JP5580832B2 - 生分解性α−2アゴニストポリマー性インプラントおよびその治療用途 - Google Patents
生分解性α−2アゴニストポリマー性インプラントおよびその治療用途 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2008年11月17日に提出した米国正規出願番号第12/272,548の利益を請求するものであって、この全ての開示は、具体的な引用により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、生体内浸食性の、徐放性の眼球内インプラントおよび眼の疾患または症状を処置するための方法に関する。ブリモニジン(5-ブロモ-6-(2-イミダゾリジニリデンアミノ)キノキサリン)は、眼房水生成を低下させて、ぶどう膜強膜路の流出を増加させることにより、開放隅角緑内障を処置するために効果的なα-2-選択的アドレナリン作動性レセプターアゴニストである。ブリモニジンは、少なくとも2つの化学形態、ブリモニジン酒石酸塩およびブリモニジン遊離塩にて利用できる。局所眼用のブリモニジン酒石酸塩製剤、0.15% Alphagan P(登録商標)(Allergan, Irvine, CA)は、開放隅角緑内障の処置に使用されてきた。水へのブリモニジン酒石酸塩の溶解度は34 mg/mLであるが、一方でブリモニジン遊離塩の水への溶解度はごく僅かである。緑内障を処置するためにブリモニジンの局所製剤は毎日投与される。このため、α-2-選択的アドレナリン作動性レセプターアゴニスト治療剤の定期的な投薬をそれが必要な患者の眼に提供するために、1〜6ヶ月毎に1回で(即ち、強膜内注射または好適なインプラント移植により)投与することが可能なα-2-選択的アドレナリン作動性レセプターアゴニスト(例えば、ブリモニジン)の徐放性製剤とし、これにより緑内障の特徴である眼の症状、例えば上昇した眼球内圧を処置することが有利であろう。
本発明は、この必要性を満たし、そして眼の疾患または症状を処置するための、眼内での徐放性または持続性薬物放出のための新規薬物送達システム、かかるシステムの作成方法および使用方法を提供するものである。我々の薬物送達システムは、眼球内インプラント形態にある。本システムおよび方法は、1以上の治療剤の長期放出を有利に提供するものである。従って、該インプラントが眼内に配置された患者は、薬剤の追加投与を必要とせずに、長時間または長期間治療量の薬剤を受容する。このため、該患者は、比較的長期間にわたり、例えば、少なくとも約1週間程度、例えばインプラントを受容した後の約2〜約6ヶ月の間、眼の着実な処置に利用できる治療上有効な薬剤の一定レベルを実質的に有する。かかる長期の放出時間により処置結果の成功を促し得る。
本明細書において使用されるとおり、以下の用語は以下の意味を有する。
本発明は、1以上の形態のα-2-選択的アドレナリン作動性レセプターアゴニスト治療剤および生分解性ポリマーの新規製剤および構造を基にしており、これは一旦熱間押出されるか、あるいは射出成型により製造されて、眼の疾患および症状を処置するために眼球内投与に好適なインプラントを形成する。本発明の実施形態は、実質的に線形の治療剤の放出特徴および/またはインプラント中での高い(50重量%以上)薬物担持を示す。
を有するキノキサリン誘導体、その医薬上許容し得る酸付加塩、およびその混合物である。R1およびR2は、各々独立して、H、1〜4個の炭素原子を含有するアルキル基および1〜4個の炭素原子を含有するアルコキシ基からなる群から選択される。R2は、好ましくはメチル基である。2-イミダゾリン-2-イルアミノ基は、キノキサリン核の5-、6-、7-および8-位置、好ましくは6−位置のいずれかにおいて存在し得る。R3、R4およびR5は、各々残っている5−、6−、7−または8−位置のキノキサリン核のいずれか一つに位置し、Cl、Br、Hおよび1〜3個の炭素原子を含有するアルキル基からなる群から独立して選択される。R3は、好ましくは該キノキサリン核の5−位置にあり、R4およびR5は、両方Hであるのが好ましい。特に有用な実施態様において、R3はBrである。
この場合、単回投与によって二相または三相放出を与える放出プロフィールの組み合わせが得られ、放出のパターンがかなり変化しうる。
黄斑症/網膜変性:黄斑変性症(加齢性黄斑変性(ARMD)、例えば非滲出性加齢性黄斑変性および滲出性加齢性黄斑変性症を含む)、脈絡膜新生血管形成、網膜症(糖尿病性網膜症を含める)、急性および慢性斑状視神経網膜疾患、中心性漿液性脈絡網膜症、および黄斑浮腫(類嚢胞黄斑浮腫、糖尿病性黄斑浮腫を含む)。ブドウ膜炎/網膜炎/脈絡膜炎:急性多発性斑状色素上皮症、ベーチェット病、バードショット網膜脈絡膜症、感染症(梅毒、ライム病、結核、トキソプラズマ症)、中間部ブドウ膜炎(扁平部炎)および前部ブドウ膜炎を含むブドウ膜炎、多病巣性脈絡膜炎、多発消失性白点症候群(MEWDS)、眼類肉腫症、後強膜炎、蛇行状脈絡膜炎、網膜下線維症、ブドウ膜炎症候群およびフォークト−コヤナギ−ハラダ(VKH)症候群。