JP2015186457A - Feed for wild silkworms, processing method therefor, method for raising wild silkworms and method for producing wild silkworm cocoon - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a feed for wild silkworms by which wild silkworm cocoons can be obtained, which are high grade products, several times a year, and to provide a processing method therefor, a method for raising the wild silkworms and a method for producing the wild silkworm cocoons by using the feed for wild silkworms.SOLUTION: The problem is solved by a method for processing the feed for the wild silkworms that has: a step of putting tree leaves for the feed for the wild silkworms, such as collected Quercus acutissima and the like, and water into a container and freezing the same; a step of bringing the frozen tree leaves into contact with boiling water or approximately boiling water at a temperature difference of 100°C or more; and a step of preserving the contacted tree leaves after being dried. The method for raising the wild silkworms is to raise by feeding to larvae the feed for the wild silkworms returned by adding water to the tree leaves preserved by the processing method. The method of producing the wild silkworm cocoons is to raise the wild silkworms indoors or in a house using the feed for the wild silkworms and to produce cocoons twice or more a year.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tengu bait, a processing method thereof, a tengu breeding method and a tengu production method, and more specifically, a tengu bait that makes it possible to obtain a high-quality tengu several times a year, The present invention relates to a processing method, a method for raising a tengu using the tenji food, and a method for producing a tengu.

  Tenyu (Yamama Yuga) is a typical wild boar, and eats leaves such as Kutagi and inhabits the mountain. Tengu is monomorphic, completely transformed into eggs, larvae, pupae and adults and overwinters in the egg state. Larvae hatched from late April to early May under natural conditions, eat leaves in about two months, become mature after four moltings and five age periods, and form cocoons. It begins to hatch 7-8 days after its beginning, and some emerge from early August and lay eggs on the twigs of edible trees. Rearing indoors by adjusting environmental conditions is much faster than outdoors, resulting in fewer deaths and better quality. Tendon threads of about 600 m to 700 m in length from 1 grain of cocoons and about 250 g to 300 g of 1000 grains are obtained. This tenji yarn has excellent characteristics such as graceful luster, thick, large elongation, durable and crease-free, woven, warm, and good touch. ing.

  In order to obtain a tengu thread stably, it is necessary to artificially raise a tengu and obtain several times a year, but the problem with artificial breeding is the procurement of food. Tendon eats natural cucumber leaves, but cucumbers are deciduous trees and cannot be procured throughout the year. Another problem is that the stored leaves of cucumber are hard and do not eat tengu.

  Tendon artificial feed has been studied to solve these problems. In Non-Patent Document 1, an artificial feed is prepared using leaf powders of five kinds of Quercus genus forage trees. I am considering that. Further, Non-Patent Document 2 discusses problems with the artificial feed for tempura. In these documents 1 and 2, it is intended to prepare various raw material powders and provide them as pellet-shaped artificial feed. Patent Document 1 discloses a cold-water-swellable granular starch obtained by subjecting corn starch to heat treatment in the presence of ethanol, propanol, or the like, as an artificial feed for rabbits, not an artificial feed for tengu. Artificial feeds containing saponins have been proposed.

Hiroshi Saito, et al. “Cultivation of Tendon by Artificial Forage Feeding”, Hokkaido University Agricultural Research Report, No. 32, pp. 61-69 (2001). Toshimasa Mitamura, “Problems and Future Prospects of Tendon Artificial Feed Production”, Yarn and Insect Biotech, Volume 82 (2), pages 85-90 (2013).

JP-A-6-237705

  However, the artificial feed studied in the above prior art documents still has a lot of room for improvement as a food preferred by tempura, and was insufficient as a food for obtaining tempura several times a year.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to make a high-quality tengu several times a year, a processing method for the tengu, its processing method, and its tengu It is to provide a method for raising tengu using a food for food and a method for producing tengu.

  (1) A method for processing a food for a tengu according to the present invention for solving the above-described problem includes a step of freezing a collected tree for feeding a tengu such as cucumber and water in a container, and the frozen leaves It comprises a step of bringing boiling water or substantially boiling water into contact at a temperature difference of 100 ° C. or more, and a step of storing the dried tree leaves after drying.

