JP2018195823A - アンダーフィル材、アンダーフィルフィルム、及びこれを用いた半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
アンダーフィル材、アンダーフィルフィルム、及びこれを用いた半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018195823A JP2018195823A JP2018094387A JP2018094387A JP2018195823A JP 2018195823 A JP2018195823 A JP 2018195823A JP 2018094387 A JP2018094387 A JP 2018094387A JP 2018094387 A JP2018094387 A JP 2018094387A JP 2018195823 A JP2018195823 A JP 2018195823A
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Abstract
Description
工程B:アンダーフィルフィルムが貼り合わされた状態で、半導体チップを位置合わせして回路基板上に配置する。
工程C:半導体チップを熱圧着し、ハンダバンプの金属結合による導通確保、及びアンダーフィルフィルムの硬化による接着を行う。
本発明は、上記アクリルモノマーは、上記主組成物の100質量部中に10質量部以上60質量部以下の範囲で含有されたアンダーフィル材である。
本発明は、上記主組成物中の上記アクリルポリマーは、重量平均分子量Mwが、100000以上1200000以下の範囲であるアンダーフィル材である。
本発明は、上記アクリルモノマーは、フルオレン系アクリレートを含むアンダーフィル材である。
本発明は、上記マレイミド化合物は、1分子中にマレイミド基を2つ以上含むアンダーフィル材である。
本発明は、上記マレイミド化合物は、ビスマレイミドであるアンダーフィル材である。
本発明は、フェノール化合物をさらに含むアンダーフィル材である。
本発明は、半導体チップと回路基板との間に配置され、硬化すると前記半導体チップを前記回路基板に固定する未硬化のアンダーフィルフィルムであって、アクリルポリマーと、アクリルモノマーと、マレイミド化合物とから成る主組成物を含有し、上記アクリルポリマーは上記主組成物の100質量部中に10質量部以上60質量部以下の範囲にされ、上記マレイミド化合物は上記主組成物の100質量部中に20質量部以上70質量部以下の範囲にされたアンダーフィルフィルムである。
本発明は、上記アクリルモノマーは上記主組成物の100質量部中に10質量部以上60質量部以下の範囲で含有されたアンダーフィルフィルムである。
本発明は、上記主組成物中の上記アクリルポリマーは、重量平均分子量Mwが100000以上1200000以下の範囲であるアンダーフィルフィルムである。
本発明は、上記アクリルモノマーは、フルオレン系アクリレートを含むアンダーフィルフィルムである。
本発明は、上記マレイミド化合物は、1分子中にマレイミド基を2つ以上含むアンダーフィルフィルムである。
本発明は、上記マレイミド化合物は、ビスマレイミドであるアンダーフィルフィルムである。
本発明は、フェノール化合物をさらに含むアンダーフィルフィルムである。
本発明は、引張破断強度の値が0.01MPa以上5.0MPa以下の範囲に含まれるアンダーフィルフィルムである。
本発明は、上記半導体チップと上記回路基板との間に上記アンダーフィルフィルムが配置された状態で上記半導体チップを加熱しながら上記回路基板に押圧し、上記半導体チップと上記回路基板との間に位置する上記アンダーフィルフィルムの一部を上記半導体チップと上記回路基板との間から押し出し、上記半導体チップのバンプを上記回路基板の基板電極に接触させる仮固定工程と、上記仮固定工程で昇温した温度よりも高い温度に上記半導体チップと上記回路基板と上記アンダーフィルフィルムとを昇温させ、上記バンプを溶融させた後、上記半導体チップと上記アンダーフィルフィルムと上記回路基板とを降温させ、溶融された上記バンプを上記基板電極と接触した状態で固化させる搭載工程と、を有する半導体装置の製造方法である。
