JP2014523883A - 標的部位におけるフェノール化合物の生理活性を選択的に増大させる、部位活性化結合システム - Google Patents
標的部位におけるフェノール化合物の生理活性を選択的に増大させる、部位活性化結合システム Download PDFInfo
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- hydrogen peroxide
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- tannin
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
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Abstract
Description
GIN WU
背景
発明の分野
本明細書において提供される教示は、部位活性化(site-activated)結合システムであって、標的部位におけるフェノール化合物の生理活性を選択的に増大させる、前記システムに関する。
ポリフェノールなどの幾つかのフェノール化合物は、それらがin vivoで望ましくない反応性酸素種を除去する能力に起因して、ヒトなどの動物における抗酸化剤としての使用のために有益であると考えられる。かかる反応性酸素種として、例えば、一重項酸素、過酸化亜硝酸および過酸化水素を挙げることができる。このこれらの反応性酸素種を除去する能力は、細胞から細胞へのシグナリング、受容体感受性、炎症性酵素活性および遺伝子制御にすら影響を及ぼし得る。抗酸化剤分子は、例えば、分子の酸化を阻害し、過酸化水素などの酸化剤と結合を形成する複数の極性部分を有するものとして特徴づけられる。
本明細書において提供される教示は、一般に、部位活性化結合システムであって、標的部位においてフェノール化合物の生理活性を選択的に増大させる前記システムに関する。
本明細書において提供される教示は、一般に、標的部位におけるフェノール化合物の生理活性を選択的に増大させる、部位活性化結合システムに関する。ことさらには、ここで教示されるシステムは、反応性酸素種に結合したフェノール化合物を含み、ここで、該フェノール化合物と反応性酸素種とは、標的領域において酸化還元酵素の存在下において反応し、結合システム部位特異的な生体内活性化をもたらす。
結合ペアは、実質的に安定であるとみなすことができる。喪失は、結合ペアを製造した後のその潜在的酸化力を投与の時点と比較することにより測定することができ、これは、一部の態様において、妥当な有効期間を含んでもよい。
からなるフラバノールの群より選択することができる。および一部の態様において、フェノール化合物は、補酵素Q10の電子豊富な(還元型)形態であるユビキノールであってもよい。
結合システムの設計は、以下を含む:(i)フェノール化合物を選択すること、(ii)反応性酸素種を選択すること、(iii)フェノール化合物の反応性酸素種に対する比を選択すること、(iv)キャリアを選択すること。一部の態様において、フェノール化合物と反応性酸素種との間の会合を促進または改善するために、ならびに溶解度、組織吸収または毒性を潜在的に改変するために、フェノール化合物は誘導体化されていても、またはリンカーもしくは別の既知の方法(例えばエステル化など)を介して別の化学部分に付着していてもよい。
本明細書において教示される組成物は、健康サプリメントまたは栄養組成物として、医学的目的のために用いることができる。組成物は、対象における状態の処置において、治療的および/または予防的効果をもたらすことができる。結合システムの標的化された作用は、驚異的に低い有効用量のフェノール化合物の投与を可能にする。結果として、結合システムはまた、有効用量と任意の毒性作用/副作用との間の分離を実質的に増大することにより、安全性を改善する。
一部の態様において、結合システムは、非経口投与が皮膚または粘膜を貫通することを伴う場合、対象に、当業者に周知の任意の非−非経口の様式において投与してよい。これらの態様において、投与は、経口、眼、耳、鼻、泌尿生殖器、直腸、皮膚または粘膜へのものであってよい。一部の態様において、投与は、当業者に周知の任意の投与の様式を用いての、経口または局所であってよい。経口投与は、消化管、頬側、舌下、唇下、呼吸器投与を含んでもよく、固体または液体などのキャリアを用いてもよい。当業者は、選択される治療プログラム、投与される剤、対象の状態、および所望される効果が、用いられる投与のスケジュールおよびプログラムに影響を及ぼすことを理解するであろう。
本発明は、完成し、包装されラベルされた生成物を包含する製品を提供する。製品は、適切な投与単位形態を、例えばガラスバイアルまたは他の密封される容器などの、適切な容器(vessel)または容器(container)中に含む。経口投与のために好適な投与形態の場合、活性成分、例えば本明細書において教示される投与形態を含む1または2以上の剤は、経口、直腸、膣などによる投与のために好適であってもよい。あるいは、単位投与形態は、経口、経皮、局所または粘膜送達のために好適な固体であってもよい。