  According to this invention, the frozen tree leaves are brought into contact with boiling water or substantially boiling water with a large temperature difference, so that the gloss of the surface of the leaves (gloss derived from the cuticle layer) can be eliminated. Furthermore, since it dries after that and preserve | saves, if water is added to the leaf after preservation | save, the leaf will absorb a water | moisture content and it can return to a leaf softer than a natural leaf. Tendon prefers to eat these leaves, so even if the larvae of the tengu are hatched several times a year, the larvae will steadily grow by eating the tenji food. As a result, a high-quality tengu can be obtained several times a year.

  (2) A method for raising a tengu according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is obtained by adding larvae to the tengu food that has been returned by adding water to the leaves preserved by the method for processing a tengu bait according to the present invention. It is characterized by being fed and raised.

  According to this invention, if water is added to the preserved leaves, the leaves can absorb moisture and return to softer leaves than natural leaves. If these leaves are given to the larva of the tengu as a food for the tengu, the larva of the tengu prefers to eat the bait for the tengu, so even if the larva of the tengu is hatched several times a year, the larva can grow smoothly. it can. As a result, a high-quality tengu can be obtained several times a year.

  (3) Tengu bait according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a tree leaf such as cucumber that has been dry-stored as a tengu bait, and returns to a soft leaf with no surface gloss by adding water. It is characterized by.

  (4) A method for producing a tengu according to the present invention for solving the above-described problem is to cultivate the tengu indoors or in a house using the above-mentioned bait for the tengu according to the present invention, and cultivate at least twice a year. It is characterized by producing.

  According to the above method for producing tengu, and the tengu production method, by adding water to the dried leaves such as kunugi, the leaves absorb water and return to softer leaves than natural leaves. Tendon prefers to eat this food for tengu because it is food. As a result, even if the larvae of the tengu are hatched several times a year, the larvae grow smoothly on this tengu food. You can get a luxurious tengu several times a year. In addition, natural Kunugi has a surface gloss layer called a cuticle layer, but it is presumed that this food for tengu is soft and soft, and it is thought that tengu prefers to eat it.

  According to the present invention, when water is added to the preserved leaves, the leaves absorb moisture and become softer than natural leaves. Tendon prefers to eat such leaves, so even if the larvae of the tengu are hatched several times a year, the larvae grow well on this tengu food. As a result, a high-quality tengu can be obtained several times a year.

It is a photograph which shows an example of the food for tengu which concerns on this invention, the upper stage is the food for tengu before supplying water, and the lower stage is the food for tengu after supplying water. It is the photograph which shows the food for a top plate (upper stage) obtained with the processing method of the food for a top plate which concerns on this invention, and the food for a top plate which does not perform the processing method of the food for a top plate concerning this invention (lower stage). It is a photograph when a tengu at the age of five is eating the food for tengu according to the present invention. This is a picture of Tengu. This is a picture of a preserved Tengu egg This is a picture of a tengu inhabiting a natural Kunugi tree.

  Hereinafter, the food for a tengu, the processing method thereof, and the method for raising the tengu according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[Method of processing food for tengu]
The processing method of the food for the tengu according to the present invention includes a step of freezing the collected tree leaves and water for the tengu such as eel and the temperature difference between the frozen leaves and boiling water or substantially boiling water. It has the process of making it contact at 100 degreeC or more, and the process of preserve | saving after drying the said contacted leaves. In this processing method, the frozen tree leaves come in contact with boiling water or substantially boiling water with a large temperature difference, so that the gloss of the surface of the leaves (gloss derived from the cuticle layer) can be eliminated and the leaves become soft. Furthermore, since it dries after that and preserve | saves, if water is added to the leaf after preservation | save, it can return to a soft leaf without surface gloss. Tendon prefers to eat these leaves, so even if the larvae of the tengu are hatched several times a year, the larvae grow smoothly on this tengu food. As a result, a high-quality tengu can be obtained several times a year.

  Hereinafter, the processing method of the tengu bait and the obtained tengu bait will be described in detail. In addition, the foliage for the tengu food is a foliage for use as a food for the tengu, and is hereinafter simply referred to as “leaves”.