マレイミド化合物とアクリルモノマーとの共重合体は耐熱性に優れ、また、共重合体と半導体チップとの間の密着力や、共重合体と回路基板との間の密着力も高いので半導体チップの剥離が無い。
本発明のアンダーフィル材はアンダーフィルフィルムを構成する材料であり、アクリルポリマーと、アクリルモノマーと、マレイミド化合物とを含む主組成物を含有している。
アクリルポリマーは、(メタ)アクリレート成分に由来する構成単位を含むポリマーであり、アンダーフィル材のタック性が強くなりすぎず、半導体の実装工程で作業性を害するおそれが少ないものが好ましい。(メタ)アクリレート成分としては、例えば、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート、tert−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソアミル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘプチル(メタ)アクリレート、オクチルヘプチル(メタ)アクリレート、ノニル(メタ)アクリレート、デシル(メタ)アクリレート、ウンデシル(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリル(メタ)アクリレート等を用いることができる。
アクリルモノマーとしては、単官能(メタ)アクリレート、2官能以上の(メタ)アクリレートを用いることができる。アクリルモノマーとしては、例えば、イソシアヌル酸EO変性ジアクリレート(東亞合成株式会社製)、イソシアヌル酸EO変性トリアクリレート(東亞合成株式会社製)、ジペンタエリスリトール及びテトラアクリレート(東亞合成株式会社製)、2−ヒドロキシ−3−フェノキシプロピルアクリレート(東亞合成株式会社製)、9,9−ビス[4−(2−アクリロイルオキシエトキシ)フェニル]フルオレン(新中村化学工業株式会社製)、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレート(新中村化学工業株式会社製)、エトキシ化ビスフェノールAジアクリレート(新中村化学工業株式会社製)、フルオレン系アクリレート(例えば、製品名:オグソールEA0200、EA0300、大阪ガスケミカル株式会社製)等が挙げられる。これらのアクリルモノマーの中でも、耐熱性等を考慮すると、高耐熱性であるフルオレン系アクリレートが好ましい。
マレイミド化合物としては、例えば、1分子中にマレイミド基を2つ以上有する化合物を用いることができ、ビスマレイミドが好ましい。マレイミド化合物としては、例えば、4−メチル−1,3−フェニレンビスマレイミド、4,4−ビスマレイミドジフェニルメタン、m−フェニレンビスマレイミド、ビスフェノールAジフェニルエーテルビスマレイミド、3,3’−ジメチル−5,5'−ジエチル−4,4’-ジフェニルメタンビスマレイミド等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、芳香族ビスマレイミドが好ましく、特に、アンダーフィルフィルムの製造工程における作業性を考慮すると、溶剤溶解性やフロー性が良好な3,3’−ジメチル−5,5'−ジエチル−4,4’−ジフェニルメタンビスマレイミドが好ましい。
フェノール化合物は、上述したマレイミド化合物用の硬化剤として用いることができるが、フェノールを含有しなくても熱硬化反応を開始させることができる。フェノール化合物としては、例えば、アリル化ビスフェノールを用いることができ、具体的には、2,2’−ジアリルビスフェノールA(製品名:DABPA)、4,4’−(ジメチルメチレン)ビス[2−(2−プロペニル)フェノール]、4,4’−メチレンビス[2−(2−プロペニル)フェノール]、4,4’−(ジメチルメチレン)ビス[2−(2−プロペニル)−6−メチルフェノール]などを用いることができる。これらの中でも、2,2’−ジアリルビスフェノールAが好ましい。
