JP2018090711A - 架橋アクリル微粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
架橋アクリル微粒子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018090711A JP2018090711A JP2016235727A JP2016235727A JP2018090711A JP 2018090711 A JP2018090711 A JP 2018090711A JP 2016235727 A JP2016235727 A JP 2016235727A JP 2016235727 A JP2016235727 A JP 2016235727A JP 2018090711 A JP2018090711 A JP 2018090711A
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Landscapes
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
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- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
[1]下記一般式(1)で表される構成単位(1)30〜99質量%と、ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を2以上有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(2)0.25〜65質量%と、ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を1つ有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(3)0〜69.75質量%と、を含む樹脂により形成された架橋アクリル微粒子。
[2]下記一般式(2)で表されるモノマーに由来する構成単位(X)3〜97質量%と、ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を2以上有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(2)3〜97質量%と、ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を1つ有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(3)0〜94質量%と、を含む樹脂により形成された、リビングラジカル重合しうる基を有する架橋アクリル微粒子。
[3]前記[1]に記載の架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子A)の製造方法であって、前記[2]に記載の架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子B)と、メタクリル酸系モノマーを90質量%以上含むモノマー成分と、を重合する工程を有する架橋アクリル微粒子の製造方法。
[4]前記一般式(2)中のZが臭素原子であり、ヨウ化物イオンを生成しうる化合物の存在下で、前記架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子B)と、前記モノマー成分と、を重合する前記[3]に記載の架橋アクリル微粒子の製造方法。
まず、リビングラジカル重合しうる基(リビングラジカル重合基)を有する架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子B)について説明する。微粒子(B)を構成する樹脂は、一般式(2)で表されるモノマーに由来する構成単位(X)を含む。一般式(2)中、Zで表される基が結合した炭素原子からポリマーが生成して、ポリマー(一般式(1)中の「Polymer A」)がグラフトした樹脂からなる架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子A)が形成される。
次に、微粒子Bを用いて架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子A)を製造する方法について説明する。微粒子Aは、微粒子Bと、メタクリル酸系モノマーを90質量%以上含むモノマー成分とを重合することによって製造することができる。微粒子Bとモノマー成分とは、具体的にはリビングラジカル重合法により重合させる。すなわち、一般式(2)中のZで表される基(ハロゲン原子)が触媒や熱によりラジカルとなって脱離するとともに、ハロゲン原子が結合していた炭素原子がラジカルとなる。そして、生成したラジカルがモノマー成分と反応し、ラジカルが生成する。生成したラジカルに脱離したハロゲンラジカルが直ちに結合して安定化させる。生成したラジカルをこのように安定化させることで、ラジカル同士のカップリングなどによる停止反応を生じにくくすることができる。これにより、微粒子Bにおけるリビングラジカル重合しうる基からメタクリレート系モノマーを含むモノマー成分が逐次重合して一般式(1)中の「Polymer A」で表されるポリマーが形成され、微粒子Aを得ることができる。
次に、本発明の架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子A)について説明する。本発明の微粒子Aは、下記一般式(1)で表される構成単位(1)と、ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を2以上有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(2)と、ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を1つ有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(3)と、を含む樹脂により形成された架橋アクリル微粒子である。この樹脂微粒子Aを形成する樹脂は、微粒子Bに「Polymer A」がグラフトした構造を有する。本発明の微粒子Aは、上述の通り、微粒子Bと、メタクリル酸系モノマーを90質量%以上含むモノマー成分とを重合することによって製造することができる。
温度計を取り付けた2Lの三口丸型フラスコ(反応容器)に、酢酸エチル670部、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(DEGDMA)65部、及びメタクリル酸2−(2−ブロモイソブチリルオキシ)エチル(BEMA)5.7部を入れ、緩く栓をして、70℃の湯浴に浸漬させた。別容器に、酢酸エチル20部及びアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)2.2部を入れ、AIBNを溶解させて重合開始剤溶液を調製した。反応容器の系全体が65℃に達したところで、調製した重合開始剤溶液を反応容器内に添加し、その温度で10時間反応させた。反応により系内が白濁するとともに、粒子が凝集して析出してきた。冷却及びろ過後、酢酸エチルで洗浄した。70℃の送風乾燥機にて乾燥して、白色の微粒子(微粒子B−1)69.7部を得た。収率より、ほぼすべてのモノマーが反応したと考えられる。すなわち、得られた微粒子を構成する樹脂中、BEMAに由来する構成単位の含有量は8.1%であり、DEGDMAに由来する構成単位の含有量は91.9%である。得られた微粒子B−1の粒子構造を示す顕微鏡写真を図1に示す。コールターカウンター(ベックマン・コールター社製)を使用して測定した微粒子B−1の数平均粒子径は1.86μmであった。以下、断りがない限り、上記の方法によって微粒子の重量平均粒子径を測定した。粉砕機を使用して得られた微粒子B−1を粉砕した後、100メッシュパスさせた。
