫(Toxoplasma gondii))、旋毛虫症(旋毛虫(Trichinella spiralis))、トリコモナス症(腟トリコモナス(Trichomonas vaginalis))、鞭虫症(鞭虫(Trichuris trichiura))、結核(通常、ヒト型結核菌)、野兎病(野兎病菌(Francisella tularensis))、腸チフス(チフス菌(Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar typhi))、発疹チフス(リケッチア)、ウレアプラズマ・ウレアリチカム感染症(ウレアプラズマ・ウレアリチカム(Ureaplasma urealyticum))、渓谷熱(コクシジオイデス・イミチス(Coccidioides immitis)またはコクシジオイデス・ポサダシ(Coccidioides posadasii))、ベネズエラウマ脳炎(ベネズエラウマ脳炎ウイルス)、ベネズエラ出血熱(グアナリトウイルス)、ビブリオ・バルニフィカス感染症(ビブリオ・バルニフィカス(Vibrio vulnificus))、腸炎ビブリオ腸炎(腸炎ビブリオ(Vibrio parahaemolyticus))、ウイルス性肺炎(種々のウイルス)、西ナイル熱(西ナイルウイルス)、白色砂毛症(トリコスポロン・ベイゲリ(Trichosporon beigelii))、仮性結核菌感染症(仮性結核菌(Yersinia pseudotuberculosis))、エルシニア症(エンテロコリチカ菌(Yersinia enterocolitica))、黄熱(黄熱病ウイルス)、並びに接合菌症(接合菌類)。
病原体が細胞内部に一度入り込むと、細胞環境によるある程度の保護がその病原体にかかり得るため、細胞内病原体は治療が最も困難なものであり得る。
蛍光のために、Cy5およびFITCの複合体化を、それぞれAmersham(GEヘルスケア社)およびMolecular Probes(インビトロジェン社)標識化キットを製造業者の説明書に従って用いて達成した。両キットは未結合のフルオロフォアを除去するためのカラムを提供している。まず、アポトーシス細胞への結合の特異性を調べるために、1ml中0.77mgのPrS(第2画分)および1ml中0.77mgのアネキシンをFITCで標識した。共局在および競合の研究のために、1ml中0.68mgのPrS(第3画分)および0.68mgのアネキシンをCy5で標識した。共焦点顕微鏡法のために、第二の積荷(second shipment)からの0.76mgのPrSをFITCで標識し、以前に標識したCy5結合型アネキシンを用いた。なお、正確な標識効率は測定されておらず、標識化キットの製造業者の説明書によれば、カラムからの回収率は85%と推定されていた。従って、いずれの場合においても、2つのタンパク質の相対的な染色強度は、これらの偶発性を反映している可能性がある。細胞は最初30分間染色したが、後に、5分未満で十分であることが確認された。アポトーシス細胞特異性についてPrSを試験するために、まず、4種の乳がん細胞株、ヒトMDA−231およびヒトMCF7、並びにマウス4T1およびマウスMET−1、を使用した。その後、サル腎細胞のCOS−1も使用した。アポトーシスは過酸化水素またはtert−ブチルヒドロペルオキシド(t−BHP)で誘導した。細胞を24ウェルプレートに6×104細胞/ウェルで播種するか、またはEppendorfチャンバースライドに1×104細胞/ウェルで播種し、翌日、30分〜2時間の時点において2mMのH2O2またはt−BHPを用いてアポトーシスを誘導した。誘導後、ウェルをAnnexin Binding Buffer(AB;サンタクルーズ・バイオテクノロジー社)で洗浄し、標識タンパク質で染色した。過去の経験および文献から、5.5μg/mlのアネキシンタンパク質を染色に用いた。この量は、提供されたゲル画像に基づいてアネキシンの分子量を36kD、組み換えPrSの分子量を30kDと仮定して、PrSと等モルの添加量となるよう調整した。細胞は15分間染色した。核酸の可視化のためにHoechst33342色素を用いた。次に、ウェルをABで洗浄し、EVOS蛍光顕微鏡で生細胞のまま観察した。共焦点顕微鏡法のために、スタンフォード細胞科学イメージング施設(Stanford Cell Sciences Imaging Facility)のライカ社製SP8顕微鏡を利用した。次に、ウェルをABで洗浄し、ライカ社製sp8顕微鏡で観察した。核の可視化のためにHoechst33342色素を用いた。毒性試験のために、PrSを栄養膜幹細胞(TSC)に添加し、ネクセロム社製Cellometerを用いて、トリパンブルーにより生存率を試験した。
