JP2018179826A - 温度検知材料、それを用いた温度検知インク、温度インジケータ、および物品管理システム - Google Patents
温度検知材料、それを用いた温度検知インク、温度インジケータ、および物品管理システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
示温材A、Ax:急冷すると結晶化せずに非晶状態として凝固する材料
示温材B、Bx:冷却すると過冷却状態の液体状態となる材料
であり、温度Tの下付文字について
a:顕色、
d:消色、
1,2,3:それぞれ第1、2、3示温材、
A,B,Ax,Bx:示温材の種類、
を示す。例えば、Ta1Aは、第1示温材に示温材Aを用いた顕色温度、Ta2Axは、第2示温材に示温材Axを用いた顕色温度を示す。
示温材としては、温度変化(昇温/降温)により色濃度が可逆的に変化する材料を用いる。示温材は、電子供与性化合物であるロイコ染料と、電子受容性化合物である顕色剤と、変色の温度範囲を制御するための消色剤と、を含む。
(実施例1)
図2は、実施例1の温度検知材料の色濃度変化を示す図であり、(a)は第1示温材Aの場合、(b)は第2示温材Bの場合、(c)は(a)(b)の組合せの場合である。図2の各図において、縦軸は色濃度、横軸は温度である。
図3は、実施例2の温度検知材料の色濃度変化を示す図であり、(a)は第1示温材Aの場合、(b)は第2示温材Axの場合、(c)は(a)(b)の組合せの場合である。図3の各図において、縦軸は色濃度、横軸は温度である。
図5は、実施例3の温度検知材料の色濃度変化を示す図であり、(a)は第1示温材Aの場合、(b)は第2示温材Bの場合、(c)は第3示温材Bxの場合、(d)は(a)(b)(c)の組合せの場合である。
本実施形態の温度検知材料は、第1示温材を含む第1材料と、第2示温材を含む第2材料と、を含み、第1示温材および第2示温材は、ロイコ染料、顕色剤および消色剤を含み、色濃度−温度曲線にヒステリシス特性を有している。第1示温材は、昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1(例えば、Ta1A)が昇温過程における消色温度Td1(例えば、Td1A)よりも低く、融解後、所定の冷却速度以上で昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1未満に冷却されると、非晶状態となり消色状態に保持され、第2示温材は、顕色温度Ta2(例えば、Ta2B、Ta2Ax)が昇温過程における消色温度Td2(例えば、Td2B、Td2Ax)よりも低く、昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1が、昇温過程における消色温度Td2未満であり、顕色温度Ta2が、昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1未満である。
(ロイコ染料)
ロイコ染料は、電子供与性化合物であって、従来、感圧複写紙用の染料や、感熱記録紙用染料として公知のものを利用できる。例えば、トリフェニルメタンフタリド系、フルオラン系、フェノチアジン系、インドリルフタリド系、ロイコオーラミン系、スピロピラン系、ローダミンラクタム系、トリフェニルメタン系、トリアゼン系、スピロフタランキサンテン系、ナフトラクタム系、アゾメチン系等が挙げられる。ロイコ染料の具体例としては、9−(N−エチル−N−イソペンチルアミノ)スピロ[ベンゾ[a]キサンテン−12,3’−フタリド]、2−メチル−6−(Np−トリル−N−エチルアミノ)−フルオラン6−(ジエチルアミノ)−2−[(3−トリフルオロメチル)アニリノ]キサンテン−9−スピロ−3’−フタリド、3,3−ビス(p−ジエチルアミノフェニル)−6−ジメチルアミノフタリド、2’−アニリノ−6’−(ジブチルアミノ)−3’−メチルスピロ[フタリド−3,9’−キサンテン]、3−(4−ジエチルアミノ−2−メチルフェニル)−3−(1−エチル−2−メチルインドール−3−イル)−4−アザフタリド、1−エチル−8−[N−エチル−N−(4−メチルフェニル)アミノ]−2,2,4−トリメチル−1,2−ジヒドロスピロ[11H−クロメノ[2,3−g]キノリン−11,3’−フタリド]が挙げられる。
示温材は、2種以上のロイコ染料を組合せて用いてもよい。
顕色剤は、電子供与性のロイコ染料と接触することで、ロイコ染料の構造を変化させて呈色させるものである。顕色剤としては、感熱記録紙や感圧複写紙等に用いられる顕色剤として公知のものを利用できる。このような顕色剤の具体例としては、4−ヒドロキシ安息香酸ベンジル、2,2′−ビフェノール、1,1−ビス(3−シクロヘキシル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、2,2−ビス(3−シクロヘキシル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)スルフィド、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル、没食子酸エステル等のフェノール類等を挙げることができる。顕色剤は、これらに限定されるものではなく、電子受容体でありロイコ染料を変色させることができる化合物であればよい。また、カルボン酸誘導体の金属塩、サリチル酸およびサリチル酸金属塩、スルホン酸類、スルホン酸塩類、リン酸類、リン酸金属塩類、酸性リン酸エステル類、酸性リン酸エステル金属塩類、亜リン酸類、亜リン酸金属塩類等を用いてもよい。特に、ロイコ染料や後述する消色剤に対する相溶性が高いものが好ましく、4−ヒドロキシ安息香酸ベンジル、2,2′−ビスフェノール、ビスフェノールA、没食子酸エステル類等の有機系顕色剤が好ましい。