(Leaves)
The foliage is a foliage to be used as a food for the tengu (a foliage for tengu), and is not particularly limited as long as the tengu prefers to eat such as kunugi, konara, oak, and shirakashi. Of these, Kunugi is preferred.

  The time for collecting each tree leaf is preferably when it has grown to the extent that a tengu likes to eat. For example, for kunugi, it is preferable to collect the leaves for 3 months from June to August, and the time of young leaves is not so good. Here, it is preferable to collect a large amount of leaves at that time.

  Tree leaves to be collected may be collected from naturally grown cucumbers, etc., or from artificially grown cucumbers, etc., for use as a tengu. The collection method is not particularly limited, and the leaves attached to the branches may be removed, or the branches may be cut and collected, or may be carried in a large bag or container. The collected amount may be several tens of kg or several hundred kg.

(Freezing process)
The freezing step is a step of freezing a collected tree leaf such as cucumber and water in a container. The container is not particularly limited as long as water does not leak, and may be a plastic bag or a plastic container. It is preferable that the container is flexible, but it is not necessary. The capacity of such a container is selected according to how many leaves are put, and a container having the capacity is selected.

  Since water acts as a medium for freezing the leaves, it needs to have an amount that satisfies at least that effect. The amount of water varies depending on whether the container is a flexible bag or a hard container, so it cannot be generally stated, but in the case of a soft bag, it is easy to spread the water. Can be relatively reduced. On the other hand, in the case of a relatively rigid bag or container, it is difficult to spread water, so it is necessary to relatively increase the amount. As an example, when 1 kg of Kunugi leaves is put in a soft plastic bag, it is preferable to add water in the range of about 500 mL or more and 1500 mL or less to the 1 kg of Kunugi leaves.

  Freezing is performed by sealing a bag containing leaves and water so that water does not leak. The freezer may be a general freezer, and a large freezer is prepared according to the amount to be frozen. The freezing temperature is −10 ° C. or lower, preferably −20 ° C. or lower. In addition, although the minimum of temperature is not specifically limited, What is necessary is just about -30 degreeC.

  The freezing time is a time required for the leaves to be sufficiently cooled with frozen water. From the viewpoint of safety, the freezing time may be in the range of 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less, preferably 1 hour or more and 5 hours or less. It is about the following range.

(Hot water contact process)
The hot water contact step is a step of bringing the frozen leaves into contact with boiling water or hot water of boiling water at a temperature difference of 100 ° C. or higher. Hot water should just be boiling water or substantially boiling water. Boiling water or substantially boiling water refers to water that has been brought to a boiling state by heating water, or that has not been completely boiled, but is almost boiling. The boiling state is a state where the temperature is 100 ° C. if it is pure water without impurities, and the substantially boiling state is a temperature close to 100 ° C., for example, 90 ° C. even if it is not complete boiling. It refers to a range of not lower than 100 ° C. and not higher than 100 ° C.

  The temperature difference from the frozen state to the heated state is preferably 100 ° C. or more, preferably 120 ° C. or more and 130 ° C. or less. By giving this temperature difference to the frozen leaves, it can be finally made into a food for tengu that the tengu likes. When this temperature difference is not reached, it may become a food for tempura that tempura prefers to eat.

  The time of contacting with boiling water or substantially boiling water may be several minutes or longer, and is preferably about 5 minutes or longer and 30 minutes or shorter. Longer than that, there is no special effect. Here, the tree leaves sufficiently cooled in the freezer are brought into contact with boiling water or substantially boiling water at a temperature difference of 100 ° C. or more to give thermal shock to the leaves. After contact with boiling water or substantially boiling water, the contact is released.

  The contact mode of the frozen tree leaves and boiling water or substantially boiling water may be a method of putting frozen leaves into boiling water or substantially boiling water in a water tank, or put frozen trees in an empty water tank, Thereafter, boiling water or substantially boiling water may be added, or a shower of boiling water or substantially boiling water may be sprayed onto the frozen leaves. Other contact methods may be used as long as they are contact methods that have similar effects. In addition, since it is more preferable to hold | maintain the temperature during the time to contact, it is preferable that the water tank is equipped with heating devices, such as a heater.

  The leaves after this step are soft and the surface is not glossy. Natural cucumber has a surface gloss layer called cuticle layer, but the leaves obtained here are soft and soft. Also, its surface is different from natural kunugi and does not play water.

