JP2016169233A - 萎縮性加齢性黄斑変性の処置方法 - Google Patents
萎縮性加齢性黄斑変性の処置方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】液体または固体のポリマービヒクル(あるいはその両方)、例えば、生分解性ヒアルロン酸またはPLGA(またはPLA)中の、抗血管新生剤(例えばベバシズマブ)の眼内位置への投与により、dry型加齢性黄斑変性(dry型AMD)を処置するための組成物および方法。
【選択図】なし
Description
下記の用語は、下記の意味を有することが定義される:
下記の実施例は本発明の様々な局面および実施形態を例示する。
78歳の男性が加齢性黄斑変性および白内障を両方の眼に有する。この患者はまた、心臓血管疾患および下壁心筋梗塞の病歴を6ヶ月前に有し得る。この患者は、右眼におけるかすんだ視覚および変視症を訴えることがあり、検査により、右眼の視力が20/400であり、左眼の視力が20/32であることが明らかにされ得る。網膜検査では、右眼において、サイズがおよそ1つ分の円板区域である中心窩下脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)(右眼のwet型AMD)が、周囲の出血および浮腫とともに示され得る。左眼では、脈絡膜血管新生の徴候は、フルオレセイン血管造影法によって確認されないが、wet型AMDを発症することについての高リスクの特徴(例えば、中心窩を含んだ軟らかい無定形態らしいドルーゼン)が示され得る(左眼のdry型AMD)。患者は、wet型AMDの右眼においてラニビズマブ(抗血管新生剤)の月1回の硝子体内注入を開始することができ、4ヶ月以内に浮腫および出血が消散し、視力が20/125に回復する。
74歳の男性が、片方(右)の眼がdry型加齢性AMDであり、他方(左)の眼がwet型AMDであると診断されている。この男性は、右眼の視力が20/40である。この男性は、dry型AMD眼の中への持続放出型薬物送達システムの硝子体内注入によって処置される。持続放出型薬物送達システムは、総量で約6マイクログラム(低用量)の活性薬剤(ベバシズマブ)をポリマービヒクルに含む。ポリマービヒクルは、高粘度ヒアルロン酸またはPLGAもしくはPLAであり、ベバシズマブ(抗血管新生剤)とともに、複数のミクロスフェアまたは1つのモノリシックインプラント(その中で、ベバシズマブは均一に分布する)を形成する。あるいは、持続放出型薬物送達システムは、ベバシズマブのミクロスフェアまたはインプラントをヒアルロン酸(架橋型または非架橋型)中に含むことができ、その結果、粘性のポリマービヒクル(ヒアルロン酸)および固体のポリマービヒクル(PLAまたはPLGAのミクロスフェアまたはインプラント)の両方が同じ薬物送達システムに存在する。薬物送達システムは6μgのベバシズマブを1〜6ヶ月の期間にわたって硝子体の中に放出することができ、その後で、患者の右眼は血管新生の証拠を全く示すことがなく、かつ、右眼において維持された同じ視力(20/40)を示すことができる。
83歳の女性が、左眼においてかすんだ視覚で起床することがある。この女性は、緑内障、白内障除去後IOL(眼内レンズ)を挿入した状態、および、dry型AMDの病歴を両眼に有し得、Alphagan P点眼薬を使用し続け得る。この女性の眼科医の検査により、この女性は、左眼がwet型AMDであると診断され、直ちに網膜専門医に紹介され得る。視力は右眼が20/25であり、左眼が20/200であり得る。網膜検査では、右眼黄斑におけるdry型変化(ただし、中心窩下領域における大きいドルーゼンおよび多数の色素性変化のような高リスクの特徴がある)が示され得る。左眼の黄斑は、サイズがおよそ2つ分の円板区域の中心窩下CNVを、周囲の黄斑浮腫および網膜内出血とともに示し得る。フルオレセイン血管造影法では、主に外見が典型的である左眼CNVの存在が確認され得る。患者は、wet型AMDの左眼においてラニビズマブの月1回の硝子体内注入を直ちに開始することができる。網膜浮腫が3ヶ月の期間にわたって消失するが、患者の左眼視力は、20/100へとやや改善し得るに過ぎない。患者は、右眼においてCNVを発症する危険性が高かったので、また、左眼における視力が3ヶ月の期間にわたってあまり改善され得ないので、右眼におけるCNVの発症を予防するために、PLGAミクロスフェアに取り込まれた4.8mgのラニビズマブを含む50μlの硝子体内注入を右眼に受けることができる。インビトロ放出速度が5μg/日であるポリソルベート20PLGAミクロスフェアもまた、網膜透過性を高めるために配合物に入れることができる。ミクロスフェアを、部分的架橋のヒアルロン酸(HA)に2.1%のHA濃度で入れることができる。そのような架橋HAを、Allergan Medical(Irvine、California)から、Juvederm Ultra Plus、Juvederm 30、CaptiqueおよびVolumaの商品名で入手することができる。