MMAに代えて、メタクリル酸ラウリル(LMA)、ポリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(Mw=200)モノメタクリレート(PEGMEMA)、及びメタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル(HEMA)をそれぞれ用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にして微粒子A−2、A−3、及びA−4を調製した。調製した微粒子A−2、A−3、及びA−4の詳細を表1に示す。
MMAに代えて、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル(DMAEMA)50部を用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にして微粒子A−5を調製した。リチウムブロマイドDMF溶液を展開溶媒とするGPCにより測定した「Polymer A」の数平均分子量は6,500であり、PDIは1.65であった。反応溶液に10%酢酸水溶液190部を加えて中和した後、水2,000部の入ったフラスコへ撹拌しながら添加した。次いで、1%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を徐々に加えて微粒子を析出させた後、70℃に加温して凝集させた。凝集物をろ過して洗浄した後、50℃の送風乾燥機にて24時間乾燥させて微粒子を得た。得られた微粒子の一部をトルエン/エタノール溶液に添加して撹拌混合した後、ブロモフェノールブルーを指示薬とし、0.1N塩酸イソプロパノール溶液にて滴定して測定したアミン価は250.1mgKOH/gであった。以上より、多価アミン価の樹脂からなる微粒子が得られたことがわかる。
メタノール100部、及び実施例5で得た微粒子A−5 20部をセパラブルフラスコに入れ、室温で撹拌及び混合した。次いで、塩化ベンジル11.3部及びメタノール50部の混合物を徐々に滴下した。室温で2時間撹拌した後、4時間還流して微粒子A−6を得た。得られた微粒子A−6を構成する樹脂のアミン価は2mgKOH/gであった。すなわち、微粒子A−5を構成する樹脂のアミノ基が第4級アンモニウム塩になったと考えられる。微粒子A−6は、第4級アンモニウム塩を側鎖に有する「Polymer A」が結合した樹脂からなる微粒子であり、イオン交換樹脂や金属補足剤などとして有用であると考えられる。なお、DMAEMAに代えて、メタクリル酸トリメチルアンモニウムエチルクロリドを用いること以外は、前述の実施例5と同様に操作しても、微粒子A−6と同様の微粒子を得ることができた。実施例5で得た微粒子A−5や、実施例6で得た微粒子A−6は、イオン交換樹脂や金属補足剤などとして有用である。
MMAに代えて、メタクリル酸ベンジル(BzMA)60部、HEMA10部、及びメタクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル(2EHMA)30部を用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にして微粒子A−7を調製した。GPCにより測定した「Polymer A」の数平均分子量は15,200であった。また、微粒子A−7の重量平均粒子径は3.21μmであり、一般式(1)で表される構成単位(1)の含有量は74.2%であった。このようにして調製した微粒子A−7は、反応性基である水酸基を側鎖に有する「Polymer A」が結合した樹脂からなる微粒子であるため、この水酸基を架橋反応や化学修飾に利用しうる微粒子である。
微粒子Bを構成する樹脂の組成比(モノマー組成)を表2に示すようにしたこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にして微粒子B及び微粒子A(微粒子A−8、A−9、及びA−10)を調製した。調製した微粒子A−9、A−9、及びA−10の詳細を表2に示す。なお、実施例10では、微粒子Bを構成するモノマーとしてメタクリル酸ブチル(BMA)を用いた。
200mL容器に、スチレン50部、ジビニルベンゼン10部、EBMA10部、反応性界面活性剤(商品名「ラテムルPD−420」、花王社製)3部、及びヘキサデカン4.6部を入れ、均一に溶解させてモノマー混合液を得た。得られたモノマー混合液とイオン交換水122.4部を混合し、高圧ホモジナイザーにて5パス処理してミニエマルション液滴を調製した。調製したミニエマルション液滴、及びイオン交換水110.4部を500mL反応溶液に入れ、撹拌しながら60℃に加熱した。60℃に達したところで過硫酸アンモニウム0.21部を添加し、18時間重合して白色の乳液を得た。光散乱平均粒子径測定装置(商品名「Photal PAR−IIIS」、大塚電子社製)を使用して測定した乳液中の微粒子の重量平均粒子径は、321nmであった。乳液の一部をサンプリングし、重量法によって算出した重合転化率は、ほぼ100%であった。得られた乳液を90℃に加温して粒子を凝集させた後、熱時ろ過した。固形分を温水で洗浄した後、乾燥及び粉砕して、微粒子B−11 70.2部を得た。
Claims (4)
- 下記一般式(1)で表される構成単位(1)30〜99質量%と、
ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を2以上有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(2)0.25〜65質量%と、
ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を1つ有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(3)0〜69.75質量%と、
を含む樹脂により形成された架橋アクリル微粒子。
(前記一般式(1)中、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に水素原子又はメチル基を示し、Xは、O又はNHを示し、Yは、2価の有機基を示し、nは、任意の繰り返し数を示し、「Polymer A」は、メタクリル酸系モノマーに由来する構成単位を90質量%以上含むポリマーを示す) - 下記一般式(2)で表されるモノマーに由来する構成単位(X)3〜97質量%と、
ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を2以上有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(2)3〜97質量%と、
ラジカル重合しうる不飽和結合を1つ有するモノマーに由来する構成単位(3)0〜94質量%と、
を含む樹脂により形成された、リビングラジカル重合しうる基を有する架橋アクリル微粒子。
(前記一般式(2)中、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に水素原子又はメチル基を示し、Xは、O又はNHを示し、Yは、2価の有機基を示し、Zは、塩素原子、臭素原子、又はヨウ素原子を示す) - 請求項1に記載の架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子A)の製造方法であって、
請求項2に記載の架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子B)と、メタクリル酸系モノマーを90質量%以上含むモノマー成分と、を重合する工程を有する架橋アクリル微粒子の製造方法。 - 前記一般式(2)中のZが臭素原子であり、
ヨウ化物イオンを生成しうる化合物の存在下で、前記架橋アクリル微粒子(微粒子B)と、前記モノマー成分と、を重合する請求項3に記載の架橋アクリル微粒子の製造方法。
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