五倍子は、加水分解性タンニンの優れたソースである。五倍子(GALLAE CHINENSES、ヌルデ(Rhus semialata)の虫瘤からのもの)は、60%〜75%のタンニン酸および2%〜4%の没食子酸を含む。虫瘤抽出物は、特徴的に、フラボノイドを少ししか含まない。2〜12個の没食子酸残基を提示し、相対的に開放的で整合した(conformable)立体配置を有する、ポリガロイルブドウ糖またはポリガロイルキナ酸エステルは、安定な複数の水素結合を過酸化水素と形成するために有利である。
加水分解性タンニン−この例のために、以下に加えて、例1の五倍子を加水分解性タンニンとして用いた:
本発明の重要な側面は、ポリフェノール−過酸化水素の凝集物が、一般に、タンパク質をそれらのモノマーであるアミノ酸に分割するプロテアーゼおよびペプチダーゼ、脂質を3個の脂肪酸およびグリセロール分子に分割するリパーゼ、デンプンおよび糖などの炭水化物を単純な糖に分割するカルボヒドラーゼ、または拡散をヌクレオチドに分割するヌクレアーゼなどの消化酵素に対して、非反応性であることである。
100mgの五倍子(Sigma Aldrich、Chinese Gall)を100mlの10%の過酸化水素中に溶解し、次いで100mlの全容積まで希釈したものを含有する試料Aを、1mgの五倍子を100mlの0.1%の過酸化水素(10%の過酸化水素の100倍希釈)中に溶解し、次いで100mlの全容積まで希釈したものを含有する試料Bに対して比較した。希釈に起因して、希釈された過酸化水素のモル濃度は、試料A溶液の1/100であり、したがって、100倍少ないH2O2が五倍子との結合するために利用可能であった。試料Bと比較して比例的に低い量のH2O2が試料Aにおいて結合していることが疑われた。異なる量の利用可能なH2O2の相対的効果を比較するために、2つの結合システムの活性を、結合アッセイを用いて比較した。試料Aがより高い阻害効果を有し、このことは、より多い量の利用可能なH2O2が、結合システム中のフェノール化合物のより高い活性をもたらしたことを示す。
データは、結合システムが、身体の恒常性、特に胃腸管の健康を、保護、改善、維持するかまたは回復させることができることを示した。結合システムは、抗分泌性、抗感染性、抗病原性、抗接着性、抗アレルギー性および抗毒素性の機能を提供するのみならず、局所的な組織バリアの形成、組織の治癒、総透過性の減少、収斂性、および恒常性の回復を促進する。
腸の慢性のカンジダ・アルビカンス感染(皮膚発疹としても発現する)を診断されている42歳の男性は、5日間のザクロ/緑茶結合システムおよび過酸化水素の経口摂取の後で、発疹および腹部の不快の両方の著しい軽減を経験した。症状はレジメンの終了の後2週間をかけて、斬新的に元の重篤度へと戻った。
プラセボ対照による24時間の交差研究における43人の成人に、緑茶/ザクロ結合システムおよび過酸化水素の25mlの溶液を与え、接種後2時間にわたり観察した。対象は、有効物の経口摂取後2時間以内における、胃上部の酸による不快、悪心、腹部膨満および腹痛の著しい軽減を報告し、それに対して、プラセボにおいては注目すべき軽減はなかった。全てのカテゴリーにおいて、P<.05。
結合システムを与えられた成人対象の研究において、対象は、潰瘍、瘻孔、過敏性腸症候群、酸の逆流、食中毒、炎症性腸疾患、食品過敏性、旅行者下痢症、食事性変化(dietary change)および物理的不穏状態(すなわち、ランニングからの胃腸行路に対する不穏状態の処置に関する利益を報告した。
結合システムは、炎症性因子ならびに免疫補体、抗体および受容体に対して効率的に結合し、これを遮断または中和することができる。この活性は、生物または非生物因子に対する動物の炎症応答を調節することを促進し、これは自己免疫活性を軽減することを含む。細菌は、免疫系が、抗原(腸内細菌により産生されるものを含む)に対して、それが一旦経口摂取された場合、低い感受性を有する経口寛容として知られる現象に影響を及ぼすことができる。この寛容は、部分的に胃腸管の免疫系により、部分的に肝臓により媒介され、アレルギーおよび自己免疫疾患において見出されるもののような過剰応答性の免疫応答を誘導し得る。
殆どのアレルギー症状は、自然免疫系と関係する。しばしば、身体は、アレルギー症状を引き起こす過剰量のヒスタミン、セロトニン、プロスタグランジン、インターロイキンなどを放出することにより、アレルゲンに対して過剰に応答する。フェノール化合物またはタンパク質に対するこれらの免疫分子の構造的および挙動的類似性により、酵素により活性化される結合システムは、免疫応答性化合物に直接的に複合体化し、これを不活化するか、またはそれらの受容体を阻害する、潜在的能力を有し得る。