網膜色素上皮(「RPE」)細胞に対するポリソルベート網膜浸透強化剤の毒性を調べるために実験を行った。すなわち、ARPE-19細胞(Dunn K.他、ARPE-19, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line with differential properties、Exp Eye Res.、1996 Feb;62 (2):155-69を参照のこと)を、0%から0.10%(w/w)の範囲のポリソルベート80濃度でインビトロにおいてインキュベーションし、細胞生存性アッセイを行った。
(a)配合において一般に使用される濃度
(b)化合物溶解性に対する限界濃度
(c)適用可能な粘度、浸透圧およびpHの値に対する限界濃度。
%細胞生存=OD試験/ODコントロール×100。
3実験を同じ条件で独立して完了した後、グラフを3組の値からプロットし、これにより、実験間の標準偏差値を得た。このようにして、50%の細胞生存性をもたらす濃度を求めた。形態学的外観を、5から1(すなわち、正常から致死的表現型)の範囲での半定量的なスコア化によって解析した。
従って、特許請求の範囲の精神および範囲は、上記の好ましい実施形態の記載に限定されてはならない。
Claims (31)
- dry型加齢性黄斑変性(「dry型AMD」)を処置するための方法であって、抗血管新生剤をdry型AMDを有する患者の眼に投与し、それにより、dry型AMDを処置するステップを含む、方法。
- 抗血管新生剤が、抗血管内皮増殖因子(「抗VEGF」)剤である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 抗VEGF剤が、ベバシズマブ、ラニビズマブおよびペガプタニブ、ならびに、それらの誘導体、エステル、塩および混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 抗血管新生剤を、生体適合性の薬物送達システムとして投与する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生体適合性の薬物送達システムが、抗血管新生剤と、抗血管新生剤を伴うポリマービヒクルとを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- ポリマービヒクルが、ポリマー乳酸、ポリマーグリコール酸、乳酸−グリコール酸コポリマー(「PLGA」)、ポリマーヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースおよびポリマーヒアルロン酸、ならびに、それらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 抗血管新生剤が、ポリマービヒクル全体に均一に分散されることによってポリマービヒクルに伴う、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 投与するステップを、抗血管新生剤を前部眼内位置に注入することによって行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 投与するステップを、抗血管新生剤を後部眼内位置に注入することによって行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 投与するステップを、抗血管新生剤を硝子体腔の中に注入することによって行う、請求項9に記載の方法。
- dry型AMDを処置するための方法であって、
(a)抗血管新生剤と、抗血管新生剤を伴うポリマービヒクルとを含む生体適合性の薬物送達システムを調製するステップ;および
(b)薬物送達システムを、dry型AMDを有する患者の眼の硝子体腔の中に注入し、それにより、dry型AMDを処置するステップ
を含む、方法。 - 抗血管新生剤が、ベバシズマブ、または、その誘導体、エステルもしくは塩である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 薬物送達システムが約5μg〜約3mgのベバシズマブを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- ポリマービヒクルが、ポリマー乳酸、ポリマーグリコール酸、PLGA、ポリマーヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースおよびポリマーヒアルロン酸、ならびに、それらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 薬物送達システムが、24時間にわたって平均して約10ng〜約40μgの間のベバシズマブを放出する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 薬物送達システムが、24時間にわたって平均して約14μg〜約28μgの間のベバシズマブを放出する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 薬物送達システムが、24時間にわたって平均して約7μg〜約14μgの間のベバシズマブを放出する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 片方の眼がdry型AMDであり、他方の眼がwet型AMDである患者においてdry型AMDを処置するための方法であって、抗血管新生剤と、抗血管新生剤を伴うポリマービヒクルとを含む生体適合性の薬物送達システムを、患者のdry型AMD眼の硝子体腔の中に注入し、それにより、dry型AMDを処置するステップを含む、方法。
- dry型AMDを、処置眼におけるdry型AMDからwet型AMDへの進行を防止または遅延させることによって処置する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- dry型AMDを処置するための低用量方法であって、
(a)約5μg〜約20μgの間のベバシズマブと、ベバシズマブを伴うポリマーヒアルロン酸ビヒクルとを含む生体適合性の持続放出型薬物送達システムを調製するステップ;
(b)薬物送達システムを、dry型AMDを有する患者の眼の硝子体腔の中に注入するステップ;および
(c)薬物送達システムから、約3ヶ月〜約6ヶ月の期間、24時間にわたって平均して約14ナノグラム〜約120ナノグラムの間のベバシズマブを放出させ、それにより、dry型AMDを、薬物送達システムから放出される低用量のベバシズマブにより処置するステップ
を含む、方法。 - 患者の他方の非注入の眼がwet型AMDを有する、請求項21に記載の方法。
- dry型AMDを、注入を行ったdry型AMD眼における網膜血管新生の開始を防止または遅延させることによって処置する、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 薬物送達システムが、約25℃において約0.1/秒の剪断速度で、約130,000cps〜約300,000cpsの間の粘度を有する、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 薬物送達システムを、25〜30ゲージのシリンジを使用して注入する、請求項21に記載の方法。
- dry型AMDを処置するための低用量方法であって、
(a)約5μg〜約20μgの間のベバシズマブと、ベバシズマブを伴うポリマーヒアルロン酸ビヒクルとを含む生体適合性の持続放出型薬物送達システムを調製するステップ;
(b)25〜30ゲージのシリンジを使用して、薬物送達システムを、dry型AMDを有する患者の眼の硝子体腔の中に注入するステップ(ここで、患者の他方の非注入の眼はwet型AMDを有する);および
(c)薬物送達システムから、約3ヶ月〜約6ヶ月の期間、24時間にわたって平均して約14ナノグラム〜約120ナノグラムの間のベバシズマブを放出させ、それにより、dry型AMDを、薬物送達システムから放出される低用量のベバシズマブにより、注入を行ったdry型AMD眼における網膜血管新生の開始を防止または遅延させることによって処置するステップ(ここで、薬物送達システムは、約25℃において約0.1/秒の剪断速度で、約130,000cps〜約300,000cpsの間の粘度を有する)
を含む、方法。 - 眼の血管新生の発達を防止するための方法であって、
(a)抗血管新生薬物と、抗血管新生薬物を伴うポリマーヒアルロン酸とを含む生体適合性の薬物送達システムを調製するステップ;および
(b)薬物送達システムを患者の眼の眼内位置に注入し、それにより、脈絡膜血管新生の発達を防止するステップ
を含む、方法。 - ポリマーヒアルロン酸が架橋ヒアルロン酸である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- ポリマーヒアルロン酸が非架橋ヒアルロン酸である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- ポリマーヒアルロン酸が、約100万ダルトン〜約200万ダルトンの間の分子量を有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 眼内位置が、テノン嚢下、結膜下、脈絡膜上、強膜内、硝子体内および眼球後方の眼内位置からなる眼内位置群から選択される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 患者が、dry型AMD、血管新生を伴わない網膜中心静脈閉塞、および、非増殖性糖尿病網膜症からなる眼状態群から選択される眼状態を有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
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