JP2020533021A - 幹細胞へのペイロードの送達 - Google Patents
幹細胞へのペイロードの送達 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年9月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/554,530号、2017年9月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/554,533号、2017年10月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/569,403号、2017年10月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/569,411号、2017年11月10日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/584,565号、及び2017年11月30日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/593,014号の利益を主張するものであり、これらの仮特許出願の各々は、その全体が参照により本明細書に援用される。
本出願はEFS−Webを使用して電子的に提出された配列表を含むが、この配列表は、紙コピーとコンピュータで読み取り可能な形式(CRF)の両方で提供されており、2018年9月5日に作成され、サイズが9,831バイトである「ST−CT1−PCT_sequence.txt」という題目のファイルに記載されている。この配列表はその全体が参照により本明細書に援用される。
幹細胞を標的にする方法であって、ガンマ−カルボキシルグルタミン酸成分(Gla成分)に連結したペイロードを含む分子と細胞とを接触させる工程を含み、
前記Gla成分が、Glaドメインまたはその活性断片を含み、Glaタンパク質由来の活性触媒ドメインを含まない、方法。
ガンマ−カルボキシルグルタミン酸成分(Gla成分)に連結したペイロードを含む分子であって、
前記Gla成分が、幹細胞の治療または診断用に、Glaドメインまたはその活性断片を含み、Glaタンパク質由来の活性触媒ドメインを含まない、分子。
ガンマ−カルボキシルグルタミン酸成分(Gla成分)に連結したペイロードを含む分子であって、
前記Gla成分が、幹細胞の治療または診断に適した薬剤の製造用に、Glaドメインまたはその活性断片を含み、Glaタンパク質由来の活性触媒ドメインを含まない、分子。
Glaドメインまたはその活性断片が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、オステオカルシン、マトリックスGlaタンパク質(MGP)、GAS6、トランスサイレチン(TTR)、インターアルファトリプシン阻害剤、ペリオスチン、プロリンリッチGla1(PRRG1)、プロリンリッチGla2(PRRG2)、プロリンリッチGla3(PRRG3)、及び、プロリンリッチGla4(PRRG4)から独立して選択される、項1a、項1b、または項1cに記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記Glaドメインまたはその活性断片が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、及びGAS6から独立して選択され、例えば、前記GlaドメインがプロテインS、特に配列番号1に示した配列由来である、項2に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記Gla成分が、EGFドメイン、例えばカルシウム結合EGFドメインをさらに含む、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項3に記載の方法または分子。
構築物が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、オステオカルシン、マトリックスGlaタンパク質、GAS6、トランスサイレチン、ペリオスチン、プロリンリッチGla1、プロリンリッチGla2、プロリンリッチGla3、及びプロリンリッチGla4から選択されるEGFドメインを含む、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項4に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記EGFドメインが、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、及びGAS6から選択され、例えば、前記EGFドメインがプロテインS由来である、項5に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記Gla成分が配列番号6に示した配列か、またはHisタグを除外したその誘導体を含む、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項6のいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記Glaドメイン成分が、クリングルドメインをさらに含む、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項7に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記クリングルドメインが、活性化転写因子2(ATF)、第XII因子(F12)、トロンビン(F2)、ヒアルロン酸結合タンパク質2(HABP2)、肝細胞増殖因子(HGF)、肝細胞増殖因子活性化因子(HGFAC)、クレメンタンパク質1(KREMEN1)、KREMEN2、リポタンパク質(A)(LPA)、LPAL2、マクロファージ刺激タンパク質(MSPまたはMST1)、ホスホイノシチド3キナーゼ相互作用タンパク質1(PIK3IP1)、組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子(PLAT)、ウロキナーゼ(PLAU)、プラスミン(PLG)、PRSS12、チロシンプロテインキナーゼ膜貫通受容体ROR1(ROR1)、及びチロシンプロテインキナーゼ膜貫通受容体ROR2(ROR2)からなる群から選択されるタンパク質由来である、項8に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記方法がインビトロで実施される、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