細胞培養におけるアポトーシス状況下でPrS結合特異性を評価するために、いくつかのヒトおよびマウス乳がん細胞株を用いた。上記のように過酸化物でアポトーシスを誘導し、FITC PrS結合を評価した。これらの実験の例を図2に示す。未処理細胞は図2のパネルBに示されるような最小限の結合を示した。過酸化物の濃度およびインキュベーション時間は、濃度が高く且つ/またはインキュベーション時間が長くなるほど細胞が剥離し、染色および顕微鏡法が不可能となるため、一部の細胞のみが影響を受けるように選択した。さらに、多くの影響を受けていない細胞の存在は、各視野内の内部陰性対照の役割を果たした。FITC−アネキシンは、PrSと同様のアポトーシス特異性を示し、内部陽性対照として機能した。次に、この2つのタンパク質の共局在および競合的結合について試験した。共局在化については、FITC標識したPrSおよびアネキシン、並びにCy5標識したPrSおよびアネキシンの両方を作製した。4T1細胞を過酸化物で処理し、Cy5標識したPrSおよびアネキシン、並びにFITC標識したPrSおよびアネキシンで染色することで、両方のフルオロフォアの組み合わせを用いた。次に、EVOS蛍光顕微鏡で細胞を可視化した。結果を図3に示す。試験した条件下では、明るく染まっている細胞全てが、両方のタンパク質による染色を示した。しかし、Cy5を使用したかFITCを使用したかにかかわらず、PrSは、弱いながらも、アネキシンが染色しなかったいくつかの細胞を染色したようであった(図3)。各タンパク質による異なる細胞の相対的な染色強度は、2つのプローブの間で異なることがあった。すなわち、アネキシンが2つの細胞を同じ強度で染色し、PrSが染色しないこともあれば、その逆もあった(図3A、緑色の矢印および挿入図)。このように、両プローブは概して同じ細胞を染色しても、微妙な違いを示すように思われた。競合アッセイでは、漸増する過剰量の未標識アネキシンをアポトーシス4T1細胞と共に15分間プレインキュベートした後、細胞をCy5 PrSで染色した。驚くべきことに、これらのタンパク質は露出したPSという同じ標的分子に結合すると考えられているが、PrSの染色は、試験された最多過剰量である1,000倍の過剰アネキシンによってさえも遮断されなかった(図3C)。アネキシンとPrSの共染色は、多くの細胞型で確認された。この2つのタンパク質は概して各細胞型で同じ細胞を染色したが、他の差異が明らかになった。特に、細胞よりも小さな物体の中には、染色に違いがあるものがあった(図4)。これらの物体は、過酸化物処理後に存在数が増加し、アポトーシス体、すなわちアポトーシス細胞が断片化する際に生じた膜結合型細胞断片と解釈された。図4に示すように、これらの物体の一部は両方のタンパク質で染まったが、PrSはこれらの実体を染色したが、アネキシンは染色しなかった。この観察は予想外のものであった。細胞内実体の染色の差異をさらに調べるために、標準的な遠心分離プロトコルを用いて、4T1マウス腫瘍細胞から細胞外小胞(EV)を調製した。この2つのタンパク質は、これらの小胞の染色にも差異があり(図5)、この結果は、生物学的および治療的な意味合いを持つ可能性がある。
以上の結果から、PrSが様々な種類の幹細胞を含む様々なPrS発現細胞に迅速に内部移行することが示されたが、このことは、PrSが治療薬の開発を目的とした操作に適したユニークな特徴を持っていることを示唆している。また、図3および図7などから分かる、PrSとアネキシンの特異性の差異は、これら2つのタンパク質の間では結合それ自体が異なることを示唆している。アネキシンが四量体であり、PrSが単量体であるという事実だけでは、これらの違いを説明することはできず、これらのデータは、細胞表面上のいくつかの他の成分がPrSの結合に関与している可能性を示唆している。PrSの結合、特異性、および内部移行の機構、並びにモジュラー操作性は、多くの可能性を提供している。
幹細胞は、分化細胞とは表現型が異なり、免疫応答の誘導を避けるために非アポトーシス的にPSを発現することがある。幹細胞を、アポトーシスを誘導せずに、蛍光標識のペイロードを含む本開示のGLAドメイン分子で染色した。
様々な細胞型を用いて、プロテインSがアポトーシス細胞と結合することが示された。非アポトーシス対照細胞のバックグラウンド染色は最小限であった。また、いくつかの細胞タイプを用いて、プロテインSの染色がアネキシンの染色と比較された。興味深いことに、プロテインSは、アネキシンでは全く染まらなかった見かけのアポトーシス小体を染めることがわかった。この結果は予想外であり、プロテインSとアネキシンは共にPSと結合するため、特異性に違いがあるとは予想されていなかった。このような違いを示す更なる証拠として、1,000倍の過剰アネキシンがプロテインSの結合を阻止できなかったことがある。繰り返しになるが、この結果は、この2つのタンパク質が全く同じ分子標的に結合するならば、理解が困難なものであった。共焦点顕微鏡を用いて、プロテインSとアネキシンの細胞内局在を研究したところ、同じ細胞内であっても、これら2つのタンパク質には顕著な違いが示された。種々の細胞型で、アネキシンが主に表面に局在していたのに対し、プロテインSはほとんどの場合で細胞内に存在していた。このことは、プロテインSがバイオデリバリービヒクルとして開発できることを示唆している。