消色剤は、ロイコ染料と顕色剤との結合を解離させることが可能な化合物であり、ロイコ染料と顕色剤との呈色温度を制御できる化合物である。一般的に、ロイコ染料が呈色した状態の温度範囲では、消色剤が相分離した状態で固化している。また、ロイコ染料が消色状態となる温度範囲では、消色剤は融解しており、ロイコ染料と顕色剤との結合を解離させる機能が発揮された状態である。そのため、消色剤の状態変化温度が示温材の温度制御に対して重要になる。
デヒドロエピアンドロステロンアセタート、エチステロン、エピアンドロステロン、17β−ヒドロキシ−17−メチルアンドロスタ−1、4−ジエン−3−オン、メチルアンドロステンジオール、メチルテストステロン、Δ9(11)−メチルテストステロン、1α−メチルアンドロスタン−17β−オール−3−オン、17α−メチルアンドロスタン−17β−オール−3−オン、スタノゾロール、テストステロン、プロピオン酸テストステロン、アルトレノゲスト、16−デヒドロプレグネノロンアセタート、酢酸16、17−エポキシプレグネノロン、11α−ヒドロキシプロゲステロン、17α−ヒドロキシプロゲステロンカプロアート、17α−ヒドロキシプロゲステロン、酢酸プレグネノロン、17α−ヒドロキシプロゲステロンアセタート、酢酸メゲストロール、酢酸メドロキシプロゲステロン、酢酸プレグネノロン、5β−プレグナン−3α、20α−ジオール、ブデソニド、コルチコステロン、酢酸コルチゾン、コルチゾン、コルテキソロン、デオキシコルチコステロンアセタート、デフラザコート、酢酸ヒドロコルチゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン、17−酪酸ヒドロコルチゾン、6α−メチルプレドニゾロン、プレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、酢酸プレドニゾロン、デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、コール酸ナトリウム、コール酸メチル、ヒオデオキシコール酸メチル、β−コレスタノール、コレステロール−5α、6α−エポキシド、ジオスゲニン、エルゴステロール、β−シトステロール、スチグマステロール、β−シトステロールアセタートなどのステロイド化合物などが挙げられる。ロイコ染料および顕色剤との相溶性の観点から、これらの化合物を含むことが好ましい。勿論、これらの化合物に限定されるものではなく、ロイコ染料と顕色剤との結合を解離させることが可能である材料であれば何でもよい。
前記の示温材の組合せを、温度検知材料として用いるためには、複数の形態が存在する。上限検知材料と下限検知材料を混合すると、それぞれの機能を阻害してしまうため、分離した構造が必要である。また、下限検知材料は、液体が結晶化することで顕色するため、示温材の構造が変化する。そのため、取り扱い性の観点より、液体を保護する形態が必要である。
マイクロカプセル化することにより、前記したように組成の光や湿度等に対する耐環境性が向上し、保存安定性、変色特性の安定化等が可能となる。また、マイクロカプセル化により、インク、塗料などに調製した際に、ロイコ染料、顕色剤、消色剤が他の樹脂剤、添加剤等の化合物から受ける影響を抑制することが可能である。
相分離構造体とは、示温材であるロイコ染料、顕色剤、消色剤をマトリックス材料中に分散させ、固体材料化したものとする。これにより、マイクロカプセル化ではない簡便な手法により、マイクロカプセル同様に保存安定性、変色特性の安定化等が可能となる。また、インク、塗料などに調製した際に、ロイコ染料、顕色剤、消色剤が他の樹脂剤、添加剤等の化合物から受ける影響を抑制することが可能である。
マトリックス材料は、示温材と混合したときに、示温材の顕色性および消色性を損なわない材料である必要がある。そのため、それ自身が顕色性を示さない材料であることが好ましい。このような材料として、電子受容体ではない非極性材料を用いることができる。
また、使用温度において液体状態であるマトリックス材料でも、示温材と相分離構造を示せば、温度検知材料として用いることが可能である。マトリックス材料が高粘度の液体であれば、固体状態のマトリックス材料と同様に取り扱い性に優れる。しかしながら、マトリックス材料が高粘度液体の場合、長期間の使用においてマトリックス材料中の示温材の沈降は避けられず、最終的には2相に分離してしまう。そのため、温度検知材料としての長期安定性は低い。
図6は、温度検知材料の相分離構造を示す模式図であり、(a)は顕色している状態の場合、(b)は消色している状態の場合である。温度検知材料1は、マトリックス材料3中に示温材2が分散した相分離構造を形成している。つまり、ロイコ染料と、顕色剤と、消色剤とを含む相が、マトリックス材料中に分散した構造を形成している。