フィラーとしては、無機充填剤、有機充填剤、導電性粒子などを用いることができる。特に、線膨張率の低減や信頼性の向上の観点から、無機充填剤(例えばシリカフィラー)を用いることが好ましい。
次に、上述したアンダーフィルフィルム12を用いた半導体装置の製造方法の一例について説明する。半導体装置の製造方法は、例えば、ウエハ上にアンダーフィルフィルム12を貼り付け、ウエハをダイシングし、半導体チップをピックアップし、半導体チップを回路基板に搭載することである。
図8(a)は、ダイシングフィルム21とウェハ11との断面図であり、ウェハ11には、複数のIC(Integrated Circuit)の回路部4が形成されており、各回路部4は、スクライブライン10によって区分けされている。
回路部4の所定の場所の表面上には、回路部4に形成された電気回路と電気的に接続されたバンプ6が設けられている。回路部4の内部の電子回路のうち、バンプ6に接続される部分以外の箇所は、絶縁膜5によってバンプ6と絶縁されている。図1〜図5では、バンプ6とスクライブライン10とは省略されている。
このようなウェハ11の二表面のうち、バンプ6が形成された表面にアンダーフィルフィルム12が貼付される。
図2の符号19は、フィルム状の剥離基材22と、剥離基材22に接着されたアンダーフィルフィルム12とから成る剥離紙付きアンダーフィルフィルム23が巻き取られたローラであり、このローラ19から剥離紙付きアンダーフィルフィルム23を巻き出し、アンダーフィルフィルム12が露出された面を治具13とウエハ11とに接触させて押圧し、アンダーフィルフィルム12をウェハ11に貼付する。図8(b)は、ダイシングフィルム21と剥離紙付きアンダーフィルフィルム23が貼付されたウエハ11との断面図である。
なお、ダイシングフィルム21に代えてウエハ11の裏面にアンダーフィルフィルム12を接着させ、アンダーフィルフィルム12を、ウエハ11のダイシング時にウエハ11を保護・固定し、ピックアップ時に保持するダイシングフィルムとして機能させることもできる。
図8(c)は、ウエハ11に貼付した剥離紙付きアンダーフィルフィルム23を切断してロール19から分離させた後、ウエハ11に貼付した剥離紙付きアンダーフィルフィルム23から剥離基材22を除去した状態が示されており、アンダーフィルフィルム12が貼付されたウエハ11は、ダイシングフィルム21に貼付された状態でダイシング装置の台33上に移動されている。
このようなブレード14による切断により、図4に示すように、複数の平行な切断面26aと、その切断面26aと直角に交叉する複数の切断面26bとが形成されると、ウエハ11は、複数の半導体チップ15に分割される。半導体チップ15は、4個の切断面26a、26bによって取り囲まれておりそれぞれ直角四辺形形状の半導体チップ15にされている。図8(d)はウエハ11が半導体チップ15に分割された状態の断面図である。
図5は、そのような半導体チップ15のピックアップ工程を説明するための斜視図である。ピックアップ装置27の下端に設けられた吸着パッド28を、切断された一個の半導体チップ15上のアンダーフィルフィルム12と接触させ、アンダーフィルフィルム12を吸着し、ダイシングフィルム21の底面下に配置されたピンを上昇させるとピンの上端がダイシングフィルム21を貫通してチップ15の底面と接触し、ピンに半導体チップ15を上方に押圧させると共に、ピックアップ装置27を上方に移動させると吸着パッド28に吸着された半導体チップ15がダイシングフィルム21から剥離して上方に移動される。
符号24は、上方に移動された半導体チップ15によって形成された空洞であり、底面にはダイシングフィルム21が露出され、側面にはダイシングフィルム21上に位置する半導体チップ15の切断面とアンダーフィルフィルム12の切断面とが露出されている。
図9(a)の符号16は半導体チップ15が搭載される回路基板であり、回路基板16は基板本体35と基板本体35の表面に設けられた金属配線29とを有している。金属配線29の一部は、バンプ6と電気的に接続される基板電極7にされている。