前記送達がインビボで細胞に対するものであり、例えば、前記Gla成分と前記ペイロードとを含む分子が、患者、例えばヒト患者に投与される、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
前記分子が、幹細胞の外表面を標的にする、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項11に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記分子が、幹細胞に内部移行されている、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項12に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記細胞が非アポトーシス性(すなわち健常幹細胞)である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項13に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記細胞が、アポトーシス性、例えば疾患幹細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項13に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、成人幹細胞であり、例えば、外套細胞、放射状グリア細胞、骨髄間質細胞、骨膜、膵臓前駆細胞、血管内皮前駆細胞、芽細胞、及び栄養膜幹細胞などの、前駆細胞、造血幹細胞、筋原幹細胞、骨芽前駆幹細胞、神経幹細胞、及び間葉系幹細胞を含む、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項15に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が表面マーカーCD34を発現する、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項16に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞がLineage陽性表面マーカーに対して陰性である(すなわちLin−veである)、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項17に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、Lin−ve、CD34+ve、CD38−ve、CD45RA−ve、CD90陽性、及びCD49f+veである、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項18に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が造血幹細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項17に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、CD48、CD150、CD244、CD34、CD38、SCA−1、Thy1.1、c−kit、lin、CD135、slam1/CD150、Mac−1(CD11b)、CD4、幹細胞因子(SCF)、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせ由来の表面マーカーを発現する、項20に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が骨芽前駆細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項19に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、グレムリン1、TGF−β、bFGF、BMP−2、ALPP、MCAM、コラーゲンI、コラーゲン1アルファ1、コラーゲンII、RUNX2、デコリン、及びこれら(前記の全てのマーカーなど)のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項22に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が骨芽細胞またはその前駆細胞である、項22または項23に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、Runx2、アルカリホスファターゼ/ALPP/ALPI、オステオカルシン、BAP1、OPN、BAP31、コラーゲンI、SCUBE3、フィブロネクチン、SPARC、IGFBP−3、及びこれら(前記の全てのマーカーなど)のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項24に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が骨細胞またはその前駆細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項16に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、TGFβ、RANKL、MCSF、スクレロスチン、DKK、及びこれら(前記の全てのマーカーなど)のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項26に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、オステリックス+ve、CD90+ve、オステオカルシン+ve、コラーゲンI+ve、骨シアロタンパク質+ve、及びこれら(前記の全てのマーカーなど)のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項26に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、アルカリホスファターゼ/ALPP(胎盤性アルカリホスファターゼ)/ALPI+ve、コラーゲンI+ve、コラーゲンII+ve、デコリン+ve、MCAM/CD146+ve、MEPE/OF45+ve、オステリックス+ve、CD90+ve、オステリックス/Sp7+ve、RUNX2/CBFA1+ve、トロンボポエチン/Tpo+ve、及びこれら(前記の全てのマーカーなど)のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項26に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が筋原幹細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項19のいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、CD56、CD146、VE−カドヘリン、アルファ−平滑筋アクチン、FABP3、インテグリンアルファ7、デスミン、ミオシン重鎖、UEA−1受容体、及びこれら(前記の全てのマーカーなど)のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択されるマーカーを発現する、項30に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が神経幹細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項19に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、CD133、CD15、CD24低発現(low)または陰性(−ve)、GCTM−2、CD45、CD34、ネスチン、Sox−2、ABCG2、FGF R4、Frizzled−9、及びこれら(前記の全てのマーカーなど)のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択されるマーカーを発現する、項32に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記CD24マーカーが低発現(low)または陰性(−ve)である、項33に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、CD133+ve、5E12+ve、CD34−ve、CD45−ve、及びCD24低発現(low)または陰性(−ve)のマーカー組み合わせを発現する、項33または項34に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が間葉系幹細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項19に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、CD10、CD13、CD73、CD105、CD271、CD140b、CD240、Frizzled−9、CD29、CD90、CD146、oct4、SSEA4、STRO−1、幹細胞因子(SCF)、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項36に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が脂肪由来である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項19に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、K15、CD34、ネスチン、フォリスタチン、p63、インテグリンアルファ6、テネイシンC、EGFR、IGFR、Frizzled因子、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項38に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、CD44、ICAM/CD54、CD34、インテグリンファミリーメンバー、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項38または項39に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が卵巣及び卵管上皮幹細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項19に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が、グレムリン1、Lrig1、Lgr5、Bmi1、Tert、HopX、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項41に記載の方法。