血管疾患/滲出性疾患:網膜動脈閉塞症、網膜中心静脈閉鎖、散在性脈管内凝血障害、網膜枝静脈閉鎖、高血圧眼底変化、眼の虚血症候群、網膜微細動脈瘤、コーツ病、傍中心窩細血管拡張症、半網膜静脈閉塞、乳頭静脈炎、網膜中心動脈閉塞、網膜動脈分枝閉塞症、頸動脈疾患(CAD)、樹氷状血管炎、鎌状赤血球網膜症および他の異常ヘモグロビン症、網膜色素線条症、家族性滲出性硝子体網膜症およびイールズ疾患。外傷性/外科性:交感神経性眼炎、ブドウ膜炎網膜疾患、網膜剥離、外傷、レーザー、PDT、光凝固、手術時の血流低下、放射線性網膜症、骨髄移植網膜症。増殖性疾患:増殖性硝子体網膜症および網膜上膜、増殖性糖尿病性網膜症。感染性疾患:眼ヒストプラスマ症、眼トキソカラ症、推定眼ヒストプラスマ症症候群(POHS)、眼内炎、トキソプラスマ症、HIV感染に関連した網膜疾患、HIV感染に関連した脈絡膜疾患、HIV感染に関連したブドウ膜炎、ウイルス網膜炎、急性網膜壊死、進行性外網膜壊死、真菌性網膜疾患、眼梅毒、眼結核、広汎性片側性亜急性視神経網膜炎、およびハエウジ病。遺伝性疾患:網膜色素変性、網膜ジストロフィー関連全身性疾患、先天性停止性夜盲、錐体ジストロフィー、シュタルガルト病および黄色斑眼底、ベスト病、網膜色素上皮のパターンジストロフィー、X染色体性網膜分離、ソーズビー眼底ジストロフィー、良性同心性黄斑症、ビエッティ結晶性ジストロフィー、弾性線維性仮性黄色腫。網膜断裂/円孔:網膜剥離、斑状円孔、巨大網膜断裂。腫瘍:腫瘍に関連した網膜疾患、RPEの先天性肥大、後部ブドウ膜黒色腫、脈絡膜血管腫、脈絡膜骨腫、脈絡膜転移、網膜および網膜色素上皮の複合過誤腫、網膜芽細胞腫、眼底の血管増殖性腫瘍、網膜星状細胞腫、眼内リンパ系腫瘍。その他の疾患(Miscellaneous):点状脈絡膜内層症、急性後多発性斑状色素上皮症、近視性網膜変性、急性網膜色素上皮炎等。
改善された放出プロフィールを有する高担持ブリモニジンインプラント
先に記載したように、該α-2アドレナリン作動性レセプターアゴニストブリモニジンの局所適用は、開放隅角緑内障および高眼圧症を処置するために局所投与される場合に効果的であることは知られる。ブリモニジンは硝子体内に施与された場合、神経保護および視力増強特性もあたえる。我々は、徐放性ポリマーインプラントが、それぞれ前眼または後眼症状を処置するために、テノン嚢(即ち、テノン下腔)および/または硝子体内で長期間にわたってブリモニジンの治療投与量を効果的に送達できることを決定した。それは、インプラントにとって、治療薬剤の投薬期間を増大させる(投与されたインプラントから治療剤を放出する一定の期間により)ことができるような活性な薬剤の量を送達するのに(即ち、担持される)非常に有利である。本実施例において、驚くべきとことに、ブリモニジン酒石酸塩(BT)に代えてブリモニジン遊離塩(BFB)を使用することにより、特定の生体内浸食性ポリマーから構成されたインプラントが、同一のポリマーを含み、かつ同じ方法により製造された同重量のインプラントに対して、BTとは対照的に51%以上のモルのBFBを送達することができたことを我々は決定した。しかし、BFBは、BT(ブリモニジンの酒石酸塩)ほど水溶性ではないため、インプラントの投与により、BFB放出プロフィールにおいて実質的な遅延時間が存在し得る。さらに、BTのより高い担持量を有するインプラントは、BTの高い溶解度のために、「バースト」放出を示すことが多い(BFBと比較した場合に)。このため、我々は、さらに特定のポリマーを有する新規製剤を開発し、ならびに、有意に高いBFB薬剤担持量(薬剤としてBTと共に担持可能な重量%の薬剤量と比べて)の許容により、我々が可能なポリマーの無限の組合せ物から発見した特定のポリマーの新規製剤の徐放性ポリマーインプラントからのブリモニジン遊離塩の実質的に線形の放出プロフィールを示すものである。
2.酸末端封鎖ポリ(D,L-ラクチド-コ−グリコリド)ポリマー
驚くべきことに、高担持BFBインプラントは、図1のインプラントに示されるように(例えば、60wt%BFBについて5〜50日間にわたり)実質的に線形の放出速度(即ち、直線状の経時的放出)にて、製造できたことがこの実験から示された。
線形放出速度を有するブリモニジンインプラント
ブリモニジン酒石酸塩は、ブリモニジン遊離塩よりも水溶性が高く、そのためBTを含有するインプラントは、表面のブリモニジン酒石酸塩の効果により「バースト」放出を示すことが多い。一方、ブリモニジン遊離塩は水溶性ではなく、インプラントの疎水性が高くなる。この場合には、初期水透過性が遅延されて、結果としてブリモニジンの放出はBFB放出プロフィールにおける「遅延」として観察される。
眼の徐放性ポリマーインプラントのための高担持の押出成型された棒および射出成型されたディスク
この実験において、我々は、棒形状の徐放性ポリマーインプラントおよびディスク形状の徐放性ポリマーインプラントを、治療目的(IOPを低下させる)のために、眼の縁の後方部分にてインビボでテノン嚢の下および強膜上部に挿入した。我々は、薬剤のインビボ放出を制御し、眼球内の投与部位から解剖学的に離れた部位で少量の薬剤にて長期間維持したことを見出した。