(Preservation process)
A preservation | save process is a process preserve | saved, after drying the said leaf which contacted hot water with the temperature difference of 100 degreeC or more. The drying means is not particularly limited, and may be any of sun drying, shade drying, hot air drying and the like. After drying, store in bags, containers, containers, warehouses, etc. The storage atmosphere may be a place not exposed to direct sunlight and about 28 ° C. or less. For example, it is preferable to store in Ziplock (registered trademark) in a place not exposed to direct sunlight and store at a temperature of 28 ° C. or lower. The storage period may be 1 year, 2 years, or 3 years or more.

(Battle for Tengu)
Tendon bait can be obtained by the above processing method. The resulting tempura bait is returned to a soft, moist, moistened leaf by adding water. Such a tempura bait can be preferably obtained by the processing method according to the present invention described above, but the processing method is not limited, and if it is a tempura bait that returns to soft leaves without surface gloss by adding water, It may be a food for tempura obtained by other methods.

  Tendon prefers to eat this food. When a tengu larva is hatched several times a year, the larva grows smoothly on this tengu food. As a result, a high-quality tengu can be obtained several times a year. Natural Kunugi has a surface gloss layer called the cuticle layer, but it is presumed that this Tendon bait is soft without it, and Tendon prefers to eat it. In addition, the cuticle layer is formed by thickening the unsaturated fatty acid cutin (keratin) on the outside of the epidermal cells and further infiltrating the lipid and the water-insoluble fatty acid ester wax. It is a skin layer that prevents the divergence of water from plants, the invasion of organisms and substances from the outside, and the damage caused by ultraviolet rays.

  FIG. 1 is a photograph showing an example of a tengu bait (kunugi leaf) according to the present invention, wherein the upper row is a tenji bait before supplying water, and the lower row is a tengu bait after supplying water. . FIG. 2 shows the processing of the food for the bonito (upper leaf) obtained by the processing method (the temperature difference is about 125 ° C.) for the bonito (kunugi leaf) according to the present invention, It is a photograph which shows the bait | feed for a tengu (lower stage) of the method (temperature difference is about 90 degreeC) which is not a method. Moreover, FIG. 3 is a photograph when the ten-year-old tengu eats the tenji food (kunugi leaf) according to the present invention.

  As can be seen from these results, when water is supplied to the preserved cucumber leaves, as shown in FIG. 1, the cucumber leaves suck up water and become slightly dark, but the tengu prefers eating these cucumber leaves. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, stored cucumber leaves are not glossy and absorb when water is applied, but natural cucumber leaves are glossy and repel without absorption when water is applied. When the two kinds of kunugi leaves shown in FIG. 2 were sprinkled with water and given to the tempura, the tempura favored the cucumber leaves that had been subjected to thermal shock with a temperature difference of about 125 ° C. The reason is considered to be that the cuticle layer on the surface of the leaves was broken and softened by the freezing and the subsequent heating performed in the present invention. On the other hand, cucumber leaves that gave a thermal shock with a temperature difference of less than 100 ° C. still have a gloss, and it is considered that the cuticle layer remains unbroken.

(Other)
In addition to the above-described steps, various steps can be added as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Although a vacuum drying process can also be applied, the cost of the food for the tengu obtained by vacuum drying is very high, and the cost difference of 200 times or more cannot be used for the tengu bait.

  The processing method of the food for the tengu according to the present invention described above does not require the use of an extremely expensive device such as a freezing vacuum dryer. can do.

[Tengu breeding method, Tengu production method]
In the method for raising a tengu according to the present invention, the larva is fed with the tengu food that has been restored by adding water to the leaves preserved by the processing method for the tengu food according to the present invention. The method for producing a tengu according to the present invention is characterized in that a tengu is bred indoors or in a house using a tenji bait, and the kite is produced at least twice a year. 4 is a photograph of a tengu, FIG. 5 is a photograph of a preserved tengu egg, and FIG. 6 is a photograph of a tengu inhabiting a natural kunugi tree.