前記幹細胞が胚性幹細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項15に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞を、CD24、CD29、CD31、CD59、CD90、CD117、CD133、CD324、CD326、SSEA−3、SSEA−4、TRA−1−60、TRA−1−81、Frizzled5、幹細胞因子、クリプト(TDGF−1)から選択される1つまたは複数の表面マーカーに基づいて特定することができる、項43に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が非癌性である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項44に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が癌幹細胞である、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項44に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記癌幹細胞が上皮由来のものである、項46に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
癌幹細胞が、CD44(少なくとも乳癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、膵癌、扁平上皮癌、及び膀胱癌において過剰発現しているもの)、CD133(少なくとも脳腫瘍、大腸癌、肺癌、前立腺癌、及び髄芽腫において過剰発現しているもの)、CD24、CD90、CD271、CD4f、CD13、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせ(他のマーカーとしてABCB5+、CD44+/CD24、CD34+/CD38−、及びCD44+/ESA+が含まれる)から選択される表面マーカーを発現する、項46または項47に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記幹細胞が造血由来のものである、項46に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記細胞がCD19、WT−1、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択されるマーカーを有する、項49に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記Gla成分がペイロードと結合している、項1から項50のいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記ペイロードが、治療剤、標的剤、及び/または標識を含む、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項51に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記治療剤が、化学物質または生体分子(タンパク質など)、例えば、抗癌剤、抗癌療法剤、化学療法剤、腫瘍崩壊ウイルスなどのウイルスベクターである、項52に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記ペイロードが、毒素、ポリマー(例えば、合成ポリマーまたは天然ポリマー)、生物学的活性タンパク質(例えば、酵素、抗体または抗体断片)、薬剤(例えば、小分子(化学物質)または化学療法剤)、核酸及びその断片(例えば、DNA、shRNA及びsiRNAなどのRNA、ならびにその断片(CRISPRCas9のgRNA及びCRISPRa/iを含む))、放射性核種(特に放射性ヨウ素、放射性同位体)、金属キレート剤、ナノ粒子、ならびにレポーター基(蛍光標識もしくは発光標識、またはNMRもしくはESR分光器で検出され得る化合物など)から選択される、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項53に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記毒素が、アウリスタチン(例えば、MMAE(モノメチルアウリスタチンE)、MMAF(モノメチルアウリスタチンF))、ピロロベンゾジアゼピン(PBD)、ドキソルビシン、デュオカルマイシン、マイタンシノイド(例えば、N2’−デアセチル−N2’−(3−メルカプト−1−オキソプロピル)−メイタンシン(DM1)、N2’−デアセチル−N2’−(4−メルカプト−1−オキソペンチル)−メイタンシン(DM3)、及びN2’−デアセチル−N2’(4−メチル−4−メルカプト−1−オキソペンチル)−メイタンシン(DM4))、カリケアミシン、ドラスタチン、メイタンシン、α−アマニチン、シュードモナス外毒素(PE38)、リシンA鎖、ジフテリア毒素、ヤマゴボウ抗ウイルスタンパク質(PAP)、サポリン、ゲロニン、及びチューブリシンから選択される、項54に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記化学療法剤が、テモゾロミド、エポチロン類、メルファラン、カルムスチン、ブスルファン、ロムスチン、シクロホスファミド、ダカルバジン、ポリフェプロザン、イホスファミド、クロラムブシル、メクロレタミン、ブスルファン、シクロホスファミド、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン、チオテパ、カペシタビン、ストレプトゾシン、ビカルタミド、フルタミド、ニルタミド、酢酸ロイプロリド、塩酸ドキソルビシン、硫酸ブレオマイシン、塩酸ダウノルビシン、ダクチノマイシン、リポソームクエン酸ダウノルビシン、リポソーム塩酸ドキソルビシン、塩酸エピルビシン、塩酸イダルビシン、マイトマイシン、ドキソルビシン、バルルビシン、アナストロゾール、クエン酸トレミフェン、シタラビン、フルオロウラシル、フルダラビン、フロクスウリジン、インターフェロンα−2b、プリカマイシン、メルカプトプリン、メトトレキサート、インターフェロンα−2a、酢酸メドロキシプロゲステロン、リン酸エストラムスチンナトリウム、エストラジオール、酢酸ロイプロリド、酢酸メゲストロール、酢酸オクトレオチド、ジエチルスチルベステロール二リン酸、テストラクトン、酢酸ゴセレリン、リン酸エトポシド、硫酸ビンクリスチン、エトポシド、ビンブラスチン、エトポシド、硫酸ビンクリスチン、テニポシド、トラスツズマブ、ゲムツズマブオゾガミシン、リツキシマブ、エキセメスタン、塩酸イリノテカン、アスパラギナーゼ、塩酸ゲムシタビン、アルトレタミン、塩酸トポテカン、ヒドロキシ尿素、クラドリビン、ミトタン、塩酸プロカルバジン、酒石酸ビノレルビン、ペントロスタチン(pentrostatin)ナトリウム、ミトキサントロン、ペガスパルガーゼ、デニロイキンジフチトクス、アリトレチノイン、ポルフィマー、ベキサロテン、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、三酸化ヒ素、トレチノイン、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、項53に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記化学療法剤が、アルキル化剤、チミジル酸シンターゼ阻害剤などの代謝拮抗剤、タキサン、アントラサイクリン、植物アルカロイドを含む微小管阻害剤、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、項52から項54のいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記化学療法剤が、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、アブラキサン、カバジタキセル、これらのうちのいずれか1つの誘導体、及び上述のいずれかのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、項57に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記アルキル化剤が、ナイトロジェンマスタード、ニトロソウレア(カルムスチンなど)、テトラジン、アジリジン、プラチン及びその誘導体、非古典的アルキル化剤、ならびにこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、項57または項58に記載の方法。
前記プラチンが、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン、オキサリプラチン、サトラプラチン、ピコプラチン、ネダプラチン、トリプラチン、リポプラチン、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、項59に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記アルキル化剤が、葉酸代謝拮抗剤(例えば、メトトレキサート及びペメトレキセド)、プリンアナログ類(例えば、アザチオプリンなどのチオプリン類、メルカプトプリン、チオプリン、フルダラビン(リン酸塩の形態を含む)、ペントスタチン、及びクラドリビン)、ピリミジンアナログ(例えば、5−フルオロウラシルなどのフロロピリミジン類、及びカペシタビン(Xeloda(登録商標)などのそのプロドラッグ))、フロクスウリジン、ゲムシタビン、シタラビン、デシタビン、塩酸ラルチトレキセド(トムデックス)、クラドリビン、及び6−アザウラシル、ならびにこれらのうちの2つの組み合わせから選択される代謝拮抗剤である、項57または項58のうちのいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記アントラサイクリンが、ダウノルビシン(ダウノマイシン)、ダウノルビシン(リポソーム)、ドキソルビシン(アドリアマイシン)、ドキソルビシン(リポソーム)、エピルビシン、イダルビシン、ミトキサントロン、及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される、項56から項60のうちのいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記薬剤が、例えば、トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤、PARP阻害剤、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される抗癌剤である、項53から項62のうちのいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記抗癌療法剤が、例えば、Y−90、P−32、I−131、In−111、Sr−89、Re−186、Sm−153、Sn−117m、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される放射性核種である、項53から項64のうちのいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記Gla成分とペイロードとを含む前記分子を、癌患者であって、例えば前記癌が難治性である癌患者に投与することを含む、項1a、項1b、または項1cから項64のうちのいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記癌が、上皮癌、例えば結腸直腸癌、精巣癌、肝癌、胆道癌、神経膠芽腫、黒色腫、前立腺癌、膵癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、子宮頸癌、子宮癌、胃癌、食道癌、甲状腺癌、腎癌、膀胱癌、脳癌、頭頸部癌、もしくは肺癌であるか、または前記癌が、血液癌、例えば白血病、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、及び慢性骨髄増多症(AML、CML、ALL、及びCLLなど)であり得る、項65に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記ペイロードが前記細胞内で活性形態に変換される、項1から項66のいずれか1項に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記活性形態への変換が酵素により行われる、項67に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記酵素が、カルボキシルエステラーゼ、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ、パラオキソナーゼ(パラオキソナーゼ2など)、マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、β−グルクロニダーゼ、プリン−ヌクレオシドホスホリラーゼ、ベータ−ラクタマーゼ(例えば、結核菌及びマイコバクテリウム・カンサシイにより産生されるもの)、及びシトシンデアミナーゼから選択される、項68に記載の使用のための方法または分子。