基板電極7は、バンプ6が配置されたパターンに対応した位置に配置されており、半導体チップ15は、バンプ6がアンダーフィルフィルム12を介して基板電極7と対面するように位置合わせがされた後、アンダーフィルフィルム12と回路基板16とが接触されている。アンダーフィルフィルム12は、その一部が基板本体35と接触され、他の一部が金属配線29に接触されている。
このとき、バンプ6と基板電極7との間にはアンダーフィルフィルム12が位置しており、バンプ6と基板電極7とは非接触の状態にある。
アンダーフィルフィルム12に含有されるアクリルポリマーは昇温すると軟化する性質を有しており、昇温したアンダーフィルフィルム12の粘度は、昇温前の粘度よりも小さくなる。
アンダーフィルフィルム12の粘度が小さくなると、加熱片32が半導体チップ15を押圧する押圧力(「押圧力」は押圧する力であり「荷重」とも言う)により、半導体チップ15と基板電極7との間のアンダーフィルフィルム12が、半導体チップ15と基板電極7との間から半導体チップ15の外側に押し出され、その結果、半導体チップ15と回路基板16との間の距離が小さくなり、バンプ6が基板電極7に接触する。
加熱片32によって半導体チップ15を加熱する際には、バンプ6は、バンプ6が溶融する温度よりも低温に昇温されており、従ってバンプ6は溶融しない。
アンダーフィルフィルム12は、主組成物中のモノマーが硬化反応を発生させる温度よりも低い温度に昇温されているが、アンダーフィルフィルム12の表面には接着力が発現しており、半導体チップ15は、アンダーフィルフィルム12の接着力によって回路基板16の表面に貼付される。
アンダーフィルフィルム12の軟化による貼付を仮固定工程と称すると、仮固定工程の温度は例えば60℃以上150℃以下の温度範囲である。また、半導体チップ15と回路基板16との間に印加する押圧力の条件は印加する押圧力の値を、例えば90N以下とすることができ、70N以下とすることもでき、40N以下とすることもできる。
また、仮固定のためには加熱ボンダーによる加熱しながら押圧力を印加する時間条件は、例えば、1秒以上120秒以下の時間範囲にすることができる。これにより、加熱ボンダーが加熱・圧力を印加する仮固定工程の間にバンプ6が溶融せずに基板電極7と接している状態とすることができ、且つ、アンダーフィルフィルム12が硬化していない状態とすることができる。図9(c)は仮固定された状態を示している。
仮固定工程では、低い温度で半導体チップ15を回路基板16に仮固定するため、半導体チップ15を回路基板16に接着する際のボイドの発生を抑制し、半導体チップ15へのダメージを低減することができる。
搭載工程の加熱温度条件は、ハンダ等のバンプに用いられた金属の種類にもよるが、例えば、200℃以上280℃以下の温度範囲にバンプ6を昇温させて本固定することができる。また、加熱時間の条件は、例えば、5秒以上500秒以下の時間範囲にすることができる。バンプ6と基板電極7との間の金属結合によって、バンプ6と基板電極7とが電気的、機械的に接続されるともに、半導体チップ15と回路基板16とを接着した状態でアンダーフィルフィルム12が硬化されることで、半導体チップ15を回路基板16に固定させると共に電気的に接続させる本固定を行う。
本発明のアンダーフィル材はアンダーフィルフィルムを構成する組成物であり、アクリルポリマーと、アクリルモノマーと、マレイミド化合物とを含有する。
本発明の実施例のアンダーフィル材の組成と評価結果を下記表1に記載し、比較例のアンダーフィル材の組成と評価結果を下記表2に記載する。
[フィルム破断強度]
表1、2の組成で作製されたアンダーフィルフィルム(厚み40μm)を1cm×3cmの大きさに切断し、引張・圧縮試験機(テンシロン)で引張速度300mm/minでアンダーフィルフィルムを引っ張り、アンダーフィルフィルムが破断した際の荷重を計測し、荷重/断面積を破断強度として測定した。実用上、破断強度の値が0.01MPa以上5.0MPa以下の範囲であることが好ましく、破断強度がこの範囲内である場合を合格と評価し、それ以外を不合格と評価した。