実施例に係る温度検知材料は、例えば、以下の方法で作製することができる。温度検知材料の製造方法は、ロイコ染料と、顕色剤と、消色剤と、マトリックス材料と、をマトリックス材料の融点以上の温度に加温し、混合する混合工程と、混合工程で得られる混合物を、マトリックス材料の凝固点以下の温度に冷却する工程と、を備える。冷却過程において、マトリックス材料と示温材とが速やかに相分離し、マトリックス材料中にロイコ染料と、顕色剤と、消色剤とからなる相が分散した相分離構造が形成する。
実施例に係る温度検知材料を含む温度検知インク・塗料を作製することも可能である。
温度検知インクは、温度検知材料と、溶媒と、を含む。温度検知材料を、溶媒に分散させることにより、ペン、スタンプ、クレヨン、インクジェットなどのインクや印刷用の塗料に適用することが可能となる。溶媒としては、揮発性のある有機溶媒を用いることができる。
実施例に係る温度検知インクは、帯電制御式インクジェットプリンタ用インクに適用することができる。帯電制御式インクジェットプリンタ用インクは、温度検知材料と、揮発性の有機溶媒と、樹脂と、導電剤と、を含む。
図8は、温度インジケータの構成を示す模式図である。温度インジケータは、基材4と、基材上に配置された温度検知材料1と、温度検知材料上に配置された透明基材5と、スペーサ6を備え、温度検知材料を、基材4と透明基材5で挟んだ構造である。
、且つ温度検知材料の変色を視認できればよい。
機材料や、セラミックスや金属などの無機材料や、それらの複合材料など自由に選択可能
である。数種の材料で層構造を形成してもよい。高強度、耐熱性、耐候性、耐薬品性、断
熱性、導電性など、温度インジケータに要求される特性に合わせて選択する。シールを用
いることで、検知したい対象物に対して密着させることも可能である。
い。
ックなどの有機材料や、セラミックスや金属などの無機材料や、それらの複合材料など自
由に選択可能である。温度検知材料の少なくとも一部の箇所の変色を視認する必要がある
ため、透明性が必要である。たとえば、透明性の高い紙、アクリル、ポリカーボネート、
シクロオレフィンなどの透明性の高いプラスチックなどの有機材料や、ガラス、透明電極
膜などの透明性の高い無機化合物などが挙げられる。これらの透明性の高い材料以外にも
、薄膜化して透明性を高めた材料も可能である。数種の材料で層構造を形成してもよい。
これらの中から、高強度、耐熱性、耐候性、耐薬品性、断熱性、導電性や、急冷に対する熱衝撃への耐性など、温度インジケータに要求される特性に合わせて選択できる。
ない。視認性の観点からは、透明基材が長方形の場合は短手方向、楕円の場合は短径が3
0μm以上が好ましい。
温度インジケータは、以下の方法で作製することができる。ロイコ染料と、顕色剤と、消色剤と、マトリックス材料と、を混合し、マトリックス材料の融点以上に加温する。加温により液体状態にした温度検知材料を連続多孔質材料に含浸する。その後、マトリックス材料の凝固点以下に冷却する。
図9は、図8の変形例に係る温度インジケータの構成を示す模式図である。温度インジケータは、温度検知材料が視認できる程度の範囲で、透明基材と温度検知材料の間または透明基材の上部に他の材料を備えていてもよい。
上限下限検知材料に関して、それぞれが複数種類(複数温度)ある材料も同様に作製可能である。例えば、上限温度3種を異なる色で検知する材料や、上限温度2種・下限温度2種を異なる色で検知する材料など、上限下限同時検知に限定されず、幅広く応用可能である。
図11は、温度インジケータの作製とその検証結果を示す図であり、(a)は温度インジケータの構成、(b)は温度インジケータ用の基材構造、(c)は検証結果を示す。示温材である第1材料11および第2材料12および第3材料13を以下のように作製した。
作製した温度インジケータを10℃以上の環境に置いたところ、第1材料が1時間後に赤色に変色することが確認できた。同様に、作製した温度インジケータを−10℃以下の環境に置いたところ、第2材料が1時間後に青色に変色することが確認できた。同様に、作製した温度インジケータを−20℃以下の環境に置いたところ、第2材料が10分後に、第3材料が1時間後に、青色に変色することが確認できた。また、一度変色した温度インジケータを0℃の環境に置いたところ、変色状態が保持されたままであることが確認できた。さらに、変色した温度インジケータを第1材料、第2材料、第3材料全ての消色剤の融点以上であり、マトリックス材料の融点以下である120℃で10分間加熱したところ、変色状態が元に戻ることを確認できた。その後に、作製した温度インジケータを10℃以上の環境に置いたところ、第1材料が1時間後に赤色に変色することが確認できた。同様に、作製した温度インジケータを−10℃以下の環境に置いたところ、第2材料が1時間後に青色に変色することが確認できた。同様に、作製した温度インジケータを−20℃以下の環境に置いたところ、第2材料が10分後に、第3材料が1時間後に、青色に変色することが確認できた。
図12は、品質管理システムの構成を示す図である。ここでは、工場61で製造された物品20が、店舗67に搬送され、店舗67で物品20が管理されたのち顧客68に物品20がわたる流通ルートにおける品質管理を例にあげて説明する。