前記Gla成分が、配列番号6に示した配列か、またはHisタグを除いて同一の配列を有する、項1から項69のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法または分子。
特に文脈で示されない限り、化学療法剤及び化学療法薬剤または細胞傷害性薬剤は本明細書で互換可能に使用される。
標識
治療用途及び/または診断用途の放射性同位体の場合には、アスタチン211、14炭素、51クロム、36塩素、57コバルト、58コバルト、銅67、152Eu、ガリウム67、3水素、ヨウ素123、ヨウ素125、ヨウ素131、インジウム111、59鉄、32リン、レニウム186、レニウム188、75セレン、35硫黄、テクネチウム99m、及び/またはイットリウム90を挙げることができる。125Iは、特定の実施形態で使用するのに適しており、テクネチウム99m及び/またはインジウム111は、低エネルギーであり広範囲検出に適しているために、特に適している。放射標識ペプチド及びポリペプチドは、当該技術分野で周知の方法により作製することができる。例えば、ヨウ化ナトリウム及び/もしくはヨウ化カリウムと、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムなどの化学酸化剤、またはラクトペルオキシダーゼなどの酵素酸化剤とを接触させることにより、ペプチド及びポリペプチドをヨウ素化することができる。リガンド交換プロセスにより、例えば、過テクネチウム酸塩をスズ溶液で還元し、還元されたテクネチウムをセファデックスカラムでキレート化し、ペプチドをこのカラムに適用することにより、ペプチドをテクネチウム99mで標識化することができる。あるいは、直接標識化する技術を使用することができ、例えば、過テクネチウム酸塩と、SNCl2などの還元剤と、ナトリウムカリウムフタル酸溶液などの緩衝溶液と、ペプチドとをインキュベーションする方法を使用することができる。ペプチドに金属イオンの形で存在する放射性同位体を結合させるのによく使用される中間官能基は、ジエチレントリアミンペンタ酢酸(DTPA)またはエチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)である。
一実施形態では、本開示に使用されるウイルスはエンベロープウイルスであり、例えば、ヘルペスウイルス(単純ヘルペス1型など)、ポックスウイルス(ワクチニアウイルスなど)、ヘパドナウイルス、フラビウイルス、トガウイルス、コロナウイルス、D型肝炎、オルソミクソウイルス、パラミクソウイルス(麻疹またはニューキャッスル病ウイルスなど)、ラブドウイルス、ブニヤウイルス、フィロウイルス、及びラブドウイルス科(水疱性口内炎インディアナウイルス(VSV)など)から選択される。
ウイルスによりコードされたタンパク質
組み合わせ療法
蛍光測定用に、Cy5及びFITCを、それぞれAmersham(GE Healthcare)社及びMolecular Probes(Invitrogen)社製の標識化キットを用いて製造業者の指示書に従って結合させた。これらのキットは結合しなかった蛍光体を除去するカラムを備えている。まず、1ml中のPrS(第2分画)0.77mgと、1ml中のアネキシン0.77mgとをFITCで標識化し、アポトーシス細胞への結合特異性を評価した。共局在性及び競合作用の検討を行うため、1mlに溶かしたPrS(第3分画)0.68mgとアネキシン0.68mgとをCy5で標識化した。共焦点顕微鏡で観察するため、第2の出荷由来のPrS0.76mgをFITCで標識化し、また予め標識化したCy5結合アネキシンを用いた。正確な標識化率を算出していないが、標識化キットの製造業者の指示書に基づき、カラムからの回収率は85%であると見積もったことに留意されたい。したがって、どの場合も2つのタンパク質の相対染色強度は、これらの偶然性が影響する場合がある。細胞を最初に30分間染色したが、5分未満でも十分であることが後に判明した。アポトーシス細胞の特異性についてPrSを評価するために、4つの乳癌細胞株であるヒトMDA−231、ヒトMCF7、マウス4T1、及びマウスMET−1をまず使用した。続いて、COS−1サル腎細胞を同様に使用した。過酸化水素またはtert−ブチルヒドロペルオキシド(t−BHP)を用いてアポトーシスを誘導した。細胞を24ウェルプレートに1ウェル当たり6×104個の細胞となるように、またはEppendorf社のチャンバースライドに1ウェルあたり1×104個の細胞になるように入れ、翌日に2mMのH2O2またはt−BHPを30分〜2時間の時点で用いてアポトーシスを誘導した。誘導後にウェルをアネキシン結合緩衝液(AB、Santa Cruz Biotech社)で洗浄し、標識化したタンパク質で染色した。過去の経験や文献から、染色にはアネキシンタンパク質5.5g/mlを用いた。この量は、得られたゲルイメージに基づいてアネキシンの分子量が36kDであり、組み換えPrSの分子量が30kDであると見積もることで、等モルのPrSを添加するように調整した。細胞を15分間染色した。ヘキスト33342染料を用いて核酸を可視化した。続いてウェルをABで洗浄し、生存している間にEVOS蛍光顕微鏡を用いて観察した。共焦点顕微鏡では、スタンフォード細胞科学イメージング施設(Stanford Cell Sciences Imaging Facility)でLeica SP8顕微鏡を用いた。続いてウェルをABで洗浄し、Leica SP8顕微鏡を用いて観察した。ヘキスト33342染料を用いて核を可視化した。毒性の検討では、PrSを栄養膜幹細胞(TSC)に加え、生存度をNexcelom製の細胞自動カウント装置(Cellometer)でトリパンブルーを用いて評価した。
