JP2015521540A - 触媒組成物 - Google Patents
触媒組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2015521540A JP2015521540A JP2015517837A JP2015517837A JP2015521540A JP 2015521540 A JP2015521540 A JP 2015521540A JP 2015517837 A JP2015517837 A JP 2015517837A JP 2015517837 A JP2015517837 A JP 2015517837A JP 2015521540 A JP2015521540 A JP 2015521540A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- catalyst composition
- oxide
- support
- composition according
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 252
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 82
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical group O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 79
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 73
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 73
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 48
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 48
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 42
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 29
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002710 Au-Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkali metal acetate salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004631 Ce(NO3)3.6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002492 Ce(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/864—Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
- B01J37/035—Precipitation on carriers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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Abstract
Description
誤解を避けるために、混合金属触媒が担体上に配される場合、それは、「担持される」と記述される。
40gのCeO2を1600mLの水でスラリー化し、55℃で15分間加温した。
1.3284gの硝酸Pdを20mLの水に溶解した。1.6157gのテトラクロロ金酸を20mLの脱ミネラル水に溶解した。これらを、撹拌した酸化物のスラリー中に、pHの範囲が6−8に保たれるように速度を変化させて約150mLの0.05MのK2CO3とともに加えた。添加が終了したところで、pHの範囲を6−8に保ちながらスラリーを55℃で1時間撹拌した。触媒組成物をろ過により集め、電気伝導度が5μS未満になるまでろ過床で洗浄した。触媒組成物(助触媒としても働くCeO2上に担持した0.5Pd2Au)をロートの内側のろ紙上に残して乾燥させ、次いで105℃で更に乾燥させた。
共沈法により調製されたPt−CeO 2
0.9wt%のPtを名目上含む50gのPt−CeO2を、Ce(NO3)3・6H2O(126g)、塩化白金酸(CPA)(1.148g)及び固体のNaOH(36g)を用いて調製した。NaOHを6リットルの脱イオン水に溶解して、沸騰させた。CPAとCe(NO3)3を水に溶解し、500cm3にした。得られた溶液を沸騰しているNaOH溶液に滴加し、黒色の沈殿物を生じさせた。その沈殿物を、その後1時間沸騰させ、ろ過し、洗浄して、NO3 −、Cl−、及びNa+を除去した。洗浄した沈殿物を110℃で乾燥させ、その後空気中500℃でか焼した。
セリアを、Ce(NO3)3・6H2O(126g)と固体のNaOH(36g)を用いて調製した。NaOHを6リットルの脱イオン水に溶解して、沸騰させた。Ce(NO3)3を水に溶解し、500cm3にした。得られた溶液を沸騰しているNaOH溶液に滴加し、灰白色の沈殿物を得た。その沈殿物を、その後1時間沸騰させ、ろ過し、洗浄して、NO3 −とNa+を除去した。洗浄した沈殿物を110℃で乾燥させ、その後空気中500℃でか焼した。
3.1892gの硝酸Ptを約5mLの脱ミネラル水で希釈した。その混合物を、上記の方法によって得られた50gのCeO2に一段階で加えた。Pt/CeO2を空気中で一晩乾燥させ、その後500℃で2時間か焼した。
0.26588gの硝酸Pdを約5mLの脱ミネラル水で希釈した。その混合物を、上記の方法によって得られた20gのCeO2に段階的に加えた。2Pd−CeO2をオーブン中105℃で数時間乾燥させ、その後500℃で2時間か焼した。
上記の方法によって得られた20gのCeO2を800mLの水でスラリー化し、55℃で15分間加温した。1.0137gのHAuCl4溶液を、撹拌した酸化物のスラリー中に、pHの範囲が6−8に保たれるように速度を変化させてK2CO3とともに加えた。pHの範囲を6−8に保ちながらスラリーを55℃で1時間撹拌した。触媒をろ過により集め、電気伝導度が5μS未満になるまでろ過床で洗浄した。触媒を105℃で一晩乾燥させ、500℃で2時間か焼した。
1.065gの硝酸Pdを、2.167gの硝酸Ptと0.3440gのクエン酸とともに、〜10mLの脱ミネラル水を用いて完全に溶解するまで混合した。その混合物を、上記の方法によって得られたCeO2担体に段階的に加えた。Pt−Pd−CeO2をオーブン中105℃で数時間乾燥させ、その後500℃で2時間か焼した。
9.64gの硝酸Pdを、5mLの脱ミネラル水で希釈した。その混合物を、40gのAl2O3に滴加した。2Pd−Al2O3をオーブン中105℃で数時間乾燥させ、その後500℃で2時間か焼した。
20gのアルミナを800mLの水でスラリー化し、55℃で15分間加温した。1.2165gの硝酸Pdを、最少量の水を加えて0.8gのHAuCl4溶液と混ぜ合わせ、撹拌した酸化物のスラリー中に、pHの範囲が6−8に保たれるように速度を変化させてK2CO3とともに加えた。pHの範囲を6−8に保ちながらスラリーを55℃で1時間撹拌した。触媒をろ過により集め、電気伝導度が5μS未満になるまで、ろ過床で洗浄し、105℃で一晩乾燥させ、500℃で2時間か焼した。
20gのアルミナを800mLの水でスラリー化し、55℃で15分間加温した。4.8148gの硝酸Pdを、最少量の水を加えて0.2036gのHAuCl4溶液と混ぜ合わせ、撹拌した酸化物のスラリー中に、pHの範囲が6−8に保たれるように速度を変化させてK2CO3とともに加えた。添加が完了したところで、pHの範囲を6−8に保ちながらスラリーを55℃で1時間撹拌した。触媒をろ過により集め、電気伝導度が5μS未満になるまでろ過床で洗浄し、105℃で一晩乾燥させ、500℃で2時間か焼した。
「フレッシュ(Fresh)」触媒組成物を、空気中500℃で2時間か焼することにより調製した(上記の実施例2を参照)。フレッシュ触媒を取り出し、空気中600℃で2時間又は750℃で10時間加熱することによって、高温劣化触媒を調製した。劣化触媒又はフレッシュ触媒は、硫黄にさらされていない場合に「クリーン(clean)」と記述され、硫黄にさらされている場合に「サルフェート化(sulphated)」と記述され、又はサルフェート化した触媒が、そこに吸着した硫黄種を除去するために添加される、更なる炭化水素を含むより高温のガス流にさらされている場合に「脱サルフェート化(desulphated)」と記述される。
