JP2015510537A - 低い係数および高い引張り伸びを有する再生可能なポリエステルフィルム - Google Patents
低い係数および高い引張り伸びを有する再生可能なポリエステルフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015510537A JP2015510537A JP2014556161A JP2014556161A JP2015510537A JP 2015510537 A JP2015510537 A JP 2015510537A JP 2014556161 A JP2014556161 A JP 2014556161A JP 2014556161 A JP2014556161 A JP 2014556161A JP 2015510537 A JP2015510537 A JP 2015510537A
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- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
フィルムは、包装物品(たとえば、食品)として、および個人ケア吸収性製品(たとえば、おむつ、女性のケア製品、その他)におけるものを含む広く多様な用途に使用される。多くの従来のフィルムに関連する一つの問題は、これらがたいてい再生可能でない合成重合体(たとえば、LLDPE)から形成されるということである。残念なことに、このような重合体を熱的に加工することに伴う困難のため、このようなフィルムにおける再生可能な重合体の使用は、問題がある。再生可能なポリエステルは、たとえば相対的に高いガラス転移温度を有し、および典型的には非常に高い剛性および引張り係数を示し、その一方で、低い延性/破壊時の伸び率を有する。一例として、ポリ乳酸は、約59℃のガラス転移温度および約2GPa以上の引張り係数を有する。それにもかかわらず、PLA材料についての引張り伸び(破壊時)は、約5%だけである。このような高い係数および低い伸びは、フィルムにおけるこのような重合体の使用を著しく制限し、この場合、材料剛性と伸びの間に優れた釣合いが要求される。これらの問題に加えて、ポリ乳酸は、たとえば、成人女性の製品にとってうるさいカサカサ音を生じさせるなどの、穏やかな柔軟なフィルム用途のためにはあまりに強固であり、使用の間の性能問題を有する傾向がある。
A.再生可能なポリエステル
再生可能なポリエステルは、典型的には熱可塑性組成物の約70重量%から約99重量%、いくつかの態様において約80重量%から約95重量%およびいくつかの態様において約75重量%から約98重量%を構成する。一般に以下などの多様な再生可能なポリエステルのいずれも熱可塑性組成物に使用し得る:脂肪族ポリエステルなど、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリエステルアミド、ポリ乳酸(PLA)およびその共重合体(ポリグリコール酸、ポリアルキレンカルボナート(たとえば、ポリエチレンカルボナート)、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチラート(PHB)、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシバレラート(PHV)、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチラート−コ−4−ヒドロキシブチラート(hydroybutyrate)、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチラート−コ−3−ヒドロキシバレラート共重合体(PHBV)、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチラート−コ−3−ヒドロキシヘキサノアート、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチラート−コ−3−ヒドロキシオクタノン酸、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチラート−コ−3−ヒドロキシデカノアート、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチラート−コ−3−ヒドロキシオクタデカノアートおよびスクシナートに基づいた脂肪族重合体(たとえば、ポリブチレンスクシナート、ポリブチレンスクシナートアジパート、ポリエチレンスクシナート、その他);脂肪族−芳香族共ポリエステル(たとえば、ポリブチレンアジパートテレフタラート、ポリエチレンアジパートテレフタラート、ポリエチレンアジパートイソフタラート、ポリブチレンアジパートイソフタラート、その他);芳香族ポリエステル(たとえば、ポリエチレンテレフタラート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、その他);など。
上記のように、本発明の熱可塑性組成物は、また重合体硬化添加物を含む。その重合体の性質のため、硬化添加物は、熱可塑性組成物の融解強度および安定性を改善するのを補助することができる相対的に高い分子重量を有する。必須とされないが、重合体硬化添加物は、一般に再生可能なポリエステルと混ざらなくてもよい。この様式において、硬化添加物は、再生可能なポリエステルの連続相内の分離した相ドメインとして、よりうまく分散することができる。分離したドメインは、外力から生じるエネルギーを吸収することができ、これが生じる材料の全体の耐久性および強度を増加させる。ドメインは、楕円、球状、円柱状、その他などの多様な異なる形状を有してもよい。一つの態様において、たとえば、ドメインは、実質的に楕円形状を有する。個々のドメインの物理的な寸法は、典型的には外部の応力の適用による重合体材料を介したひびの伝播を最小限にするほど十分小さいが、微細な塑性変形を開始し、および剪断帯を粒子封入体にておよびその周辺に生じさせるほど十分大きい。
式中:
ΔHv=蒸発の熱
R=理想気体常数
T=温度