図20(a)の場合、図19に対して、積替場65のL091において、第2判定結果が「NG」のため、「注意」喚起がされていることがわかる。その後、搬送車66においても、第1判定結果および第3判定結果が「OK」であるため、物品の搬送が継続されている。
2 示温材(ロイコ染料、顕色剤、消色剤の組成物)
3 マトリックス材料
4 基材
5 透明基材
6 スペーサ
7 印字紙
8 断熱層
11 第1材料
12 第2材料
13 第3材料
14 窪み
15 シールフィルム
20 物品
21 バーコード
22 温度インジケータ
30 品質管理端末(管理端末)
31 入力部
32 表示部
33 読取部
34 記憶部
35 処理部
36 通信部
37 スイッチ
38 筺体
39 持ち手部
40 管理サーバ(管理装置)
41 処理部
42 記憶部
421 物品情報
422 温度インジケータ情報
426 品質管理情報
50 管理者端末
NW ネットワーク
QCS 品質管理システム(物品管理システム)
Claims (15)
- 第1示温材を含む第1材料と、第2示温材を含む第2材料と、を含み、
前記第1示温材および前記第2示温材は、ロイコ染料、顕色剤および消色剤を含み、色濃度−温度曲線にヒステリシス特性を有し、
前記第1示温材は、昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1が昇温過程における消色温度Td1よりも低く、融解後、所定の冷却速度以上で前記昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1未満に冷却されると、非晶状態となり消色状態に保持され、
前記第2示温材は、顕色温度Ta2が昇温過程における消色温度Td2よりも低く、
前記昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1が、前記昇温過程における消色温度Td2未満であり、
前記顕色温度Ta2が、前記昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1未満であることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項1に記載の温度検知材料であって、
前記第2示温材の前記顕色温度Ta2は降温過程における顕色温度であり、
前記第2示温材は、融解後、前記第2示温材の前記顕色温度Ta2より高く前記第1示温材の前記昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1未満に冷却されると、液体状態となり消色状態に保持されることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項1に記載の温度検知材料であって、
前記第2示温材の前記顕色温度Ta2は昇温過程における顕色温度であり、
前記第2示温材は、融解後、所定の冷却速度以上で前記顕色温度Ta2未満に冷却されると、非晶状態となり消色状態に保持されることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項2に記載の温度検知材料であって、
さらに第3示温材を含む第3材料を含み、
前記第3示温材は、ロイコ染料、顕色剤および消色剤を含み、色濃度−温度曲線にヒステリシス特性を有し、降温過程における顕色温度Ta3が昇温過程における消色温度Td3よりも低く、
前記第3示温材は、融解後、前記降温過程における顕色温度Ta3より高く、前記第1示温材の前記昇温過程における顕色温度Ta1未満に冷却されると、液体状態となり消色状態に保持され、
前記第1示温材、前記第2示温材、および前記第3示温材は、Ta3<Ta2<Ta1、Ta1<Td1、Ta1<Td2、Ta1<Td3の関係を有することを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の温度検知材料であって、
前記第1材料および前記第2材料は、さらに非極性材料からなるマトリックス材料を含み、
前記第1材料に含まれるマトリックス材料の融点は、前記第1示温材の融点よりも高く、前記マトリックス材料中に前記第1示温材が分散した相分離構造を形成しており、
前記第2材料に含まれるマトリックス材料の融点は、前記第2示温材の融点よりも高く、前記マトリックス材料中に前記第2示温材が分散した相分離構造を形成していることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の温度検知材料であって、
前記第1材料は、前記第1示温材を内包したマイクロカプセルからなり、
前記第2材料は、前記第2示温材を内包したマイクロカプセルからなることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項2に記載の温度検知材料であって、
前記第2材料は、前記第2示温材の融点よりも高い融点を有する非極性材料からなるマトリックス材料中に前記第2示温材が分散した相分離構造を形成している材料、または第2示温材を内包したマイクロカプセルからなる材料であることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項4に記載の温度検知材料であって、
前記第2材料は、前記第2示温材の融点よりも高い融点を有する非極性材料からなるマトリックス材料中に前記第2示温材が分散した相分離構造を形成している材料、または第2示温材を内包したマイクロカプセルからなる材料であり、
前記第3材料は、前記第3示温材の融点よりも高い融点を有する非極性材料からなるマトリックス材料中に前記第3示温材が分散した相分離構造を形成している材料、または第3示温材を内包したマイクロカプセルからなる材料であることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の温度検知材料であって、
前記第1材料および前記第2材料の融点が、60℃〜150℃であることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の温度検知材料と、溶剤と、を含み、
インク状態であることを特徴とする温度検知材料。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の温度検知材料と、基板と、を含み
前記基板上に前記温度検知材料を配設されたことを特徴とする温度インジケータ。 - 物品に添付された請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の温度検知材料の色調情報を収集し、前記色調情報に基づいたその物品が置かれた環境を管理する管理装置と、
前記物品に添付された該物品を識別する物品識別情報を取得するとともに、前記温度検知材料の色調情報を取得する管理端末と、を有し、
前記管理端末は、前記取得した色調情報を取得した際に、色変化があったか否かの旨を表示部に表示するとともに、前記管理装置に前記物品識別情報と前記色調情報を取得した時刻と前記色変化があったか否かの旨とを関連付けて送信することを特徴とする物品管理システム。 - 請求項12に記載の物品管理システムであって、
前記管理端末は、前記色変化があった際に、前記表示部に前記物品の流通が適さない旨を表示し、前記色変化がなかった際に、前記表示部に前記物品の流通が適する旨を表示することを特徴とする物品管理システム。 - 請求項12に記載の物品管理システムであって、
前記管理装置には、前記物品に添付された前記温度検知材料の色濃度とその環境に置かれた時間との関係を示す色濃度時間情報が記憶部に記憶されており、
前記管理端末は、前記取得した物品識別情報に基づく前記色濃度時間情報を前記管理装置から取得し、前記取得した色調情報の色濃度と前記色濃度時間情報に基づきその環境に置かれた時間を算出し、前記算出した時間を表示部に表示するとともに、前記管理装置に前記物品識別情報と前記算出した時間とを関連付けて送信することを特徴とする物品管理システム。 - 物品に添付された請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の温度検知材料の色調情報を収集し、前記色調情報に基づいたその物品が置かれた環境を管理する管理装置と、
前記物品に添付された前記物品を識別する物品識別情報を取得するとともに、前記温度検知材料の色調情報を取得する管理端末と、を有し、
前記管理装置には、前記物品に添付された温度検知材料の色濃度とその環境に置かれた時間との関係を示す色濃度時間情報が記憶部に記憶されており、
前記管理端末は、前記取得した物品識別情報に基づく前記色濃度時間情報を前記管理装置から取得し、前記取得した色調情報の色濃度と前記色濃度時間情報に基づきその環境に置かれた時間を算出し、前記算出した時間を表示部に表示するとともに、前記管理装置に前記物品識別情報と前記算出した時間とを関連付けて送信することを特徴とする物品管理システム。
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JP7506984B2 (ja) | 2020-02-18 | 2024-06-27 | 株式会社日立産機システム | 液体定量吐出装置 |
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CN110603431A (zh) | 2019-12-20 |
US20200041359A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
JP7022516B2 (ja) | 2022-02-18 |
CN110603431B (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
WO2018193781A1 (ja) | 2018-10-25 |
EP3614113A4 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
EP3614113A1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
EP3614113B1 (en) | 2024-07-17 |
US11933677B2 (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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