触媒組成物は、表2の入口ガス混合物を用いる模擬触媒活性試験(SCAT)ガス装置で試験された。
本発明による2Pd−0.5Au−CeO2と比較例のPd−CeO2を、実施例3(750℃、10時間)により劣化させた。これらを、その後SCATガス装置を用いて約10mgS/g触媒と300℃の温度を提供するのに十分な濃度でSO2にさらすことにより硫黄で劣化させた。次いで、硫黄で劣化させた触媒を、表3のガス混合物中、より高温で、更なるHCの注入により、脱サルフェート化した。サルフェート化/脱サルフェート化の過程をその後繰り返した。結果を図3に示す。
実施例4に記載されたSCATガス装置において試験した、本発明の実施例1により調製したフレッシュ触媒及び実施例2により調製した比較例のフレッシュ触媒についての、80%のCO転化率及び50%のHC転化率の温度を、下記の表3に示す。
Claims (23)
- 担体上に配される非合金パラジウム及びパラジウム−金合金を含み、該パラジウム−金合金は金に富む混合金属触媒と、少なくとも一種の助触媒であって少なくとも一種の還元性金属酸化物を含む助触媒とを含む触媒組成物。
- 混合金属触媒中のPd:Auの原子比が100:1から1:100である、請求項1に記載の触媒組成物。
- 混合金属触媒中のPd:Auの重量比が>1:1である、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒組成物。
- 混合金属触媒中のパラジウムと金の量が0.5−10wt%である、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 少なくとも一種の還元性金属酸化物が、マンガン、鉄、スズ、銅、コバルト、チタン及びセリウムのうちの少なくとも一の酸化物である、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記少なくとも一種の還元性金属酸化物が、鉄及びセリウムのうちの少なくとも一の酸化物である、請求項5に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記少なくとも一種の還元性金属酸化物がセリアである、請求項6に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記少なくとも一種の還元性金属酸化物が、安定剤と組み合わされるか、又は耐火性酸化物との複合若しくは混合酸化物中に組み合わされる、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 少なくとも一種の助触媒が混合金属触媒用の担体である、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 助触媒と担体がセリアである、請求項9に記載の触媒組成物。
- 助触媒と担体が、アルミナと微粒状セリアの混合酸化物又は複合酸化物である、請求項9に記載の触媒組成物。
- 担体が、アルミナ、マグネシア、シリカ−アルミナ、ジルコニア、ゼオライト、又はこれらの何れか二以上の混合物、複合酸化物、又は混合酸化物である、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 担体に塩基性金属がドープされた、請求項1から12の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 混合金属触媒と離れた別の金属酸化物の担体上に位置する白金を更に含む、請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記離れた別の金属酸化物の担体がまたパラジウムを含有する、請求項14に記載の触媒組成物。
- 混合金属触媒が、助触媒と担体の両方として作用する第1の還元性金属酸化物上にあり、白金と、存在する場合にパラジウムとが、第2の金属酸化物担体上にあり、両方が同じウォッシュコート層に配される、請求項14又は15に記載の触媒組成物。
- 第2の金属酸化物担体上の白金と、存在する場合はパラジウムとが、少なくとも一種の助触媒であって少なくとも一種の還元性酸化物を含む助触媒とともに担持混合金属触媒を含む被覆層の下の層に配される、請求項14から16の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物。
- 請求項1から17の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物を調製する方法であって、助触媒と担体が同一でも異なっていてもよく、6から8のpHに制御された、少なくとも一種の助触媒と担体のスラリー上に混合金属触媒の金属塩の溶液を析出させ、次いで得られた析出物を洗浄し、乾燥させ、か焼することを含む、方法。
- 請求項1から17の何れか一項に記載の触媒組成物が塗布された基材モノリスを含む、触媒コンバーター。
- 基材モノリスがハニカム型フロースルー式モノリス又はフィルターである、請求項19に記載の触媒コンバーター。
- 請求項19又は20に記載の触媒コンバーターを備える、リーンバーン内燃機関の排気ガス排出処理システム。
- リーンバーン内燃機関と、請求項21に記載のリーンバーン内燃機関の排気ガス排出処理システムとを備える装置。
- 請求項22に記載の装置を備える車両。
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US20150251136A1 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-10 | Prism Analytical Technologies, Inc. | Formaldehyde Emission Reduction in Natural Gas Fired Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE) |
KR101964275B1 (ko) | 2015-09-01 | 2019-04-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 아크릴산 제조용 촉매 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조되는 촉매 |
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US9243539B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
GB2504819B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
RU2015101227A (ru) | 2016-08-10 |
EP2861345A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2861345B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
CN104428062A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
BR112014031489A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
JP6348110B2 (ja) | 2018-06-27 |
DE102013210557A1 (de) | 2014-02-13 |
RU2635092C2 (ru) | 2017-11-09 |
GB2504819A (en) | 2014-02-12 |
US20130333362A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
GB201310148D0 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
GB201210891D0 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
KR20150021055A (ko) | 2015-02-27 |
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