Vm=分子量。
中間モディファイアーは、また硬化添加物と再生可能なポリエステルマトリックスとの間の相互作用を変化させるために、熱可塑性組成物において使用される。モディファイアーは、一般に室温(たとえば、25℃)にて液体または半固体形態であり、その結果これは、相対的に低い粘性を有し、より容易に熱可塑性組成物に組み込まれ、および容易に重合体表面に移動させることができる。この点において、中間モディファイアーの動粘度は、典型的には、40℃にて決定される、約0.7から約200センチストーク(「cs」)、いくつかの態様において約1から約100csおよびいくつかの態様において約1.5から約80csである。加えて、中間モディファイアーは、また典型的には疎水性であり、その結果これは、重合体硬化添加物に対する親和性を有し、再生可能なポリエステルと硬化添加物との間の界面張力における変化を生じる。ポリエステルと硬化添加物の間の界面における物理的な力を減少させることによって、モディファイアーの低粘性、疎水性は、外力の適用によるポリエステルマトリックスからの剥離を容易にするのを補助することができると考えられる。本明細書に使用される、「疎水性である」という用語は、典型的には約40°以上の、およびいくつかの場合約60°以上の空気中における水の接触角を有する材料をいう。対照的に、「親水性である」という用語は、典型的には約40°未満の空気中における水の接触角を有する材料をいう。接触角を測定するための一つの適した試験は、ASTM D5725−99(2008)である。
上記のように、重合体硬化添加物は、一般にそれが再生可能なポリエステルのものに相対的に近い溶解パラメーターを有するように選択される。とりわけ、これは、相の相容性を増強すること、および連続相内で分離したドメインの全体の分布を改善することができる。それにもかかわらず、一定の態様において、再生可能なポリエステルと重合体硬化添加物との間にさらに相容性を増強するために、相容化剤を任意に使用してもよい。これは、重合体硬化添加物がポリウレタン、アクリル樹脂、その他などの極性部分を有するときに、特に望ましいであろう。使用されるときに、相容化剤は、典型的には約0.5重量%から約20重量%、いくつかの態様において約1重量%から約15重量%およびいくつかの態様において約1.5重量%から約10重量%の熱可塑性組成物を構成する。適した相容化剤の一つの例は、官能性をもたせたポリオレフィンである。極性成分は、たとえば、1つまたは複数の官能基によって提供されてもよく、および無極生成分は、オレフィンによって提供されてもよい。相容化剤のオレフィン成分は、一般に上記したものなどの、オレフィン単量体に由来する任意の直鎖または分枝α−オレフィン単量体、オリゴマーまたは重合体(共重合体を含む)から形成してもよい。
本発明の一つの有益な側面は、名称Carbowax(商標)の下でDow Chemicalから入手できるなどの、固体または半固体ポリエチレングリコールなどの、従来の可塑剤を必要とすることなく優れた機械的特性(たとえば、伸び)を提供し得ることである。熱可塑性組成物は、一般にこのような可塑剤がなくてもよい。それにもかかわらず、可塑剤を本発明の一定の態様において使用してもよいことを理解すべきである。しかし、利用されるときに、可塑剤は、典型的には熱可塑性組成物の約10重量%未満、いくつかの態様において約0.2重量%から約5重量%およびいくつかの態様において約0.1重量%から約2重量%の量で存在する。もちろん、その他の成分を多様な異なる理由のために利用してもよい。たとえば、使用してもよい材料は、触媒、色素、抗酸化剤、安定剤、表面活性物質、ろう、固体の溶媒、充填剤、成核剤(たとえば、酸化チタン(IV)、炭酸カルシウム、その他)、微粒子および熱可塑性組成物の加工性を増強するために添加されるその他の材料を含むが、限定されない。利用されるときに、通常、これらのさらなる成分の量は、最適な相容性および対費用効果を確実にするために最小限にされることが望まれる。したがって、たとえば、通常、このような成分は、熱可塑性組成物の約10重量%未満、いくつかの態様において約8重量%未満およびいくつかの態様において約5重量%未満を構成することが望まれる。
原材料(たとえば、再生可能なポリエステル、硬化添加物および中間モディファイアー)は、公知の多様な技術のいずれかを使用して混合してもよい。一つの態様において、たとえば、原材料は、別々に、または組み合わせて供給してもよい。たとえば、原材料は、本質的に均一な乾燥混合物を形成するために、共に最初に乾燥混合させてもよい。原材料は、同様に材料を分散混合する溶融加工装置に同時に、または順番に、いずれかで供給してもよい。バッチおよび/または連続的な溶融加工技術を使用してもよい。たとえば、ミキサー/ニーダー、バンブリーミキサー、ファレル連続ミキサー、単一スクリュー押出成形機、双軸スクリュー押出成形機、ロールミル、その他を利用して、材料を混合および溶融加工してもよい。特に適した溶融加工装置は、共回転、双軸スクリュー押出成形機(たとえば、ラムゼー、ニュージャージーのWerner & Pfleiderer Corporation of Wernerから入手できるZSK−30押出成形機またはThermo Electron Corp.、ストーン、イングランドから利用できるThermo Prism(商標)USALAB 16押出成形機)であり得る。このような押出成形機は、供給および排出口を含み、および高強度分配および分散の混合を提供し得る。たとえば、原材料を双軸スクリュー押出成形機の同じまたは異なる供給ポートに供給し、および溶融混合して実質的に均一な溶解した混合物を形成してもよい。必要に応じて、その他の添加剤を、また重合体融解物に注入してもよく、および/またはその長さに沿って異なる位置にて別々に押出成形機に入れてもよい。あるいは、添加剤は、再生可能なポリエステル、硬化添加物および/または中間モディファイアーと共に事前に混合されていてもよい。