いかなる理論または作用の機序によっても拘束されることを意図することなく、結合システムは、少なくとも2つの機序により、創傷治癒を促進することができると考えられる。第1の機序は、創傷組織における、損傷組織からのペルオキシダーゼによる結合システムの活性化である。この活性化は、反応性酸素および酸素分子の放出を開始させ、創傷部位において潜在的に有害な病原体を損傷するか、または、架橋もしくは結合機能を開始させ、毒素を中和し、病原体の正常な増殖機能を妨害し、潜在的な感染を軽減する。第2の機序は、正常な増殖および治癒プロセスの間の、類似の機能を有する損傷組織表面と、タンパク質架橋機構との、迅速な架橋である。結合システムによる収斂効果および迅速な不応性バリアの形成は、体液の喪失を軽減するために役立ち、上皮組織のより速い治癒を促進するための物質として作用する。
結合システムの易感染性組織への直接的または間接的適用により提示される、抗菌剤、抗炎症剤および組織修復効果の相乗的組み合わせは、任意の皮膚、上皮組織または粘膜組織における異常な状態を矯正する上で有用な用途を有する。これらは、消化管、泌尿器系、生殖器系、呼吸器系、洞、耳管(aural canal)、涙管(tear ducts)、腹膜および皮膚の炎症性または自己免疫性の状態を含む。
結合システムは、動物の消化系の粘膜と相互作用して、健康な消化機能を促進し;腸内感染に対して予防的効果を提供し;下痢(scour)の発生率および持続期間を低減し、便スコアを改善し;死亡率を低下させ;体重増加率および摂食/増加比を改善し;成長力を改善し;病原体の糞便排出を低減し;および、内毒素の効果を低下させる。結合システムは、動物生産抗生物質に対する代替物、特に食品添加物として用いることができる。結合システムは、現在の抗生物質とは区別し得る作用の方法を有し、このことが、当該結合システムを、抗生物質耐性細菌に対して有用にし、抗生物質耐性を促進する可能性を低くする。
図2は、幾つかの態様による、50/50のザクロ−緑茶抽出物結合システムと過酸化水素との、過酸化水素:植物化合物(モル重量/乾重量)について10:1の比における組成物についての最少発育阻止濃度(MIC)試験を、公開されたデータから取得された他の一般的な抗菌化合物についてのMICと比較して示す。結合システムは、非常に強力な抗菌活性を有し、工業用バイオサイドのうちの最も強力なもの(Kathon)と類似するMICレベルを有する。さらに、結合システムの性能は、グラム陽性およびグラム陰性細菌に対して顕著に一貫している。化合物の全てが非常に異なる化学および作用の様式を有することは、特筆に値する。全ては、相対的にゆっくりと作用する静菌性化合物であり、RIFAXAMINおよび当該結合システムのみがヒトの摂取のために意図されていることを強調することは重要である。当該結合システムのMICの範囲はまた、過酸化水素単独についてのMICよりも数倍著しく低い。
Claims (20)
- 標的部位におけるフェノール化合物の生理活性を選択的に増大させる結合システムであって:
約500ダルトン〜約4000ダルトンの範囲の分子量を有するタンニンを含むフェノール成分;および
過酸化水素;
を含み、ここで、
前記過酸化水素は、前記タンニンに、約1:1000〜約10:1の範囲のタンニン:過酸化物重量比において、遊離可能に結合しており;
前記結合システムは、対象の組織損傷に応答して発現される酸化還元酵素を有する標的部位において、生体内活性化され;
前記フェノール成分は標的部位に選択的に結合し、前記標的部位は損傷組織からなり;ならびに
前記結合システムは、標的部位における生体内活性化に先立って、未結合の過酸化水素を含まないか、またはこれを実質的に含まない、
前記結合システム。 - 標的部位におけるフェノール化合物の生理活性を選択的に増大させる結合システムであって:
約500ダルトン〜約4000ダルトンの範囲の分子量を有するタンニンを含むフェノール成分;および
過酸化水素;
を含み、ここで、
前記過酸化水素は、前記タンニンに、約1:1〜約1:50の範囲のタンニン:過酸化物重量比において、遊離可能に結合しており;
前記結合システムは、対象の組織損傷に応答して発現される酸化還元酵素を有する標的部位において、生体内活性化され、前記酸化還元酵素は、ペルオキシダーゼまたはオキシダーゼを含み;
前記フェノール成分は標的部位に選択的に結合し、前記標的部位は損傷組織からなり;ならびに
前記結合システムは、標的部位における生体内活性化に先立って、未結合の過酸化水素を含まないか、またはこれを実質的に含まない
前記結合システム。 - 標的部位におけるフェノール化合物の生理活性を選択的に増大させる結合システムであって:
ザクロ抽出物、緑茶抽出物またはそれらの組み合わせを含むフェノール成分;および
過酸化水素;
を含み、ここで、フェノール成分の過酸化水素に対する比は、モル重量に基づいて約1:2〜約1:20の範囲であり;
