JP6449365B2 - 排出物制御のための多構成要素フィルタ - Google Patents
排出物制御のための多構成要素フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6449365B2 JP6449365B2 JP2017074200A JP2017074200A JP6449365B2 JP 6449365 B2 JP6449365 B2 JP 6449365B2 JP 2017074200 A JP2017074200 A JP 2017074200A JP 2017074200 A JP2017074200 A JP 2017074200A JP 6449365 B2 JP6449365 B2 JP 6449365B2
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- catalyst
- wall
- oxidation catalyst
- outlet
- oxidation
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 308
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 143
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 143
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 140
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000075898 Lantana strigocamara Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYAVIWGEVOBWDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TYAVIWGEVOBWDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
- B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9436—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
-
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Description
本発明の実施形態とともに使用するための好適な基材は、壁流フィルタを含む。図1および2に示され、上記で説明されるような、これらのフィルタは、概して、基材の縦軸に沿って延在する、複数の細い実質的に平行なガス流通路を有する。典型的には、各通路が基材本体の一方の端部で遮断され、代替的な通路が反対の端面で遮断される。通路は、長方形、正方形、円形、楕円形、三角形、六角形、または他の多角形を含むが、それらに限定されない任意の形状を有することができる。壁の厚さは、結果として生じた触媒物品の所望の性質に応じて変化し得る。一般に、細孔径が類似する場合、より大きい壁厚さが、システム背圧により大きく影響を及ぼすであろう。壁厚さは、典型的には、約0.002から約0.1インチに及ぶ。
本発明の態様は、排ガスを処理するための排出物処理システムを対象とする。図5は、上記で説明される触媒物品100が、エンジン10の下流に位置し、かつエンジン10と流体連通している、本発明の実施形態を示す。本発明の1つ以上の実施形態では、排出物処理システムは、エンジン10の下流で、かつエンジン10と流体連通して表される、触媒物品100を伴うエンジン10から本質的に成る。本明細書および添付の請求項で使用されるように、「本質的に成る」という用語は、他の触媒を追加しない限り、付加的な構成要素が含まれてもよいことを意味する。例えば、図6は、上記で説明されるような下流触媒物品100を伴うエンジン10から本質的に成る、排出物処理システムを示す。還元剤注入器11システムが、エンジン10と触媒物品100との間に位置し、かつその間の排気流と流体連通している。還元剤注入器11の包含は、他の触媒を本システムに追加せず、反応物を追加するにすぎない。
本発明の付加的な実施形態は、煤、尿素、アンモニア、NOx、CO、および炭化水素を含む、排ガス流を処理する方法を対象とする。図3および4を再び参照すると、尿素の加水分解は、触媒物品100の入口チャネル64の入口端54に位置する加水分解触媒110によって促進される。煤は、ガス透過性壁53にガス流を通過させることによって、加水分解触媒110の後にガス流から濾過される。ガス流を濾過することにより、入口チャネル64の入口壁65の上でフィルタケーキの形成をもたらす。アンモニアおよびNOxは、触媒物品100のガス透過性壁53を透過する選択的触媒還元触媒120の存在下で、それによって促進されて、N2を形成するように反応させられる。ガス透過性壁53から退出するガス流中のアンモニアは、出口壁67の上に被覆されたアンモニア酸化触媒130の存在下で、それによって促進されて、酸化させられる。COおよび炭化水素は、触媒物品の出口端56において出口壁67の上に被覆された酸化触媒140の存在下で、それによって促進されて、二酸化炭素および水を形成するように酸化させられる。いくつかの実施形態では、図4を参照すると、煤のうちのいくらかは、選択的触媒還元触媒120の前の煤酸化触媒150の存在下で、それによって促進されて、酸化させられる。いくつかの実施形態では、煤は、フィルタケーキの形成後に酸化させられる。
Claims (22)
- 煤、アンモニア、アンモニア前駆体、NOx、CO、及び炭化水素を含有するガス流から排出物を除去する触媒物品であって、
前記ガス流中の煤を捕捉するための壁流フィルタであり、前記フィルタは、全長を画定する入口端及び出口端と、軸方向に延在する複数の入口チャネルおよび出口チャネルの中に形成される、厚さを有するガス透過性壁とを有し、各入口チャネルが、入口壁と、開放入口端と、施栓出口端とを有し、各出口チャネルが、出口壁と、施栓入口端と、開放出口端とを有し、各入口チャネルが隣接出口チャネルを有する、壁流フィルタ、
前記ガス透過性壁に浸透する選択的触媒還元触媒(SCR触媒)であり、過剰酸素の存在下で前記ガス流中のNOxのN2への変換を促進する選択的触媒還元触媒、
前記ガス流中のアンモニアのN2への選択的酸化を促進する、前記出口チャネルの前記出口壁の所定長さ範囲を被覆するアンモニア酸化触媒、及び
CO及び炭化水素のCO2への酸化を促進する、前記出口端から前記入口端に向けて延在する前記出口チャネルの前記出口壁の一部に被覆される酸化触媒