吹込成形、キャスト、平型押出加工などを含む任意の公知の技術を使用して、混合された組成物からフィルムを形成してもよい。一つの特定の態様において、フィルムは、環状型を介して押し出された重合体混合物の泡を膨張するために気体(たとえば、空気)を使用する吹込加工によって形成してもよい。次いで、泡をつぶして、平らなフィルム形態で収集する。吹込フィルムを作製するための工程は、たとえば、Raleyに対する米国特許第3,354,506号;Schippersに対する第3,650,649剛;およびSchrenkらに対する第3,801,429号、並びにMcCormackらに対する米国特許出願公開第2005/0245162号およびBoggsらに対する第2003/0068951号に記述される。しかし、さらにもう一つの態様において、フィルムは、キャスト技術を使用して形成される。
本発明のフィルムは、パッケージングフィルムなど、多様な物品の処理のための個別ラップ、パッケージングポーチまたはバッグなど、食品製品、紙製品(たとえば、組織、ワイプ、紙タオル、その他)、吸収性製品、その他などの広く多様な用途に使用してもよい。吸収性製品のための種々の適したポーチ、ラップまたはバッグ配置は、たとえばSoreboらに対する米国特許第6,716,203号およびModerらに対する第6,380,445号、並びにSoreboらに対する米国特許出願公開第2003/0116462号に開示されている。
メルトフローレート:
メルトフローレート(「MFR」)は、典型的には190℃または230℃にて10分で2160グラムの負荷に供されるときに、押出式流動計開口部(0.0825インチの直径)を介して強制される重合体の重量(グラムで)である。特に明記しない限り、メルトフローレートは、Tinius Olsen Extrusion PlastometerでASTM 試験法D1239にしたがって測定してある。
ガラス転移温度(Tg)は、ASTM E1640−09にしたがって動的機械分析(DMA)によって決定してもよい。TA InstrumentsからのQ800機器を使用してもよい。実験の実行は、張力/張力形状で、3℃/分の加熱割合で−120℃から150℃の範囲の温度スイープモードで実行してもよい。歪み振幅頻度は、試験の間に一定で(2Hz)保持してもよい。3回の独立した試料を試験して、平均ガラス転移温度を得てもよく、これはtanδ曲線のピーク値によって定義され、tanδは、喪失係数と弾性係数の比(tanδ=E”/E’)として定義される。
フィルムは、MTS Synergie200引張りフレームで引張り特性(ピーク応力、係数、破壊に時の歪みおよび破壊時の容積あたりエネルギー)について試験した。試験は、ASTM D638−10にしたがって(約23℃にて)行った。フィルム試料は、試験の前に3.0mmの中心幅でイヌの骨形に切断した。イヌ骨フィルム試料を18.0mmの標点距離でMTS Synergie 200装置上のグリップを使用して所定の位置に保持する。フィルム試料を破損が生じるまで5.0in/分のクロスヘッド速度にて延伸した。5つの試料を、縦方向(MD)および横方向(CD)に各フィルムについて試験した。TestWorks 4と呼ばれているコンピュータプログラムを使用して試験の間のデータを収集して、応力対歪み曲線を生成し、ここから係数、ピーク応力、伸びおよび破損するためのエネルギーを含む多数の特性を決定した。
含水量は、Arizona Instruments Computrac Vapor Pro水分アナライザー(モデル番号3100)を使用して、ASTM D 7191−05に実質的したがって決定してもよく、これは全ての目的のためにその参照によりその全体が本明細書に援用される。試験温度(§X2.1.2)は、130℃でもよく、試料サイズ(§X2.1.1)は、2から4グラムでもよく、およびバイアルパージ時間(§X2.1.4)は、30秒でもよい。さらに、終了基準(§X2.1.3)は、「予測」モードとして定義してもよく、これは、一体型のプログラムされた基準(エンドポイント含水量を数学的に算出する)が満たされるときに試験を終えることを意味する。
Claims (19)
- 熱可塑性組成物を含むフィルムであって、
前記熱可塑性組成物は、
約0℃以上のガラス転移温度を有する少なくとも1つの強固な再生可能なポリエステル;
前記再生可能なポリエステルの重量に基づいて約1重量%から約30重量%の少なくとも1つの重合体硬化添加物;および、
前記再生可能なポリエステルの重量に基づいて約0.1重量%から約20重量%の少なくとも1つの中間モディファイアーを含み、前記熱可塑性組成物は、複数の分離した一次ドメインが連続相内で分散された形態を有し、前記ドメインは、前記重合体硬化添加物を含み、および前記連続相は、前記再生可能なポリエステルを含み;
前記フィルムは、約2500メガパスカル以下の縦方向および幅方向の引張り係数、約10%以上の縦方向の切断時引張り伸びおよび約15%以上の幅方向の切断時引張り伸びを示し、前記引張り係数および切断時引張り伸びは、ASTM D638−10にしたがって23℃にて決定され、前記熱可塑性組成物のガラス転移温度と前記再生可能なポリエステルのガラス転移温度の比は、約0.7から約1.3である、熱可塑性組成物。 - 前記再生可能なポリエステルは、ポリ乳酸である、請求項1のフィルム。
- 前記再生可能なポリエステルおよび前記熱可塑性組成物は、約50℃から約75℃のガラス転移温度を有する,請求項1または2のフィルム。
