JP2015505552A - 新規治療薬 - Google Patents
新規治療薬 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015505552A JP2015505552A JP2014555210A JP2014555210A JP2015505552A JP 2015505552 A JP2015505552 A JP 2015505552A JP 2014555210 A JP2014555210 A JP 2014555210A JP 2014555210 A JP2014555210 A JP 2014555210A JP 2015505552 A JP2015505552 A JP 2015505552A
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- solvate
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
Zは、(CRaRb)pN(Ra)(CRaRb)qであり;
X1およびX2は、ハロおよびOSO2Rcから各々独立して選択され;
Pは、
Qは、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ハロ、ニトロ、オキソ、シアノまたはOReで任意で置換される、ヘテロアリールであり;
Ra、Rb、RdおよびReは、H、アルキル、アルケニルおよびアルキニルから各々独立して選択され;
Rcは、アルキル、アルケニルおよびアルキニルから選択され;
pおよびqは、0、1、2、3および4から各々独立して選択される]
の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または前記式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシドの薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物もしくは多形もしくは互変異性体に関する。
・プロドラッグ誘導体:プロドラッグは、対象への投与の後に、in vivoで本発明の活性化合物に変換される[Nature Reviews of Drug Discovery、2008、7巻、255頁]。多くの例では、プロドラッグ自体も本発明による化合物の範囲内に入ることに注意されたい。本発明の化合物のプロドラッグは、標準の有機反応によって、例えばカルバミル化薬剤(例えば、1,1-アシロキシアルキルカルボノクロリデート、パラ-ニトロフェニルカーボネートなど)またはアシル化剤と反応させることによって調製することができる。プロドラッグを作製する方法および戦略のさらなる例は、Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters、1994、4巻、1985頁に記載される。
・重水素富化化合物:重水素(Dまたは2H)は、水素の安定した非放射性同位体であり、2.0144の原子量を有する。水素は、同位体XH(水素またはプロチウム)、D(2Hまたは重水素)およびT(3Hまたはトリチウム)の混合物として天然に存在する。重水素の天然の存在度は、0.015%である。当業者は、H原子を有する全ての化合物において、H原子は実際にはHおよびDの混合物を表し、約0.015%がDであることを認識する。したがって、0.015%のその天然の存在度より大きくなるように富化された重水素のレベルを有する化合物は、非天然であると、その結果、それらの非富化対応物に対して新規であるとみなすべきである。
・化合物-ポリマーコンジュゲート:多くの抗がん剤は、in vivoの動物異種移植に対して優れた抗腫瘍活性を示す。しかし、それらの水難溶性は、これらの薬物の投与を困難にする。これらの難溶性薬物の薬学的および薬物動態学的欠点を克服する1つのアプローチは、ポリマー、例えばポリエチレングリコール、デキストラン、ポリビニルアルコールおよび炭水化物重合体にそれらを共有結合させることである。このアプローチを用いて、ポリマーコンジュゲートを水性媒体で非経口的に投与することができるように、抗がん剤の水溶性を向上させることができる。
・化合物-抗体コンジュゲート:長年、ヒトのがんへ毒性薬剤を特異的に送達するためにモノクローナル抗体(MAb)を用いることは、とりわけ標的化薬物療法の分野において科学者の目標であった。腫瘍関連MAbおよび適する毒性薬剤のコンジュゲートが開発されている。毒性薬剤は最も一般的には化学療法剤であるが、特にがんの療法のためには、粒子放出放射性核種、または細菌もしくは植物の毒素もMAbとコンジュゲートされている(SharkeyおよびGoldenberg、CA Cancer J. Clin. 2006年7月〜8月; 56(4):226〜243頁)。MAb-化学療法剤コンジュゲートを用いる利点は、(a)化学療法剤は、それ自体構造的に明確であり;(b)化学療法剤は、しばしばMAb抗原結合領域から離れた特定部位で、非常に明確なコンジュゲーション化学的性質を用いてMAbタンパク質に連結され;(c)MAb-化学療法剤コンジュゲートは、MAbおよび細菌または植物の毒素を含む化学コンジュゲートより再現的に作製することができ、それ自体が商品開発および規制当局の承認にさらに適合するものであり;ならびに (d)MAb-化学療法剤コンジュゲートは、放射性核種MAbコンジュゲートより全身毒性が数桁低いことである。