細胞培養におけるアポトーシスという観点でのPrS結合特異性を評価するために、複数のヒト及びマウスの乳癌細胞株を用いた。上述したように、アポトーシスを過酸化物で誘導し、FITC−PrS結合を評価した。これらの実験結果の例を図2に示す。例えば図2のパネルBに示すように、未処置の細胞は結合が最も弱くなった。選択した過酸化物濃度及びインキュベーション時間は、極少数の細胞しか影響を受けない程度とした。濃度が高い及び/またはインキュベーション時間が長いと、細胞が剥離し、染色及び顕微鏡観察ができなかったからである。さらに、影響を受けなかった細胞の存在を、各領域内の内部陰性対照として用いた。FITC−アネキシンは、PrSと同様のアポトーシスに対する特異性を示し、内部陽性対照として機能する。次に、2つのタンパク質を共局在性及び競合的結合について評価した。共局在性については、FITCとCy5との両方で標識化したPrS及びアネキシンを調製した。4T1細胞を過酸化物で処置し、Cy5とFITCとで標識化したPrS及びアネキシンで、蛍光体の組み合わせを用いて染色した。次に、細胞をEVOS蛍光顕微鏡で可視化した。結果を図3に示す。試験条件下で、全ての鮮明染色細胞が、両方のタンパク質で染色されていることを示した。しかしながら、Cy5を用いるかFITCを用いるかに関わらず、PrSはアネキシンで染色されなかった一部の細胞を微弱ではあるが染色する様子であった(図3)。各タンパク質毎の種々の細胞の相対的な染色強度は、2つのプローブ間で異なる場合があった。すなわち、アネキシンは2つの細胞を同等の強度で染色する一方で、PrSは同等に染色しない場合があり、その逆もまた同様であった(図3Aの緑色矢印及び挿入図)。したがって、この両方のプローブは概して同じ細胞を染色するが、わずかな違いがある様子であった。競合的アッセイにおいては、標識化していないアネキシンの十分過剰量をアポトーシス性4T1細胞と合わせて15分間プレインキュベートした後、細胞をCy5−PrSで染色した。これらのタンパク質は、同じ標的分子である露出したPSに結合すると考えられるが、驚くべきことに、PrS染色は、1000倍過剰量のアネキシン、すなわち最も過剰な評価量のアネキシンでもブロックされなかった(図3C)。アネキシンとPrSの共染色を多くの細胞種で観察した。2つのタンパク質は通例、各細胞種で同じ細胞を染色したが、違いも明らかになった。特に、細胞よりも小さい一部の対象では異なって染色された(図4)。これらの対象物は、過酸化物処置後に数が増加したものであり、アポトーシス小体、つまりアポトーシス細胞が断片化される間に産生する膜結合型細胞断片とみなされた。この対象物の中には両方のタンパク質で染色されたものもあるが、図4に示すように、PrSで染色されたのに対しアネキシンでは染色されなかったものもあった。この観察結果は予想外のものであった。細胞下の構成要素の異なった染色をさらに調べるために、標準の遠心分離プロトコルを用いて、細胞外ベシクル(EV)を4T1マウス腫瘍細胞から調製した。2つのタンパク質はこれらのベシクルも異なって染色し(図5)、この結果は生物学的及び治療的な意味を持つと考えられる。
上記の結果によると、PrSは、種々の幹細胞を含めた、PrSを発現する一連の細胞に迅速に内部移行することが明らかとなり、このことは、PrSが、治療剤の開発を目指した処理に適する特有の性質を持つことを示唆している。さらに、図3及び図7で見られるように、PrSとアネキシン間の特異性の違いから、結合そのものがこの2つのタンパク質間で異なっていると言える。アネキシンが四量体でありPrSが単量体であるという単なる事実によってこうした違いを説明することはできず、上述のデータから、細胞表面の他のいくつかの要素がPrS結合に関与していると考えられる。このPrSの結合、特異性、及び内部移行の機序、ならびにモジュール処理性能は、多くの可能性をもたらすものである。
幹細胞は分化細胞由来の表現型に特徴があり、PSを非アポトーシス的に発現して免疫応答の誘導を回避することができる。幹細胞を、アポトーシスを誘導することなく、蛍光標識したペイロードを含む本開示のGlaドメイン分子で染色した。
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Claims (25)
- 幹細胞を標的にする方法であって、ガンマ−カルボキシルグルタミン酸成分(Gla成分)に連結したペイロードを含む分子と細胞とを接触させる工程を含み、
前記Gla成分が、Glaドメインまたはその活性断片を含み、前記分子がGlaタンパク質由来の活性触媒ドメインを含まない、方法。 - Glaドメインまたはその活性断片が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、オステオカルシン、マトリックスGlaタンパク質(MGP)、GAS6、トランスサイレチン(TTR)、インターアルファトリプシン阻害剤、ペリオスチン、プロリンリッチGla1(PRRG1)、プロリンリッチGla2(PRRG2)、プロリンリッチGla3(PRRG3)、及びプロリンリッチGla4(PRRG4)から独立して選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記Glaドメインまたはその活性断片がプロテインS由来である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記Gla成分が、EGFドメイン、例えばカルシウム結合EGFドメインをさらに含む、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 