- 前記再生可能なポリエステルの溶解パラメーターと前記重合体硬化添加物の溶解パラメーターの比は、約0.5から約1.5であり、前記再生可能なポリエステルのためのメルトフローレートと前記重合体硬化添加物のメルトフローレートの比は、約0.2から約8であり、および前記再生可能なポリエステルのヤングの弾性率と前記重合体硬化添加物のヤングの弾性率の比は、約2から約500である、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記重合体硬化添加物は、プロピレンホモポリマー、プロピレン/α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン/α−オレフィン共重合体またはその組み合わせなどのポリオレフィンを含む、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記中間モディファイアーは、40℃温度にて決定される、約0.7から約200センチストークの動粘度を有する、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記中間モディファイアーは、疎水性である、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記中間モディファイアーは、シリコーン、シリコーン−ポリエーテル共重合体、脂肪族ポリエステル、芳香族ポリエステル、アルキレングリコール、アルカンジオール、アミンオキシド、脂肪酸エステル、またはその組み合わせである、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記分離されたドメインは、約0.05マイクロメートルから約30マイクロメートルの長さを有する、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 相容化剤、ポリエポキシドモディファイアーまたは両方をさらに含む、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記組成物は、ポリ(エチレン−コ−メタクリラート−コ−メタクリル酸グリシジル)などの、エポキシ−官能性(メタ)アクリル酸単量体成分を含むポリエポキシドモディファイアーを含む、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記再生可能なポリエステルは、約70重量%以上の熱可塑性組成物を構成する、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記フィルムは、ASTM D638−10にしたがって23℃にて決定される、約50から約2000 メガパスカルの縦方向および幅方向の引張り係数を示す、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記フィルムは、ASTM D638−10にしたがって23℃にて決定される、約100%から約600%の縦方向の切断時引張り伸びおよび約100%から約400%の幅方向の切断時引張り伸びを示す、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記フィルムは、約1から約200マイクロメートルの厚みを有する、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- 前記フィルムは、基部層および少なくとも一つのさらなる層を含む多層フィルムであり、前記基部層は、前記熱可塑性組成物を含む、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルム。
- おおむね液体不透過性層を含み、前記層は、前述の請求項のいずれかのフィルムを含む、吸収性製品。
- 前記おおむね液体不透過性層と液体の透水層との間に配置された吸収性コアをさらに含む、請求項17の吸収性製品。
- 前記フィルムは、不織布のウェブ材料に接合される、請求項17または18の吸収性製品。
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US20130209770A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
EP2812381A4 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
RU2618561C2 (ru) | 2017-05-04 |
AU2013217366A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
KR20140127817A (ko) | 2014-11-04 |
AU2013217366B2 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
US8980964B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
US10815374B2 (en) | 2020-10-27 |
MX343476B (es) | 2016-11-04 |
MX2014009538A (es) | 2014-11-10 |
KR20200032754A (ko) | 2020-03-26 |
EP2812381B1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
KR102209321B1 (ko) | 2021-01-29 |
RU2014134788A (ru) | 2016-03-27 |
JP6153208B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 |
CN104144974B (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
CN104144974A (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
WO2013118023A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
BR112014019496B1 (pt) | 2021-02-23 |
BR112014019496A8 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
EP2812381A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
US20150159012A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
BR112014019496A2 (ja) | 2017-06-20 |
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