JP2015508128A - 炭素繊維へとさらに変換するためのリグニン繊維の安定化方法 - Google Patents
炭素繊維へとさらに変換するためのリグニン繊維の安定化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015508128A JP2015508128A JP2014553277A JP2014553277A JP2015508128A JP 2015508128 A JP2015508128 A JP 2015508128A JP 2014553277 A JP2014553277 A JP 2014553277A JP 2014553277 A JP2014553277 A JP 2014553277A JP 2015508128 A JP2015508128 A JP 2015508128A
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- Prior art keywords
- lignin
- fibers
- softwood
- fiber
- stabilization
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- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282821 Hippopotamus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008823 permeabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
- D01F9/17—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate from lignin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/91—Heating, e.g. for cross linking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/02—Heat treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2096/00—Use of specified macromolecular materials not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2001/00 - B29K2095/00, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0058—Liquid or visquous
- B29K2105/0067—Melt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/731—Filamentary material, i.e. comprised of a single element, e.g. filaments, strands, threads, fibres
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
a)分画および/または非分画軟材アルカリ性リグニンを提供するステップ;
b)任意に、該軟材アルカリ性リグニンを精製するステップ;
c)任意に、該軟材アルカリ性リグニンに分画および/または非分画硬材アルカリ性リグニンを添加するステップ;
d)該材料を紡糸し、それによってリグニン繊維を得るステップ;
e)不活性条件下でリグニン繊維を安定化するステップ。
マツおよびトウヒ木材の混合物のクラフトパルプ化から得た黒液に、120℃の温度で、セラミックメンブラン(15kDa)を用いる限外ろ過を施した。回収した透過物を、二酸化炭素ガスにより、70℃でpH〜9まで酸化した。ろ過後、リグニンケークを水中に懸濁させ、硫酸でpH〜2まで酸性化させた。リグニンのろ過に続いて、水洗し、乾燥し、次の特性を有する精製軟材クラフトリグニンを得た:灰分0.9%、炭水化物0.4%、ガラス転移温度(Tg)140℃、分解温度(Td)280℃。
クラフトパルプ化液を用いるマツおよびトウヒ木材の混合物のパルプ化によって得た黒液から、軟材クラフトリグニンを単離した。リグニン単離工程は、EP 1794363に記載されたステップに従い行った。次の特性が得られた:灰分0.9%、炭水化物2%、ガラス転移温度(Tg)140℃、分解温度(Td)273℃。
カバおよびポプラ木材の混合物のクラフトパルプ化から得た黒液に、120℃の温度で、セラミックメンブラン(15kDa)を用いる限外ろ過を施した。回収した透過物を、二酸化炭素ガスにより、60℃でpH〜9まで酸化した。ろ過後、リグニンケークを水中に懸濁させ、硫酸でpH〜2まで酸性化させた。リグニンのろ過に続いて、水洗し、乾燥し、次の特性を有する精製硬材クラフトリグニンを得た:灰分0.9%、炭水化物0.4%、ガラス転移温度(Tg)114℃、分解温度(Td)274℃。
乾燥精製軟材クラフトリグニン(7グラム)を実施例1に記載のようにして製造し、200℃に保った実験用押出機に導入した。リグニン繊維の直径0.5mmのダイからの押出前に、押出機内で2つのスクリューを〜25rpmの速度で少なくとも10分間回転させることにより、リグニンを該温度で均質化させた。得られた連続リグニン繊維を30m/分の巻取速度を用いてボビンに回収した。
実施例2および実施例3からの合計7グラムの乾燥クラフトリグニンを95:5(重量による)の割合で混合し、200℃に保った実験用押出機に導入した。実施例4に記載するようにしてリグニン繊維を製造した。
実施例2および実施例3からの合計7グラムの乾燥クラフトリグニンを9:1(重量による)の割合で混合し、200℃に保った実験用押出機に導入した。実施例4に記載するようにしてリグニン繊維を製造した。
実施例4からの軟材クラフトリグニン繊維を、窒素(>99.999%)が充満した密封ガラス管中に入れ、温度制御オーブン中、周囲温度〜250℃まで4℃/分の加熱速度を用いて熱安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を30分間等温処理した。
実施例4からの軟材クラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から250℃までの、10℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を60分間等温処理した。
実施例4からの軟材クラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から250℃まで、70℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を10分間等温処理した。
実施例4からの軟材クラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から200℃まで、70℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を30分間等温処理した。
実施例4からの軟材クラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から220℃まで、70℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を20分間等温処理した。
実施例5からのクラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から250℃まで、10℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を60分間等温処理した。
実施例6からのクラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から250℃まで、1℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を30分間等温処理した。
実施例6からのクラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から250℃まで、70℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を10分間等温処理した。
実施例6からのクラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から200℃まで、70℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を30分間等温処理した。
実施例6からのクラフトリグニン繊維を、周囲温度から220℃まで、70℃/分の加熱速度を用いて実施例7に従い安定化させた、ここで、リグニン繊維を20分間等温処理した。
実施例7〜16の安定化リグニン繊維を、窒素雰囲気中、管状炉を用いて、周囲温度から250℃まで20℃/分の加熱速度で、続いて、1℃/分の加熱速度で600℃まで、続いて3℃/分で1000℃までで、炭化させた。EM解析より見て、固形状および均質な炭素繊維が得られた。さらに、該繊維は融合せず、その形状を維持した。
実施例4からの軟材クラフトリグニン繊維を、セラミック試料ホルダーに入れ、窒素(>99.999%)で満たした管状炉中に入れた。加熱速度10℃/分で250℃まで、および、10分間の等温、続く加熱速度3℃/分で1000℃までを用いるワンステップ操作において、リグニン繊維を熱安定化し、炭化した。EM解析より見て、固形状および均質な炭素繊維が得られた。さらに、該繊維は融合せず、その形状を維持した。
Claims (12)
- 次のステップ:
a)分画および/または非分画軟材アルカリ性リグニンを供給するステップ;
b)場合により、該軟材アルカリ性リグニンを精製するステップ;
c)場合により、分画および/または非分画硬材アルカリ性リグニンを該軟材アルカリ性リグニンに添加するステップ;
d)該材料を紡糸し、これによってリグニン繊維を得るステップ;
e)該リグニン繊維を不活性条件下で安定化するステップ
を含む、安定化リグニン繊維の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の安定化リグニン繊維に炭化を施す、構造用炭素繊維の製造方法。
- 不活性条件下で炭化を行う請求項2に記載の方法。
- 限外ろ過によりa)分画を行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- d)における紡糸は溶融押出であり、前記材料のガラス転移温度を20〜75℃超える温度で行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 不活性条件は、窒素、ヘリウム、ネオン、アルゴン、クリプトン、キセノンのいずれか1種を用いることによりもたらされる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- e)において、170〜300℃の間隔の温度で安定化を短時間に行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- e)において、毎分1〜200℃の加熱速度で周囲温度から250℃までで安定化を行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 毎分4〜70℃の加熱速度で周囲温度から220℃まで安定化を行う、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 最高温度で1〜60分間、リグニン繊維を等温処理する、請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- 不活性条件下でのリグニン繊維の安定化および炭化工程をワンステップ操作として行う、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の方法によって得られる繊維材料。
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PCT/SE2013/050039 WO2013112100A1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-01-21 | Method for stabilizing lignin fiber for further conversion to carbon fiber |
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