用語「アルキル」は、1〜20個の炭素原子を含有する(例えば、C1〜C10)、直鎖または分枝状の炭化水素を指す。アルキルの例には、メチル、メチレン、エチル、エチレン、n-プロピル、i-プロピル、n-ブチル、i-ブチルおよびt-ブチルが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。好ましくは、アルキル基は1〜10個の炭素原子を有する。より好ましくは、アルキル基は1〜4個の炭素原子を有する。
ロテン、イソトレチノイン、トレチノイン(ATRA))が含まれる。
、EPHA3、EPHA4、EPHA5、EPHA6、EPHA7、EPHA8、EPHB1、EPHB2、EPHB3、EPHB4、ERBB2/HER2、ERBB4/HER4、ERK1/MAPK3、ERK2/MAPK1、ERK5/MAPK7、FAK/PTK2、FER、FES/FPS、FGFR1、FGFR2、FGFR3、FGFR4、FGR、FLT1/VEGFR1、FLT3、FLT4/VEGFR3、FMS、FRK/PTK5、FYN、GCK/MAP4K2、GRK1、GRK2、GRK3、GRK4、GRK5、GRK6、GRK7、GSK3a、GSK3b、Haspin、HCK、HGK/MAP4K4、HIPK1、HIPK2、HIPK3、HIPK4、HPK1/MAP4K1、IGF1R、IKKa/CHUK、IKKb/IKBKB、IKKe/IKBKE、IR、IRAK1、IRAK4、IRR/INSRR、ITK、JAK1、JAK2、JAK3、JNK1、JNK2、JNK3、KDR/VEGFR2、KHS/MAP4K5、LATS1、LATS2、LCK、LCK2/ICK、LKB1、LIMK1、LOK/STK10、LRRK2、LYN、LYNB、MAPKAPK2、MAPKAPK3、MAPKAPK5/PRAK、MARK1、MARK2/PAR-1Ba、MARK3、MARK4、MEK1、MEK2、MEKK1、MEKK2、MEKK3、MELK、MINK/MINK1、MKK4、MKK6、MLCK/MYLK、MLCK2/MYLK2、MLK1/MAP3K9、MLK2/MAP3K10、MLK3/MAP3K11、MNK1、MNK2、MRCKa/、CDC42BPA、MRCKb/、CDC42BPB、MSK1/RPS6KA5、MSK2/RPS6KA4、MSSK1/STK23、MST1/STK4、MST2/STK3、MST3/STK24、MST4、mTOR/FRAP1、MUSK、MYLK3、MYO3b、NEK1、NEK2、NEK3、NEK4、NEK6、NEK7、NEK9、NEK11、NIK/MAP3K14、NLK、OSR1/OXSR1、P38a/MAPK14、P38b/MAPK11、P38d/MAPK13、P38g/MAPK12、P70S6K/RPS6KB1、p70S6Kb/、RPS6KB2、PAK1、PAK2、PAK3、PAK4、PAK5、PAK6、PASK、PBK/TOPK、PDGFRa、PDGFRb、PDK1/PDPK1、PDK1/PDHK1、PDK2/PDHK2、PDK3/PDHK3、PDK4/PDHK4、PHKg1、PHKg2、PI3Ka、(p110a/p85a)、PI3Kb、(p110b/p85a)、PI3Kd、(p110d/p85a)、PI3Kg(p120g)、PIM1、PIM2、PIM3、PKA、PKAcb、PKAcg、PKCa、PKCb1、PKCb2、PKCd、PKCε、PKCη、PKCg、PKCι、PKCμ/PRKD1、PKCν/PRKD3、PKCθ、PKCζ、PKD2/PRKD2、PKG1a、PKG1b、PKG2/PRKG2、PKN1/PRK1、PKN2/PRK2、PKN3/PRK3、PLK1、PLK2、PLK3、PLK4/SAK、PRKX、PYK2、RAF1、RET、RIPK2、RIPK3、RIPK5、ROCK1、ROCK2、RON/MST1R、ROS/ROS1、RSK1、RSK2、RSK3、RSK4、SGK1、SGK2、SGK3/SGKL、SIK1、SIK2、SLK/STK2、SNARK/NUAK2、SRMS、SSTK/TSSK6、STK16、STK22D/TSSK1、STK25/YSK1、STK32b/YANK2、STK32c/YANK3、STK33、STK38/NDR1、STK38L/NDR2、STK39/STLK3、SRPK1、SRPK2、SYK、TAK1、TAOK1、TAOK2/TAO1、TAOK3/JIK、TBK1、TEC、TESK1、TGFBR2、TIE2/TEK、TLK1、TLK2、TNIK、TNK1、TRKA、TRKB、TRKC、TRPM7/CHAK1、TSSK2、TSSK3/STK22C、TTBK1、TTBK2、TTK、TXK、TYK1/LTK、TYK2、TYRO3/SKY、ULK1、ULK2、ULK3、VRK1、VRK2、WEE1、WNK1、WNK2、WNK3、YES/YES1、ZAK/MLTK、ZAP70、ZIPK/DAPK3、KINASE、MUTANTS、ABL1(E255K)、ABL1(F317I)、ABL1(G250E)、ABL1(H396P)、ABL1(M351T)、ABL1(Q252H)、ABL1(T315I)、ABL1(Y253F)、ALK (C1156Y)、ALK(L1196M)、ALK (F1174L)、ALK (R1275Q)、BRAF(V599E)、BTK(E41K)、CHK2(I157T)、c-Kit(A829P)、c-KIT(D816H)、c-KIT(D816V)、c-Kit(D820E)、c-Kit(N822K)、C-Kit (T670I)、c-Kit(V559D)、c-Kit(V559D/V654A)、c-Kit(V559D/T670I)、C-Kit (V560G)、c-KIT(V654A)、C-MET(D1228H)、C-MET(D1228N)、C-MET(F1200I)、c-MET(M1250T)、C-MET(Y1230A)、C-MET(Y1230C)、C-MET(Y1230D)、C-MET(Y1230H)、c-Src(T341M)、EGFR(G719C)、EGFR(G719S)、EGFR(L858R)、EGFR(L861Q)、EGFR(T790M)、EGFR、(L858R,T790M)、EGFR(d746-750/T790M)、EGFR(d746-750)、EGFR(d747-749/A750P)、EGFR(d747-752/P753S)、EGFR(d752-759)、FGFR1(V561M)、FGFR2(N549H)、FGFR3(G697C)、FGFR3(K650E)、FGFR3(K650M)、FGFR4(N535K)、FGFR4(V550E)、FGFR4(V550L)、FLT3(D835Y)、FLT3(ITD)、JAK2 (V617F)、LRRK2 (G2019S)、LRRK2 (I2020T)、LRRK2 (R1441C)、p38a(T106M)、PDGFRa(D842V)、PDGFRa(T674I)、PDGFRa(V561D)、RET(E762Q)、RET(G691S)、RET(M918T)、RET(R749T)、RET(R813Q)、RET(V804L)、RET(V804M)、RET(Y791F)、TIF2(R849W)、TIF2(Y897S)、およびTIF2(Y1108F)。
プロテアソーム阻害剤(例えばボルテゾミブ、カルフィルゾミブ)。
IMID(例えばサリドマイド、レナリドマイド、ポマリドミド)。
白金薬剤(例えばシスプラチン、カルボプラチン)。
葉酸塩アンタゴニスト(例えばペメトレキセド、プララトレキサート)。
CD30抗体およびコンジュゲート(例えばブレンツキシマブ、ベンドチン)。
抗CD20などの血液悪性腫瘍を処置する抗体(コンジュゲートしていてもよい)(例えばオファツムマブ、リツキシマブ、GA101など)。
B細胞受容体アンタゴニスト(例えばイブルチニブ)。
PI3Kアンタゴニスト(例えばGS1101またはIPI145)。
BTK阻害剤。
タキサン(例えばタキソール、パクリタキセル)。
卵巣がんを処置する抗体(コンジュゲートしていてもよい)(例えばアルファ葉酸受容体mab、CA125抗体)。
多発性骨髄腫を処置する抗体(例えばエロツズマブ、抗CD38 mab)。
アントラサイクリン(例えばドキソルビシン、イダルビシン)。
シタラビン、フルダラビン、ゲムシタビンなどのヌクレオシド類似体(プリンアンタゴニスト)。
PNPアンタゴニスト(例えばホロデシン)。
Bcr-ablチロシンキナーゼブロッカー(例えばイマチニブ、ダサチニブ、ポナチニブ、ニロチニブ)。
mTorアンタゴニスト(例えばテムシロリムス、エベロリムス)。
CD40活性化に影響する薬剤(例えばCD40アンタゴニスト、CD40遺伝子薬)。
マルチチロシンキナーゼアンタゴニスト(例えばソラフェニブ、アキシチニブ)。
二機能性抗体(例えばCD19/CD3、コンジュゲートしていてもよい、他のCDエピトープを認識するものでもよい)。
本発明による化合物は、様々な反応スキームによって合成することができる。必要な出発物質は、有機化学の標準手順によって得ることができる。本発明の化合物および工程は、例示だけが目的であり、本発明の範囲を限定するものではない、以下の代表的な合成スキームおよび実施例に関連してより良く理解される。開示される実施形態への様々な変更および修正は当業者に明白であり、それらに限定されないが、本発明の化学構造、置換基、誘導体および/または方法に関するものを含む、そのような変更および修正は、本発明の精神および添付の請求項の範囲を逸脱しない範囲で加えることができる。
本発明は、以下の非限定例で例示される。
DCM=ジクロロメタン
Boc=tert-ブチルオキシカルボニル
HATU=O-(7-アザベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル)-N,N,N',N'-テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
TEA=リエタノールアミン
MsCl=メタンスルホニルクロリド
DMF=フッ化ジメチル
THF=テトラヒドロフラン
EA=酢酸エチル
HDAC酵素に対する本発明の化合物の阻害活性を評価するために、以下のアッセイプロトコルを用いる(Hela核抽出アッセイ):
・緩衝液:25mM HEPES、pH8.0、137mM NaCl、2.7mM KCl、1mM MgCl2
・基質:DMSO中の50mM保存溶液中のFluor-de-Lys基質(Biomol、カタログ#KI-104)。
・酵素保存溶液:緩衝液中の4μg/mLの酵素。
CY-102とHDAC8の間の相互作用を評価するために、MOEプログラム(Chemical Computer Group、Canada)によるコンピューターモデリングを用いた。結果(示さず)は、CY-102がHDAC8にその触媒中心で強く結合することを示し、CY-102が強力なHDAC阻害剤であることを示す既存のデータと一貫している。
水溶性を測定するために、管栓付の10mLメスシリンダー内のおよそ10mgの試料に、下の表に示す段階に従って漸増量の蒸留水を室温で加えた:
PerkinElmer ATPlite(商標)発光アッセイ系を用いて、細胞抗増殖アッセイを実施する。簡潔には、Costar96ウェルプレートに、1ウェルにつき約1×104細胞数の密度で様々な試験がん細胞系を平板培養し、5%FBSを加えた培地で異なる濃度の化合物と一緒に約72時間インキュベートする。5mLの基質緩衝溶液を加えることによって、次に凍結乾燥基質溶液の1バイアルを再構成し、溶液が均一になるまで静かに撹拌する。マイクロプレートの各ウェルにつき哺乳動物細胞溶解溶液の約50μLを100μLの細胞懸濁液に加え、約700rpmの回転振盪機でプレートを約5分間振盪する。この手法は、細胞を溶解し、ATPを安定させるために用いられる。次に、50μLの基質溶液をウェルに加え、約700rpmの回転振盪機でマイクロプレートを5分間振盪する。最後に、PerkinElmer TopCount(登録商標)マイクロプレートシンチレーションカウンターで発光を測定する。試験化合物の一定範囲の用量で実行されるそのようなアッセイは、本発明の化合物の細胞抗増殖IC50の判定を可能にする。
単一の化合物用量(10μM)を用いるNCI 60細胞系スクリーニングのために、NL-101およびCY-102を米国国立がん研究所(NCI)に送付した。
薬物候補CY-102の心臓毒性作用を評価するために、hERG(ヒトEther-a-go-go関連遺伝子)アッセイを用いた。結果(示さず)は、CY-102がNL-101のそれと比較してかなりより低い(約5〜10倍低い)心毒性を有することを実証した。
NL-101と比較して、CY-102はin vitro細胞抗増殖アッセイでかなりより強力であり(約10倍より強力、上記参照)、hERGアッセイでかなりより低いin vitro心毒性を示し(約5〜10倍より低い、上記参照)、水にかなりより(>200倍)可溶性である(上記参照)。したがって、乳がん(MBA-MD-231、MX-1)、SCLC(H69、H526)、肉腫(HT-1080、SJSA-1)、黒色腫(MDA-MB-435、SK-MEL-5)およびNSCLC(H1975、HCC827、H3255、PC-9)の異種移植モデルでのin vivo研究のために、CY-102が選択される。
Claims (21)
- 式(I)
Zは、(CRaRb)pN(Ra)(CRaRb)qであり;
X1およびX2は、ハロおよびOSO2Rcから各々独立して選択され;
Pは、
Qは、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ハロ、ニトロ、オキソ、シアノまたはOReで任意で置換される、ヘテロアリールであり;
Ra、Rb、RdおよびReは、H、アルキル、アルケニルおよびアルキニルから各々独立して選択され;
Rcは、アルキル、アルケニルおよびアルキニルから選択され;
pおよびqは、0、1、2、3および4から各々独立して選択される]
の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または前記式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシドの薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体。 - pは1であり、qは2であり;またはpは2であり、qは1であり;またはpは0であり、qは3であり;またはpは3であり、qは0であり;または、pおよびqの両方は2である、請求項1に記載の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体。
- Zは(CH2)pNH(CH2)qである、請求項1もしくは2に記載の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体。
- Zは(CH2)2NH(CH2)である、請求項3に記載の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体。
- X1およびX2は、クロロ、ブロモおよびヨードから各々独立して選択される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体。
- X1およびX2は両方共にクロロである、請求項5に記載の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体。
- Qは任意で置換されるベンズイミダゾリルである、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体。
- Qは、1つまたは複数のアルキル基で置換されるベンズイミダゾリルである、請求項7に記載の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または薬学的に許容されるその塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体。
- 前記化合物の塩酸塩または溶媒和物または多形である、請求項11に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に規定される式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または前記式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシドの薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体、および薬学的に許容される希釈剤または担体を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に規定される式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または前記式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシドの薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体を、1つまたは複数の他の治療薬と一緒に含む組合せ。