タイムコース実験では、プロテインSは結合後10分以内に内部移行することが明らかになった。これらの実験ではまた、プロテインSがアポトーシスの過程でアネキシンよりも早期に結合するという可能性の証拠も得られている。この急速な取り込みについて、この興味深いメカニズムの更なる研究が必要であることは明らかであり、プロテインSのバイオデリバリー剤としての開発に重要な意味を持つ可能性がある。また、アポトーシス腫瘍や化学的に誘導された肝臓のアポトーシスのSPECTイメージングのために、プロテインSをHYNIC結合型の99mTcで標識し、同様に標識したアネキシンと比較したところ、シクロヘキサミド処置した動物では、99mTcプロテインSの肝臓シグナルのわずかな増加が観察された。リステリアモデルと乳がんモデルの両方において、Cy5 プロテインSはアポトーシス組織に優先的に局在し、どちらの場合も強い信号対雑音を示した。
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Claims (26)
- 細胞内ペイロード送達法であって、
a)γカルボキシグルタミン酸成分(GLA成分)に連結されたペイロード、
を含む分子と細胞を接触させる工程を含み、
前記GLA成分はGLAドメインまたはその活性断片を含むが、GLAタンパク質由来の活性触媒ドメインは含まない、
前記方法。 - GLAドメインまたはその活性断片が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、オステオカルシン、マトリックスGLAタンパク質、GAS6、トランスサイレチン(Transthretin)、ペリオスチン、プロリンリッチGLA1、プロリンリッチGLA2、プロリンリッチGLA3、およびプロリンリッチGLA4から独立して選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- GLAドメインまたはその活性断片がプロテインS由来である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記構築物が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、オステオカルシン、マトリックスGLAタンパク質、GAS6、トランスサイレチン(Transthretin)、ペリオスチン、プロリンリッチGLA1、プロリンリッチGLA2、プロリンリッチGLA3、およびプロリンリッチGLA4から選択されるEGFドメインを含む、請求項1〜3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記構築物がプロテインSから選択されるEGFドメインを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記GLA成分が、配列番号6に示される配列またはHisタグを持たないその誘導体を含む、請求項1〜5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記GLAドメイン成分がクリングルドメインをさらに含む、第1項〜第6項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記クリングルドメインが、活性化転写因子2(ATF);第XII因子(F12);トロンビン(F2);ヒアルロナン結合タンパク質2(HABP2);肝細胞増殖因子(HGF);肝細胞増殖因子アクチベーター(HGFAC);Kremenタンパク質1(KREMEN1);KREMEN2;リポ蛋白(a)(LPA);LPAL2;マクロファージ活性化タンパク質(Macrophage-stimulating protein)(MSPまたはMST1);ホスホイノシチド3キナーゼ相互作用タンパク質1(Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-interacting protein 1)(PIK3IP1);組織プラスミノーゲン活性化物質(Tissue plasminogen activator)(PLAT);ウロキナーゼ(PLAU);プラスミン(PLG);PRSS12;膜貫通受容体型チロシンキナーゼROR1(Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1)(ROR1);および膜貫通受容体型チロシンキナーゼROR2(Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR2)(ROR2)を含む群から選択されるタンパク質由来である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- インビトロで実施される、請求項1〜8のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞内送達がインビボの細胞に対するものであり、例えば前記GLA成分とペイロードとを含む分子が患者に投与される、請求項1〜8のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が非アポトーシス性である、請求項1〜10のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞がアポトーシス性であり、例えば、がん細胞、病原体感染細胞(ウイルス感染細胞、細菌感染細胞、または寄生虫感染細胞など)のような異常細胞である、請求項1〜10のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が幹細胞であり、係る成体幹細胞は前駆細胞を含む、請求項1〜12のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が表面マーカーCD34を有する、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞ががん幹細胞である、請求項13または請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が造血幹細胞(haemotopoietic stem cell)である、請求項13〜15のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記造血幹細胞(haemotopoietic stem cell)が非がん性である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記GLA成分が前記ペイロードと複合体形成している、請求項1〜17のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペイロードが薬剤または生物学的治療薬を含み、例えば、抗ウイルス剤、抗細菌剤、抗寄生虫剤、抗がん剤、抗がん剤治療(化学療法剤など)を含む、請求項1〜18のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペイロードが、毒素、高分子(例えば、合成高分子または天然高分子)、生物学的に活性なタンパク質(例えば酵素、他の抗体または抗体フラグメント)、薬剤(小分子(化学成分)、化学療法剤)、放射性核種(特に放射性ヨウ化物、放射性同位元素、例えば99mTc)、金属キレート化剤、ナノ粒子、およびレポーター基(蛍光標識もしくは発光標識、またはNMR分光法もしくはESR分光法で検出できる化合物など)を含む、請求項1〜19のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記GLA成分とペイロードとを含む分子をがん患者に投与することを含む、請求項1〜30のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが上皮がんであり、例えば、結腸直腸がん、精巣がん、肝臓がん、胆道がん、前立腺がん、膵がん、グリア芽腫、メラノーマ、乳がん、卵巣がん、子宮頸がん、子宮がん、胃がん、食道がん、甲状腺がん、腎がん、膀胱がん、脳がん、頭頚部がん、もしくは肺がんである、または、前記がんが血液のがんであり、例えば、白血病、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、および慢性骨髄増殖性疾患であり、例えばAMLであり得る、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記薬剤が抗ウイルス剤、抗寄生虫剤、または抗菌剤である、請求項19〜32のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記薬剤が抗ウイルス剤である、請求項33〜37のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗寄生虫剤が、抗マラリア剤(キニーネおよび関連物質、クロロキン(choloroquine)、アモジアキン、ピリメタミン、プログアニル、スルホンアミド類、メフロキン、アトバコン、プリマキン、アルテミシニン(aremisinin)およびその誘導体、ハロファントリン、ドキシサイクリン、クリンダマイシンなど)、スルファジアジン、チニダゾール、パロモマイシン(アメーバ症、ジアルジア症、レーシュマニア症、および条虫をはじめとする治療に用いられ得る)、およびこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、請求項19〜40のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペイロードが前記細胞の内部で活性型に変換される、請求項1〜42のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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