  If water is added to the preserved leaves processed in the present invention, it can be returned to soft leaves with no surface luster, so if these leaves are given to the tengu larvae as a food for the tengu, the tengu larvae are preferred to eat, Even if a tengu larva is hatched several times a year, the larva can grow smoothly. As a result, a high-quality tengu can be obtained several times a year.

  Tengu eggs can be obtained by adult egg laying. Adult egg laying is generally performed from early August to mid-October. As shown in FIG. 5, the thus obtained tengu egg is stored in a thermostatic bath set at a low temperature of about 0 ° C., and can be stored in that state for a long period of time, for example, 5 months to 7 months. When breeding a tengu several times a year, eggs stored at a low temperature are put into a thermostat controlled at about 25 ° C. and hatched. Larvae can be raised by feeding the hatched larvae with the food for the tengu according to the present invention (see FIG. 3). Breeding several times a year can be performed by hatching eggs stored at a low temperature at regular intervals (3 months if they are four times a year), and feeding the hatched larvae with a meal.

  In addition, natural tengu usually overwinters with the larvae already completed in the egg (this is called larval state dormancy). This dormancy can be overcome by immersing the insect in an imidazole compound solution, and larvae can be obtained by removing the insect from the egg (Tanonchi, Koichi Suzuki, Eiichi Kuwano, Shinji Abe, Morihisa Kurihara Breaking dormancy of tengu eggs with juvenile hormone (KK-42) ”, Japanese Society of Sericultural Science 55 (4), p305-308, 1986).

  Tendon growth itself is basically the same as in the case of outdoor breeding, but it is possible to breed several times a year outdoors or in a house by realizing the food for tengu. The main difference was that traditional rearing had to be well managed. In other words, even if they were raised indoors, they were raised outdoors in the vegetative period, and therefore they required a lot of labor, such as branch management, disinfection, and pest control. However, according to the method for raising tengu according to the present invention, it is sufficient to perform management sufficient for harvesting the leaves, for example, to kunugi, and there is an advantage that the management level becomes extremely easy. These advantages greatly affect the cost of the tengu, and can produce a high quality and stable tengu in large quantities.

  In the breeding method according to the present invention, since a large amount of food for the tengu preserved by the above processing method can be used, a large number of larvae hatched with eggs can be reared indoors or in a house, and a rabbit (white silkworm) and Can be reared in the same way. In the past, breeding in the house has been carried out, but the breeding is to surround the breeding tree such as cucumber, etc. with the house to shield them from pests and organisms, and the breeding tree is not raised in the house. This is different from the present invention.

  The breeding indoors or in the house can isolate the tengu from ants, bees, birds, small animals, etc., which are external enemies, and can eliminate damage from external enemies. In addition, the breeding environment such as temperature is extremely stable compared to outdoor breeding and can be controlled, so that it is possible to realize stable breeding of Tendon without being influenced by natural weather. The realization of indoor or in-house breeding encourages harvesting of tengu, compared to outdoor breeding that can only be harvested once a year, and its production is extremely large, and is not affected by changes in the natural environment or external enemies. Moreover, it is possible to realize the production of firewood with stable quality. Moreover, since the food for tengu according to the present invention is brought into contact with boiling water or substantially boiling water at a temperature difference of 100 ° C. or higher after freezing, it is possible to kill bacteria, other organisms, eggs thereof, etc. Is less likely to get sick.

The realization of such a breeding method depends largely on the fact that it has become possible to provide the food for the tengu of the present invention that the tengu prefers to eat, and it is possible to harvest four to five times a year. Mass production can be realized, and the effect of the present invention is extremely great.

Claims (4)

  The step of freezing the collected foliage and water for tengu such as cucumber and the like, and the step of bringing the frozen foliage into contact with boiling water or substantially boiling water at a temperature difference of 100 ° C. or higher were brought into contact with each other. And a method of storing the tree leaves after drying.   A method for raising tengu, characterized in that larvae are fed with a tengu bait that has been restored by adding water to the leaves preserved by the method for processing a tengu bait according to claim 1.   A tengu bait, which is a leaf of a knugi or the like that has been dry preserved as a tengu bait, and returns to a soft tree leaf with no surface luster by adding water. A tengu production method, wherein tengu is raised indoors or in a house using the tenji food of claim 3, and two or more per year are produced.