実装開始から終了までの間における、フリップチップボンダーの最大の押圧力(バンプ数20000)を、仮固定する押圧力とした。実用上、仮固定する押圧力は90N以下が好ましく、40N以下がより好ましい。
超音波映像装置(SAT:Scanning Acoustic Tomography)を用いて非破壊でボイドの有無を評価した。具体的には、260℃の加熱温度、表1、2に記載した押圧力で半導体チップをテスト用の基板電極(TEG:Test Element Group)に仮固定した後、200℃に昇温させたオーブンキュアによって4時間加熱した後降温させて本固定し、サンプルを作成し、超音波映像装置によって撮影した超音波画像を観察した。画像を観察した結果、画像中に白色がないと判断したサンプルを合格と評価し、白色が観察されたサンプルを不合格と評価した。下記表1、2の「ボイドレス/SAT画像」の欄には、評価結果が合格の場合を「OK」と記載し、不合格の場合を「NG」と記載した。
テスト用の基板電極には、半導体チップのバンプの電気的接続を確認できるデイジーチェーンの配線パターンがTEGとして設けられており、半導体チップをTEGに搭載し、バンプの接続状態の確認を行った。全ての導通経路の接続が確認できた場合を合格と評価し、1ヶ所でも接続できていない場合を不合格と評価した。表1,2の「接続性(導通)」の欄には、評価結果が合格の場合に「OK」と記載し、不合格の場合に「NG」と記載した。
総合判定を以下の基準で行った。
A:上述したフィルム破断強度、ボイド、接続性の評価結果が合格であり、かつ、押圧力が40N以下。
B:上述したフィルム破断強度、ボイド、接続性の評価評価が合格であり、かつ、押圧力が40Nより大きく90N以下。
C:上述したフィルム破断強度、ボイド、接続性の評価結果のうち少なくとも1つが不合格であるか、又は、押圧力が90Nより大きい。
[組成物の調製]
アクリルポリマー(Mw=1000000)と、アクリルモノマー(製品名:オグソールEA0200、大阪ガスケミカル株式会社製)と、マレイミド化合物(製品名:BMI5100、大和化成工業株式会社製)と、ビスフェノール(製品名:DABPA、大和化成工業株式会社製)と、フィラー(シリカフィラー、製品名:MEK−AC−2140Z、日産化学工業株式会社製)と、メチルエチルケトンとを、表1に示す質量部(又は含有量wt%)となるように秤量し、この組成物を常温のボールミルで12時間以上24時間以下の時間範囲で混合・分散し、均一に溶解混合された組成物を得た。
得られた組成物を、所定のシート厚となるようギャップ調整されたコンマコーター(登録商標)で剥離基材に塗布し、連続して70℃のオーブンで乾燥させてアンダーフィルフィルムを作製した。乾燥時間は、約3分以上5分以下の時間範囲とし、作製したアンダーフィルフィルムの溶剤残分が2wt%以下になるように乾燥時間を調整した。
作製したアンダーフィルフィルムをウエハに接着するために、ダイヤフラム式ラミネーター(株式会社名機製作所)を用いて、60秒間、真空にて、加温(60℃)貼り合わせを行い、アンダーフィルフィルム付きウエハを作製した。
表1,2に示す含有量で組成物を調製したこと以外は、表1、2に記載した条件により、実施例1と同じ製造工程で、実施例2〜8、比較例1〜9のアンダーフィルフィルムを作製した。なお、下記表中、アクリルポリマー、アクリルモノマー及びマレイミド化合物の欄の上段に記載した数値(例えば実施例1のアクリルポリマーでは100)と、フィラー及びフェノール化合物の欄に記載した数値は、各成分の配合量(質量部)を表す。また、下記表1,2中、アクリルポリマー、アクリルモノマー及びマレイミド化合物の欄の下段に記載した数値(例えば実施例1のアクリルポリマーでは30.3wt%)は、アンダーフィル材中の、アクリルポリマーと、アクリルモノマーと、マレイミド化合物とを合計した質量部の値に対する各成分の質量部の値である含有量(wt%)を表す。
Claims (17)
- 半導体チップと回路基板との間に配置され、硬化すると前記半導体チップを前記回路基板に固定する未硬化のアンダーフィル材であって、
アクリルポリマーと、アクリルモノマーと、マレイミド化合物とから成る主組成物を含み、
