JP2014515445A - 排出物制御のための多構成要素フィルタ - Google Patents
排出物制御のための多構成要素フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】 図3
Description
本発明の実施形態とともに使用するための好適な基材は、壁流フィルタを含む。図1および2に示され、上記で説明されるような、これらのフィルタは、概して、基材の縦軸に沿って延在する、複数の細い実質的に平行なガス流通路を有する。典型的には、各通路が基材本体の一方の端部で遮断され、代替的な通路が反対の端面で遮断される。通路は、長方形、正方形、円形、楕円形、三角形、六角形、または他の多角形を含むが、それらに限定されない任意の形状を有することができる。壁の厚さは、結果として生じた触媒物品の所望の性質に応じて変化し得る。一般に、細孔径が類似する場合、より大きい壁厚さが、システム背圧により大きく影響を及ぼすであろう。壁厚さは、典型的には、約0.002から約0.1インチに及ぶ。
本発明の態様は、排ガスを処理するための排出物処理システムを対象とする。図5は、上記で説明される触媒物品100が、エンジン10の下流に位置し、かつエンジン10と流体連通している、本発明の実施形態を示す。本発明の1つ以上の実施形態では、排出物処理システムは、エンジン10の下流で、かつエンジン10と流体連通して表される、触媒物品100を伴うエンジン10から本質的に成る。本明細書および添付の請求項で使用されるように、「本質的に成る」という用語は、他の触媒を追加しない限り、付加的な構成要素が含まれてもよいことを意味する。例えば、図6は、上記で説明されるような下流触媒物品100を伴うエンジン10から本質的に成る、排出物処理システムを示す。還元剤注入器11システムが、エンジン10と触媒物品100との間に位置し、かつその間の排気流と流体連通している。還元剤注入器11の包含は、他の触媒を本システムに追加せず、反応物を追加するにすぎない。
本発明の付加的な実施形態は、煤、尿素、アンモニア、NOx、CO、および炭化水素を含む、排ガス流を処理する方法を対象とする。図3および4を再び参照すると、尿素の加水分解は、触媒物品100の入口チャネル64の入口端54に位置する加水分解触媒110によって促進される。煤は、ガス透過性壁53にガス流を通過させることによって、加水分解触媒110の後にガス流から濾過される。ガス流を濾過することにより、入口チャネル64の入口壁65の上でフィルタケーキの形成をもたらす。アンモニアおよびNOxは、触媒物品100のガス透過性壁53を透過する選択的触媒還元触媒120の存在下で、それによって促進されて、N2を形成するように反応させられる。ガス透過性壁53から退出するガス流中のアンモニアは、出口壁67の上に被覆されたアンモニア酸化触媒130の存在下で、それによって促進されて、酸化させられる。COおよび炭化水素は、触媒物品の出口端56において出口壁67の上に被覆された酸化触媒140の存在下で、それによって促進されて、二酸化炭素および水を形成するように酸化させられる。いくつかの実施形態では、図4を参照すると、煤のうちのいくらかは、選択的触媒還元触媒120の前の煤酸化触媒150の存在下で、それによって促進されて、酸化させられる。いくつかの実施形態では、煤は、フィルタケーキの形成後に酸化させられる。
Claims (26)
- 煤、アンモニア、アンモニア前駆体 NOx、CO、及び炭化水素を含有するガス流から排出物を除去する触媒物品であって、
前記ガス流中の煤を捕捉するための壁流フィルタであり、前記フィルタは、全長を画定する入口端及び出口端と、軸方向に延在する複数の入口チャネルおよび出口チャネルの中に形成される、厚さを有するガス透過性壁とを有し、各入口チャネルが、入口壁と、開放入口端と、施栓出口端とを有し、各出口チャネルが、出口壁と、施栓入口端と、開放出口端とを有し、各入口チャネルが隣接出口チャネルを有する、壁流フィルタ、
前記アンモニア前駆体の加水分解を促進する随意的な加水分解触媒であり、前記入口端から延在する前記入口チャネルの前記入口壁の一部に被覆される加水分解触媒、
前記ガス透過性壁を透過する選択的触媒還元触媒(SCR触媒)であり、過剰酸素の存在下で前記ガス流中のNOxのN2への変換を促進する選択的触媒還元触媒、
前記ガス流中のアンモニアのN2への選択的酸化を促進する、前記出口チャネルの前記出口壁の長さを被覆するアンモニア酸化触媒、及び
CO及び炭化水素のCO2への酸化を促進する、前記出口端から前記入口端まで延在する前記出口チャネルの前記出口壁の一部に被覆される酸化触媒
を含むことを特徴とする触媒物品。 - 前記加水分解触媒が存在し、且つ前記入口端から前記壁流フィルタの長さの約50%まで延在し、前記ガス流が最初に前記加水分解触媒に接触するように配設される請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記加水分解触媒が存在し、且つ前記入口端から、約6.35mm(約1/4インチ)から前記壁流フィルタの長さの約10%の範囲内の長さまで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記加水分解触媒が存在し、且つチタニアを含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、前記壁流フィルタの全長に沿って延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、約0.015g/cm3(約0.25g/インチ3)から約0.15g/cm3(約2.5g/インチ3)の範囲内の充填量を有する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、金属促進分子篩を含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記SCR触媒の前に、煤酸化触媒をさらに含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、ガス透過性壁を透過する請求項8に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、前記ガス透過性壁の入口側を透過する層を含む請求項9に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記層が、前記壁厚さの最大約50%の深さまで前記ガス透過性壁を透過する請