前記結合システムは、組織損傷に応答して発現されるペルオキシダーゼまたはオキシダーゼを有する標的部位において生体内活性化され;
前記フェノール成分は標的部位に選択的に結合し、前記標的部位は損傷組織からなり;ならびに
前記結合システムは、標的部位における生体内活性化に先立って、未結合の過酸化水素を含まないか、またはこれを実質的に含まない、
前記結合システム。 - 標的部位への水性の輸送のための安定化された試薬のペアであって:
約500ダルトン〜約4000ダルトンの範囲の分子量を有するタンニン;および
過酸化水素;
を含み、
前記過酸化水素は、前記タンニンに、約1:1000〜約10:1の範囲のタンニン:過酸化物重量比において、水素結合しており;
前記結合システムは、酸化還元酵素を有する標的部位において生体内活性化され;ならびに
前記結合分子は標的部位に選択的に結合し、前記標的部位は損傷組織からなり;ならびに
前記結合システムは、標的部位における生体内活性化に先立って、未結合の過酸化水素を含まないか、またはこれを実質的に含まない、
前記試薬のペア。 - 請求項4に記載の試薬のペアおよび薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤を含む医薬処方物であって、ここで、タンニンはカテキンを含み、前記タンニン:過酸化物の比は、約1:10〜約1:50の範囲であり、前記酸化還元酵素はペルオキシダーゼを含み;ならびに、前記処方物中に未結合の過酸化水素が存在しないか、または実質的に存在しない、前記医薬処方物。
- 請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムおよび薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤を含む医薬処方物。
- フェノール成分が加水分解性タンニン、縮合型タンニンまたはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- フェノール成分が、フラバノールを含む、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- フェノール成分が、カテキンを含む、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- フェノール成分が、没食子酸、エピ没食子酸、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- タンニン:過酸化物の重量比が、約1:1〜約1:50の範囲である、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムを含むキットであって、
フェノール成分の乾燥形態;および
過酸化水素を放出するための乾燥材料
を含む、前記キット。 - 過酸化水素を放出するための乾燥材料が、過炭酸ナトリウム、過炭酸カリウム、アミノ過水和物、過酸化カルバミド、過酸化マグネシウムおよび過酸化尿素からなる群より選択される、請求項12に記載のシステム、ならびに、多様な標的部位のための、投与のためのシステムを作製するために成分を混合することについて、および推奨される希釈係数についての説明書、ならびに、前記投与のためのシステムを多様な標的部位のための推奨される希釈係数により希釈するための説明書を含む、キット。
- 抗毒素としての使用のための医薬の製造における、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムの使用。
- 抗炎症剤としての使用のための医薬の製造における、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムの使用。
- 抗菌剤としての使用のための医薬の製造における、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムの使用。
- 胃腸の状態を処置することにおける使用のための、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムを含む組成物。
- 損傷を受けた皮膚組織を処置することにおける使用のための医薬の製造における、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムの使用。
- 損傷を受けた粘膜組織を処置することにおける使用のための医薬の製造における、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムの使用。
- 動物における体重増加を促進することにおける使用のための、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項に記載のシステムを含む栄養サプリメント。
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