- 前記1つまたは複数の他の治療薬が、
プロテアソーム阻害剤(例えばボルテゾミブ、カルフィルゾミブ)、
IMID(例えばサリドマイド、レナリドマイド、ポマリドミド)、
白金薬剤(例えばシスプラチン、カルボプラチン)、
葉酸アンタゴニスト(例えばペメトレキセド、プララトレキサート)、
CD30抗体およびコンジュゲート(例えばブレンツキシマブ、ベンドチン)、
抗CD20などの血液悪性腫瘍を処置する抗体(コンジュゲートしていてもよい)(例えばオファツムマブ、リツキシマブ、GA101など)、
B細胞受容体アンタゴニスト(例えばイブルチニブ)、
PI3Kアンタゴニスト(例えばGS1101またはIPI145)、
BTK阻害剤、
タキサン(例えばタキソール、パクリタキセル)、
卵巣がんを処置する抗体(コンジュゲートしていてもよい)(例えばアルファ葉酸受容体mab、CA125抗体)、
多発性骨髄腫を処置する抗体(例えばエロツズマブ、抗CD38 mab)、
アントラサイクリン(例えばドキソルビシン、イダルビシン)、
シタラビン、フルダラビン、ゲムシタビンなどのヌクレオシド類似体(プリンアンタゴニスト)、
PNPアンタゴニスト(例えばホロデシン)、
Bcr-ablチロシンキナーゼブロッカー(例えばイマチニブ、ダサチニブ、ポナチニブ、ニロチニブ)、
mTorアンタゴニスト(例えばテムシロリムス、エベロリムス)、
CD40活性化に影響する薬剤(例えばCD40アンタゴニスト、CD40遺伝子薬)、
マルチチロシンキナーゼアンタゴニスト(例えばソラフェニブ、アキシチニブ)、および
二機能性抗体(例えばCD19/CD3、コンジュゲートしていてもよい、他のCDエピトープを認識するものでもよい)
から選択される、請求項14に記載の組合せ。 - 医薬としての使用のための、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に規定される式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、もしくは前記式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシドの薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体、または請求項14もしくは15に記載の組合せ。
- 新生物疾患または免疫疾患を処置するための医薬としての使用のための、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に規定される式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、もしくは前記式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシドの薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体、または請求項14もしくは15に記載の組合せ。
- 新生物疾患または免疫疾患を処置する方法であって、それを必要とする対象に、有効量の、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に規定される式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、もしくは前記式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシドの薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体、または請求項14もしくは15に記載の組合せを投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記新生物疾患が固形腫瘍である、請求項17に記載の使用のための化合物もしくは組合せ、または請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記固形腫瘍が黒色腫、乳がん、肺がん、結腸がん、腎臓がん、または肉腫である、請求項19に記載の使用のための化合物もしくは組合せ、または方法。
- 新生物疾患または免疫疾患の処置での同時、別々または逐次的な使用のための組合せ調製物としての、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に規定される式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシド、または前記式(I)の化合物もしくはそのN-オキシドの薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物、多形もしくは互変異性体、および請求項15に規定される1つまたは複数の他の治療薬を含有する製品。
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