構築物が、トロンビン、第VII因子、第IX因子、第X因子、プロテインC、プロテインS、プロテインZ、オステオカルシン、マトリックスGlaタンパク質、GAS6、トランスサイレチン、ペリオスチン、プロリンリッチGla1、プロリンリッチGla2、プロリンリッチGla3、及びプロリンリッチGla4から選択されるEGFドメインを含む、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記EGFドメインがプロテインS由来である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記Glaドメイン成分が、クリングルドメインをさらに含む、請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記クリングルドメインが、活性化転写因子2(ATF)、第XII因子(F12)、トロンビン(F2)、ヒアルロン酸結合タンパク質2(HABP2)、肝細胞増殖因子(HGF)、肝細胞増殖因子活性化因子(HGFAC)、クレメンタンパク質1(KREMEN1)、KREMEN2、リポタンパク質(A)(LPA)、LPAL2、マクロファージ刺激タンパク質(MSPまたはMST1)、ホスホイノシチド3キナーゼ相互作用タンパク質1(PIK3IP1)、組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子(PLAT)、ウロキナーゼ(PLAU)、プラスミン(PLG)、PRSS12、チロシンプロテインキナーゼ膜貫通受容体ROR1(ROR1)、及びチロシンプロテインキナーゼ膜貫通受容体ROR2(ROR2)からなる群から選択されるタンパク質由来である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記Gla成分が配列番号6に示した配列を含む、請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法がインビトロで実施される、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記送達がインビボで細胞に対して行われ、例えば、前記Gla成分及び前記ペイロードを含む分子が患者に投与される、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記分子が前記幹細胞の外表面を標的にする、請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記分子が前記幹細胞に内部移行される、請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が非アポトーシス性である、請求項1から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞がアポトーシス性、例えば疾患幹細胞である、請求項1から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が、胚性幹細胞または成人幹細胞であり、外套細胞、放射状グリア細胞、骨髄間質細胞、骨膜、膵臓前駆細胞、血管内皮前駆細胞、芽細胞、及び栄養膜幹細胞などの、前駆細胞、造血幹細胞、筋原幹細胞、骨芽前駆幹細胞、神経幹細胞、及び間葉系幹細胞を含む、請求項1から請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が表面マーカーCD34を発現する、請求項1から請求項16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞がLineage陽性表面マーカーに対して陰性である(すなわちLin−veである)、請求項1から請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が、CD90+ve、CD133+ve、CD105+ve、CD45+、Lin−ve、CD48−ve、及びCD244−veである、請求項1から請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が、Lin−ve、CD34+ve、CD38−ve、CD45RA−ve、CD90+ve、及びCD49f+veである、請求項1から請求項19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が非癌性である、請求項1から請求項21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が癌幹細胞である、請求項1から請求項22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記癌幹細胞が上皮由来のものである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 癌幹細胞が、CD44(少なくとも乳癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、膵癌、扁平上皮癌、及び膀胱癌において過剰発現しているもの)、CD133(少なくとも脳腫瘍、大腸癌、肺癌、前立腺癌、及び髄芽腫において過剰発現しているもの)、CD24、CD90、CD271、CD4f、CD13、及びこれらのうちの2つ以上の組み合わせから選択される表面マーカーを発現する、請求項44または請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が造血性由来のものである、請求項1から請求項22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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CN112516110B (zh) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-05-13 | 北京化工大学 | 一种细胞膜包覆纳米酶的方法 |
CN112285195B (zh) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-08-10 | 江南大学 | 一种牛奶外泌体的特征性糖蛋白标志物和牛奶外泌体的特征性标志物分离方法 |
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