を含み、
前記アンモニア酸化触媒が、前記触媒物品の全長の最大50%まで延在し、
前記アンモニア酸化触媒上に、実質的に前記酸化触媒の重複がなく、
前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、前記壁流フィルタの全長に亘って延在し、
前記酸化触媒は、少なくとも出口チャネルに被覆され、及び前記出口端から前記入口端に向けて被覆され、及び
前記酸化触媒の前記出口チャンネルにおける範囲は、前記出口端に施される栓の長さ範囲の少なくとも一部を含み、及び
前記アンモニア酸化触媒は、前記出口壁の前記酸化触媒よりも入口側に被覆されていることを特徴とする触媒物品。 - 加水分解触媒が存在し、且つ前記入口端から前記壁流フィルタの長さの50%まで延在し、前記ガス流が最初に前記加水分解触媒に接触するように配設される請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 加水分解触媒が存在し、且つ前記入口端から、6.35mm(1/4インチ)から前記壁流フィルタの長さの10%の範囲内の長さまで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 加水分解触媒が存在し、且つチタニアを含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、0.015g/cm3(0.25g/インチ3)から0.15g/cm3(2.5g/インチ3)の範囲内の充填量を有する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、金属促進分子篩を含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒の前に、煤酸化触媒をさらに含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、ガス透過性壁に浸透する請求項7に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、前記ガス透過性壁の入口側に浸透する層を含む請求項8に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記層が、前記壁厚さの最大50%の深さまで前記ガス透過性壁に浸透する請求項9に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、前記入口壁上に層を含む請求項7に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、ジルコニア安定化酸化セリウムを含む請求項7に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア酸化触媒が、前記酸化触媒から前記触媒物品の全長の最大50%まで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒が、前記出口チャネルの出口端から最大50.8mm(2インチ)の長さまで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒が、高表面積支持材上に白金族金属を含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記壁流フィルタが、質量基準で煤粒子の85%以上を除去する高効率フィルタである請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の触媒物品を用いて、煤、尿素、アンモニア、NOx、CO、及び炭化水素を含む排ガス流を処理する方法であって、
触媒物品の入口チャネルの入口端に位置する加水分解触媒を用いて、尿素の加水分解を促進すること、
前記触媒物品の中のガス透過性壁に前記ガス流を通過させ、前記入口チャネルの前記壁上にフィルタケーキを形成することによって、前記加水分解触媒の後に、前記ガス流から前記煤を濾過すること、
前記触媒物品の前記ガス透過性壁に浸透する選択的触媒還元触媒を用いて、前記アンモニアおよびNOxの反応を促進して、N2を形成すること、
前記触媒物品の前記出口壁に被覆されたアンモニア酸化触媒を用いて、前記触媒物品の前記ガス透過性壁から退出する前記ガス流中の前記アンモニアの酸化を促進すること、及び
前記触媒物品の出口端において前記出口壁上に被覆された酸化触媒を用いて、CO及び炭化水素の酸化を促進して、二酸化炭素および水を形成すること
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記選択的触媒還元触媒の前に、煤酸化触媒を用いて、前記煤の酸化を促進することをさらに含む請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記煤が、前記フィルタケーキの形成後に酸化される請求項17に記載の方法。
- エンジンと、前記エンジンの下流に位置し、且つ前記エンジンと流体連通している請求項1に記載の触媒物品とを含む排出物処理システム。
- 前記エンジンの下流、前記触媒物品の上流に位置付けられ、かつ両方と流体連通しているディーゼル酸化触媒をさらに含む請求項20に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記触媒物品の上流に、還元剤注入器をさらに含む請求項20に記載の排出物処理システム。
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CN103687661B (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
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CA2832852C (en) | 2019-09-24 |
ZA201308015B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
US8722000B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
CN103687661A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
US20120247092A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
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