求項10に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、前記入口壁上に層を含む請求項8に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、ジルコニア安定化酸化セリウムを含む請求項8に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア酸化触媒が、前記触媒物品の全長の最大約50%まで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア酸化触媒が、前記酸化触媒から前記触媒物品の全長の最大約50%まで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒が、前記出口チャネルの出口端から最大約50.8mm(約2インチ)の長さまで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒が、前記アンモニア酸化触媒の一部に重複する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア酸化触媒上に、実質的に前記酸化触媒の重複がない請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒が、高表面積支持材上に白金族金属を含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記壁流フィルタが、高効率フィルタである請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 煤、尿素、アンモニア、NOx、CO、及び炭化水素を含む排ガス流を処理する方法であって、
触媒物品の入口チャネルの入口端に位置する加水分解触媒を用いて、尿素の加水分解を促進すること、
前記触媒物品の中のガス透過性壁に前記ガス流を通過させ、前記入口チャネルの前記壁上にフィルタケーキを形成することによって、前記加水分解触媒の後に、前記ガス流から前記煤を濾過すること、
前記触媒物品の前記ガス透過性壁を透過する選択的触媒還元触媒を用いて、前記アンモニアおよびNOxの反応を促進して、N2を形成すること、
前記触媒物品の前記出口壁に被覆されたアンモニア酸化触媒を用いて、前記触媒物品の前記ガス透過性壁から退出する前記ガス流中の前記アンモニアの酸化を促進すること、及び
前記触媒物品の出口端において前記出口壁上に被覆された酸化触媒を用いて、CO及び炭化水素の酸化を促進して、二酸化炭素および水を形成すること
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記選択的触媒還元触媒の前に、煤酸化触媒を用いて、前記煤の酸化を促進することをさらに含む請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記煤が、前記フィルタケーキの形成後に酸化される請求項21に記載の方法。
- エンジンと、前記エンジンの下流に位置し、且つ前記エンジンと流体連通している請求項1に記載の触媒物品とを含む排出物処理システム。
- 前記エンジンの下流、前記触媒物品の上流に位置付けられ、かつ両方と流体連通しているディーゼル酸化触媒をさらに含む請求項24に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記触媒物品の上流に、還元剤注入器をさらに含む請求項24に記載の排出物処理システム。
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US13/433,663 US8722000B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | Multi-component filters for emissions control |
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US20120247092A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
US20140219880A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
JP6176672B2 (ja) | 2017-08-09 |
CA2832852C (en) | 2019-09-24 |
US9145809B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 |
US8722000B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
ZA201308015B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
EP2691165B1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
CN103687661A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
EP2691165A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
CN103687661B (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
MY165027A (en) | 2018-02-28 |
BR112013024950A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
JP6449365B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
CA2832852A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
JP2017205756A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
WO2012135871A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
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