生分解性ポリマーマトリクスに付随するブリモニジンを含有する眼球内インプラントによる緑内障の処置
68齢メスを、上昇した眼球内圧レベルにて診断し、そして緑内障と診断する。ブリモニジン酒石酸塩 (実施例1の製剤 8933-060)(1,200μg)を含有する棒形状のインプラント(2 mg)を、トロカールを用いて女性の両眼の硝子体に置いた。あるいは、該インプラントをテノン腔下に投与できる。約2日数後に、眼球内圧はベースラインより40-50%低下した。
Claims (5)
- 下記のものを含んでいる、眼球内の使用に好適な生分解性インプラント:
(a)40重量%のブリモニジン遊離塩基、
(b)10重量%のブリモニジン酒石酸塩、
(c)20重量%の、0.25〜0.35dl/gのインヘレント粘度を有する第一のエステル末端封鎖ポリ(D,L-ラクチド)ポリマー、
(d)20重量%の第二のエステル末端封鎖ポリ(D,L-ラクチド)ポリマー、および
(e)10重量%の、0.2dl/gのインヘレント粘度を有する酸末端封鎖ポリ(D,L-ラクチド)ポリマー。 - 第一および第二のエステル末端封鎖ポリ(D,L-ラクチド)ポリマーが異なるエステル末端封鎖ポリ(D,L-ラクチド)ポリマーである、請求項1記載のインプラント。
- インプラントが棒またはディスク形状である、請求項1または2記載のインプラント。
- 緑内障の処置のための、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のインプラント。
- 眼球内への移植または挿入後、20〜50日間にわたってブリモニジンを直線的に放出する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のインプラント。
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US20100124565A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
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US20230285279A1 (en) | 2023-09-14 |
US20200069578A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
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AU2016204582A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
AU2018202557B2 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
AU2009314266A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
US9095506B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
AU2018202557A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
ES2624448T3 (es) | 2017-07-14 |
US20210161809A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
CA2743837A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
US9522113B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
JP2012509264A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
US20160030334A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
US20180353426A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
US20170100334A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
CA2743837C (en) | 2017-03-28 |
US10471004B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
EP2355795B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
WO2010056598A3 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
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