上記アクリルポリマーは上記主組成物の100質量部中に10質量部以上60質量部以下の範囲で含有され、
上記マレイミド化合物は、上記主組成物の100質量部中に20質量部以上70質量部以下の範囲で含有されたアンダーフィル材。 - 上記アクリルモノマーは、上記主組成物の100質量部中に10質量部以上60質量部以下の範囲で含有された請求項1記載のアンダーフィル材。
- 上記主組成物中の上記アクリルポリマーは、重量平均分子量Mwが、100000以上1200000以下の範囲である請求項1又は2記載のアンダーフィル材。
- 上記アクリルモノマーは、フルオレン系アクリレートを含む請求項1記載のアンダーフィル材。
- 上記マレイミド化合物は、1分子中にマレイミド基を2つ以上含む請求項1記載のアンダーフィル材。
- 上記マレイミド化合物は、ビスマレイミドである請求項1記載のアンダーフィル材。
- フェノール化合物をさらに含む、請求項1記載のアンダーフィル材。
- 半導体チップと回路基板との間に配置され、硬化すると前記半導体チップを前記回路基板に固定する未硬化のアンダーフィルフィルムであって、
アクリルポリマーと、アクリルモノマーと、マレイミド化合物とから成る主組成物を含有し、
上記アクリルポリマーは上記主組成物の100質量部中に10質量部以上60質量部以下の範囲にされ、
上記マレイミド化合物は上記主組成物の100質量部中に20質量部以上70質量部以下の範囲にされたアンダーフィルフィルム。 - 上記アクリルモノマーは上記主組成物の100質量部中に10質量部以上60質量部以下の範囲で含有された請求項8記載のアンダーフィルフィルム。
- 上記主組成物中の上記アクリルポリマーは、重量平均分子量Mwが100000以上1200000以下の範囲である請求項8記載のアンダーフィルフィルム。
- 上記アクリルモノマーは、フルオレン系アクリレートを含む請求項8記載のアンダーフィルフィルム。
- 上記マレイミド化合物は、1分子中にマレイミド基を2つ以上含む請求項8記載のアンダーフィルフィルム。
- 上記マレイミド化合物は、ビスマレイミドである請求項8記載のアンダーフィルフィルム。
- フェノール化合物をさらに含む、請求項8記載のアンダーフィルフィルム。
- 引張破断強度の値が0.01MPa以上5.0MPa以下の範囲に含まれる請求項8記載のアンダーフィルフィルム。
- 半導体チップのバンプが設けられた表面と回路基板の表面との間にアンダーフィルフィルムを配置して、前記アンダーフィルフィルムによって前記半導体チップと前記回路基板とを接着させて半導体装置を製造する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
上記アンダーフィルフィルムは、アクリルポリマーと、アクリルモノマーと、マレイミド化合物とから成る主組成物を含有し、
上記アクリルポリマーは上記主組成物の100質量部中に10質量部以上60質量部以下の範囲で含有され、
上記マレイミド化合物は、上記主組成物の100質量部中に20質量部以上70質量部以下の範囲で含有された半導体装置の製造方法。 - 上記半導体チップと上記回路基板との間に上記アンダーフィルフィルムが配置された状態で上記半導体チップを加熱しながら上記回路基板に押圧し、上記半導体チップと上記回路基板との間に位置する上記アンダーフィルフィルムの一部を上記半導体チップと上記回路基板との間から押し出し、上記半導体チップのバンプを上記回路基板の基板電極に接触させる仮固定工程と、
上記仮固定工程で昇温した温度よりも高い温度に上記半導体チップと上記回路基板と上記アンダーフィルフィルムとを昇温させ、上記バンプを溶融させた後、上記半導体チップと上記アンダーフィルフィルムと上記回路基板とを降温させ、溶融された上記バンプを上記基板電極と接触した状態で固化させる搭載工程と、
を有する請求項16記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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